2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习课件：必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero（新人教版）

　　③Last year I ________ ________ ________ ________， and I don't want to risk my life a second time. 去年我死里逃生，我不想再冒险。 答案：①escapes being caught　②escape being punished(＝punishment)　③had a narrow escape 4．equal adj. 相等的；平等的；能胜任的　vt. 比得上；抵得上　n. 同等之人或物 归纳拓展 (1)be equal to 与……相等；能胜任；能应付 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B without equal 无比；无敌 on equal terms with sb. 与某人处于平等地位 (2)equally adv. 同样(程度)地；平均地 equality n. 同等；平等

　　③He ________ ________ in strength, but not in intelligence. 他体力与我匹敌，但智力无法与我匹敌。 答案：①equal that of a surprising end　②be equally respected

　　③equals me

　　5．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 归纳拓展 in sb.'s opinion/in the opinion of sb. 在某人看来；根据某人的意见 give one's opinion about 发表看法 have a good/high/bad/low/poor opinion of＝think well/highly/much/badly/little of 对……评价高/低 ③The teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 老师对他评价很高。 ④Would you please ________ ________ ________ ________ the local government? 请你发表对当地政府看法，好吗？ 答案：①ask for your parents' opinion　②In my opinion ③has a good opinion of him　④give your opinion about 1.out of work 失业 归纳拓展 out of sight 看不见 out of mind 心不在焉 out of debt 不欠债；还清债务 out of date 过时；过期 out of danger 脱离危险

　　out of order 坏了 out of shape 变形 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能

　　③Rest now was ________ ________ ________ ________(不可能)． ④I asked about the movie star ________ ________ ________(出于好奇)． 答案：①out of work　②out of date　③out of the question　④out of curiosity 2．in trouble 在困境中 归纳拓展 ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自讨苦吃 make trouble 捣乱；制造麻烦 get (sb.) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境 make/cause trouble for sb. 给某人惹麻烦 have some/no trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有(没有)困难 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦做某事 ③The last thing I want to do is to ________ ________ ________ ________. 我最不想给他惹麻烦。 ④As everyone in the town knows him quite well, we ________ ________ ________in finding his address. 因为镇上所有人都知道他，我们毫不费力找到了他的住址。 答案：①asking for trouble　②making trouble; in trouble　③make trouble for him　④have no/little trouble 3．turn to (向他人)求助；转向；变成 归纳拓展 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn up (把声音)调大；出现 turn down (把声音)调小；拒绝 turn over 翻转；移交 turn in 上交，交出

　　turn out 结果是；生产 turn against 背叛 turn away 走开 turn into 变成，变为

　　4．lose heart丧失勇气或信心 归纳拓展 lose one's heart to 倾心于；爱上 learn... by heart 背诵；牢记 put one's heart into 专心于 heart and soul 全心全意地 1.... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 “only＋状语(即副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装结构。 归纳拓展 以下几种情况句子要用部分倒装结构： (1)表否定意义的词语，如never, hardly, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not, no, not only, at no time, under no circumstances等位于句首时； (2)以so, neither/nor开头的句子，表示前面所述情况适合于另一个人或物，句子要用倒装结构。so表达肯定意义，neither/nor表达否定意义； (3)句型so/such ... that ...中的so/such ...部分位于句首时。 ③If you don't go, nor ________ ________(我也不去)． ④So ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(北京有这么多名胜) that you can't visit them all in a single day. 答案：①will you be allowed in　②is the teacher himself interested in football　③will/shall I　④many places of interest does Beijing offer

　　2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去的三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 该句中的主语the last thirty years为无生命事物，这是一种拟人的修辞手法。

　　归纳拓展 在英语中，常将表示时间，地点或事物等的名词作主语，将本应为人发出的动作see, find, witness等作谓语，表示某时，某地或某物“经历、发生、见证、目睹”了某事。这种句式突出强调句中的地点、时间或事物，增强了语言的生动活泼性。

