2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习课件：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes（新人教版）

　　③He suffered serious ________(injure) to the arms and shoulders. ④The ________(injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins. 答案：①injured his hands and knees　②injured　③injuries ④injured

　　3．rescue n. 营救，救援；救援行动　vt. 营救；救援 归纳拓展 (1)rescue ... from ... 从……中抢救或营救……

　　(2)rescue work/workers 救援工作/救援人员 go/come to one's rescue 援救或帮助某人

　　4．judge n. 裁判员；法官　vt. 断定；判决；判断 归纳拓展 (1)judge sb./sth. by/from 以……判断 judging from/by 从……判断 (常作插入语使用) judge sb./sth. (to be) good/bad/fair, etc. 认定某人(某事)好/坏/公平等 as far as sb. can judge 据某人判断

　　(2)judgment n．判断 温馨提示：judging from/by...置于句首作状语。v.­ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking坦白地说；considering...考虑到……。

　　③________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I'm afraid you are quite wrong. 据我判断，你完全错了。 答案：①Judging from/by his accent　②don't/never judge a book by its cover　③As far as I can judge 5．ruin n. & vt. 毁灭，破坏 归纳拓展 (1)in ruins 严重破坏；破败不堪 fall into ruins 成为废墟 bring sth./sb. to ruin 使毁灭；使落空；使某人破产 bring ruin to oneself 自取灭亡 (2)ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 6．bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入 归纳拓展 (1)be buried in 埋头于；专心于 be buried/lost in thought 沉思 (2)bury oneself in study埋头研究；专心学习 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 答案：(1)①was buried　②bury his feelings (2)a.As he buried himself in b．As he was buried in

　　c．Buried in 7．shelter n．[U]掩蔽；遮蔽；庇护；栖身地　vi.躲避　vt.提供庇护所 归纳拓展 take shelter from躲避…… under the shelter of在……的庇护下；受……的保护 a bus shelter公共汽车亭 give sb. shelter庇护某人 shelter sb./sth. from...庇护某人/某物免受…… 1.think little of 轻视；不重视 归纳拓展 (1)think highly/well/much of ... 对……评价高/印象好 think nothing of ... 觉得……不怎么样，没什么了不起 think badly/poorly/ill of ... 对……评价低 (2)speak highly/well of...高度赞扬…… speak ill of...说……的坏话 sing high praise for...高度赞扬…… 2．at an end 终了；结束 归纳拓展 bring ... to an end 使……终止 come to an end 结束 put an end to 使终止 end up (with) 以……结束/告终

　　make both ends meet 量入为出 at the end of 在……末端，在……结束时 by the end of 到……末为止 since the end of 自从……末以来 in the end 最后，最终 There is no end to ... ……没有止境/尽头 [温馨提示]at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；by the end of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用：by the end of＋过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by the end of＋将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。 3．a great number of 许多；大量 归纳拓展 修饰可数名词的短语： a large/great number of a good/great many 修饰不可数名词的短语： a large amount of a good/great deal of 修饰可数或不可数名词的短语： a lot of/lots of a quantity of/quantities of plenty of [温馨提示](1)“a large number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； (2)“large quantities/amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　(2)单句语法填空。 The number of people invited to the party ________ (be) 100, but a number of them ________(be) absent for different reasons. 答案：(1)①A large number of　②the number of car accidents　③are being washed away　(2)is/was; are/were 1.In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家大院里，鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不想进食。 too＋adj./adv.＋(for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)太……不能……

　　归纳拓展 以下三种情况下，该结构表达肯定意义： (1)当形容词是表心情的ready, glad, happy, eager, anxious, willing等时。 (2)与never, can not连用时，意为“非常，怎么做也不过分”。 (3)在too前有far, much, only, but修饰时，表肯定意义，且带有一定的感情色彩。 2．It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界好像到了末日。 It seems/looks as if ... 似乎/好像…… as if引导表语从句。 归纳拓展 as if引导的从句，若表示与事实相反，从句要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。如果表示客观事实，不用虚拟语气。 as if to do ... 好像要做……

　　as if doing ... 好像正在做……

　　3．All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 该句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。 [温馨提示](1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。 (2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。 　第一部分　必修一 　 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 Unit 4　Earthquakes 必修一 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 考点探究演练 2 基础知识巩固 3 基础知识晨记 1 基础知识晨记 Ⅰ.单词速记 A．快速识记 1．________ n．& vt. 援救；营救 2．________ vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭 3．________ n．标题；头衔；资格 4．________ n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 5．________ vt. 使陷入困境　n. 陷阱；困境 6．________ n. 废墟；毁灭　vt. 毁灭；使破产 7．________ vi.爆裂；爆发　n．突然破裂；爆发 8．________ n. 要点；大纲；轮廓　vt.概述；略述 rescue

　　destroy title shelter trap ruin burst outline 9．________ n. 记者→________ n．& vt.报告；报导 10．________ adj.极度的→________ adv. 极其；非常 11．______ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏→______ n．埋葬；葬礼 12．______________ n．祝贺；贺词→_____________ vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺 13．________ n．污垢；泥土→________ adj.脏的；下流的；卑鄙的 14．________ adv. 真诚地；真挚地→________ adj.真诚的；诚挚的 reporter report extreme extremely bury burial congratulation congratulate dirt dirty sincerely sincere 15．________ n．灾难；灾祸→________ adj. 灾难性的；损失惨重的 16．________ n．裁判员；法官　vt.断定；判断→________ n．判断；判断力 17．________ vt.损害；伤害→________ adj.受伤的；受损害的→________ n．伤害；受伤；损害 18．________ vt.使惊吓；吓唬→__________ adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→___________ adj.令人恐惧的 disaster disastrous judge judgment injure injured injury frighten frightened frightening

　　19．________ n．民族；国家；国民→________ adj.国家的；民族的→__________ n. 国籍；民族 20．________ v．(使)震惊；震动　n. 休克；打击；震惊→________ adj.震惊的→________ adj.令人震惊的 nation national nationality shock shocked shocking B．归类巧记 1．“自然灾害”相关单词一览 ①disaster n． 灾难；不幸 ②earthquake n.

　　地震 ③drought n.

　　旱灾；干旱 ④eruption n.

　　(火山)喷发 ⑤hurricane n.

　　飓风 ⑥tsunami n.

　　海啸 2．“破坏”家庭 ①damage n．& vt.

　　损失；损害 ②destroy vt.

　　毁坏；毁掉 ③ruin n．& vt.

　　毁灭；废墟 3．“­less”后缀的形容词归纳 ①useless

　　无用的 ②helpless

　　无助的 ③homeless

　　无家可归的 ④harmless

　　无害的 ⑤jobless

　　失业的 ⑥endless

　　无尽的 Ⅱ.高频短语 1．结束；终结 ________ 2．刮走；吹走 ________ 3．代替…… ________ 4．掘出；发现 ________ 5．许多；大量 ________ 6．倒塌 ________ 7．立刻；马上 ________ 8．毁坏；成为废墟 ________ 9．陷入……/陷在……下面 ________ at an end blow away instead of... dig out a great number of fall down right away(＝at once/in