　　答案：①saw/witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China　②have seen great changes　③found people singing and dancing 3．Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我们还处在几乎没有任何权利的阶段。 归纳拓展 当先行词是stage，case，point，position，situation等含有地点含义的抽象名词，且定语从句中缺少状语时，常用where/in which等引导定语从句。 　第一部分　必修一 　 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela —a modern hero 必修一 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 考点探究演练 2 基础知识晨记 1 基础知识晨记 Ⅰ.单词速记 A．快速识记 1．________ n．质量；品质；性质 2．________ vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露 3．________ n．意见；看法；主张 4．________ n．& vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 5．________ vt.酬劳；奖赏 n．报酬；奖金 6．________ vi.乞求；请求→________ n．乞丐 7．________ n．律师→________ n．法律；法规；法学 8．________ vt.建立；建设→________ n．建立者；创始人 quality escape opinion attack reward beg beggar lawyer law found founder 9．_______ n．残忍；残酷→______ adj.残酷的；残忍的 10．________ n．暴力；暴行→________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的 11．________ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→________ n．和平；和睦；平静 12．________ adj.法律的；合法的→(反义词)________ adj.违法的；不合法的 13．________ adj.积极的；活跃的→________ adv.积极地→__________ n．积极性 cruelty cruel violence violent peaceful peace legal illegal active actively activeness 14．________ v．投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决→________ n．选民；选举人 15．________ adj.自私的→___________ n．自私→________adj.无私的→___________ n．无私 16．________ adj.平等的；相等的→________ n．平等→(反义词)________ n．不平等 17．________ adj.慷慨的；大方的→________ n．慷慨；大方→(反义词)________ adj.吝啬的 18．________ adj.不公平的；不公正的→________ n．不公平→(反义词)________ adj.公平的 vote voter selfish selfishness selfless selflessness equal equality inequality generous generosity mean unfair unfairness fair

　　19．________ vt.献身；专心于(与to连用)→________ adj.忠实的；深爱的→________ n．献身；忠诚 20．________ vt.教育→________ adj.受过教育的；有教养的→(反义词)__________ adj.无知的；未受过教育的→________ n．教育→________ n．教育家 devote devoted devotion educate educated uneducated education educator B．归类巧记 1．表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描 ①generous 慷慨的 ②energetic

　　有活力的 ③intelligent

　　聪明的 ④ambitious

　　有雄心壮志的 ⑤confident

　　有信心的 ⑥creative

　　富有创造力的 ⑦devoted

　　有献身精神的 ⑧enthusiastic

　　充满热情的 ⑨warm­hearted

　　热心肠的 ⑩active

　　积极的；活跃的 2．quality相关词一览 ①qualify vt.

　　使合格 ②qualification n.

　　资格 ③quantity n.

　　数量 3．后缀­ance高频名词全接触 ①guidance

　　指导；领导 ②importance

　　重要；重要性 ③ignorance

　　无知；愚昧 ④significance

　　意义；重要性 ⑤appearance

　　出现 ⑥tolerance

　　宽容；容忍 ⑦elegance

　　优美；高雅 Ⅱ.高频短语 1．丧失勇气或信心 ________ 2．处于麻烦中 ________ 3．担心 ________ 4．失业 ________ 5．事实上 ________ 6．使充气；使爆炸 ________ 7．把……投进监狱 ________ 8．当权 ________ 9．设立；建立 ________ 10．实现某人……的梦想 ________ lose heart in trouble worry about out of work as a matter of fact blow up put ...into prison come into power set up realize one's dream of 11．在……中活跃 ________ 12．致力于 ________ 13．以和平的方式 ________ 14．对……抱有希望 ________ 15．愿意…… ________ 16．求助于 ________ 17．积极参与 ________ 18．被判处…… ________ 19．能胜任 ________ 20．投票支持 ________ be active in be devoted to in a peaceful way feel/be hopeful about/of... be willing to... turn to take an active part in be sentenced to... be equal to vote for Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．He _____ _____ _____ his time, for ______ I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。 2．I worried about ________ I would become out of work. 我担心我会不会失业。 3．The last thirty years ________(see)the greatest number of laws ________(stop) our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ________ we have almost no rights at all. 过去的三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 4．Only then ________ we decide to answer violence ________ violence. 只有到了这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 5．I did not work again for twenty years ________ Mr.Mandela and the ANC ________ ________ ________ in 1994. 在曼德拉先生和非洲国民大会于1994年掌政之前，我有20年没有工作。

　　答案：1.was generous with; which　2.whether　3.have seen; stopping; where　4.did; with　5.until; came into power Ⅳ.语法过关 定语从句(Ⅱ) 1．Xiamen is regarded as a city ________ traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle. 答案：where　考查定语从句。句意为：厦门被认为是一个传统文化和现代生活方式完美结合的城市。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a city，并在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该定语从句。 2．They stood on the top of the high building, from ________ they could see the whole city. 答案：where　考查定语从句。根据句意可知，从那个高楼的顶部能看见整个城市，此处from where相当于from on the top of the high building。 3．He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，________ he was later to marry. 答案：whom　考查定语从句。句意为：他是在2008年Rachel的大学毕业典礼上认识她的，后来娶她为妻。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词为Rachel，在从句中作marry的宾语，故用whom引导。 4．The band was very successful in the seventies, most of ________ members were in their twenties. 答案：whose　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，故用whose。 5．In moments when you're feeling down，read what you wrote previously，________ will help uplift your spirits. 答案：which　考查定语从句。句意为：当你情绪低落的时候，读一读你先前写下的东西，这会帮助你情绪高昂。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。 Ⅴ.语篇填空 My name is Elias. I am ①________ poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to ②________ I went for advice. He offered ③________(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help ④________ I had very little education. I began school at six. The school ⑤________ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees ⑥________ the bus fare. I could not read or write well. ⑦________ trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook ⑧________(live) in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have ⑨________ because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I ⑩________(become) out of work. 答案：①a　②whom　③guidance　④because　⑤where　⑥and　⑦After　⑧to live　⑨one　⑩would become 考点探究演练 1.devote vt. 献身于；致力于 归纳拓展 (1)devote ... to ... 把……献给……

　　be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……

　　(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠实的 devotion n. 奉献；忠诚 温馨提示： 含介词to的短语： be/get used/accustomed to习惯于 lead to 导致 pay attention to 注意 object to 反对 be opposed to 反对 look forward to 期望 get down to 开始认真做 stick to 坚持 (2)句型转换。 She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world's best long­distance swimmers. ①____________________(改为现在分词短语作原因状语) ②____________________(改为过去分词短语作原因状语) 答案：(1)①setting　②preparing　③being caught　④was devoted (2)①Devoting herself to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long­distance swimmers. ②Devoted to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long­distance swimmers. 2．reward n. 报酬；奖赏；回报　vt. 报答；奖励 归纳拓展 (1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而报答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……犒赏某人 (2)as a reward for 作为回馈/酬谢/奖赏 ask no reward 不计报酬 give/offer/pay/put up a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而给某人报酬 earn/enjoy/get/obtain/receive reward for sth. 因某事而得到报答或报酬 in reward (for) 作为(对……的)报答 辨析　award/reward ③Youyou Tu ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, making her one of the greatest women in the world. 因为发现青蒿素，屠呦呦被授予诺贝尔医学奖，她成为了世界上的伟大女性之一。 答案：①as a reward for his service　②a reward of $500　③was rewarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine 3．escape n. & vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露　vt. 逃脱 归纳拓展 (1)escape from 从……逃离 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's notice/memory 逃过某人的注意/被某人遗忘 (2)have a narrow escape＝narrowly escape from being killed 九死一生；幸免于难 make one's escape from 逃离；逃脱 　第一部分　必修一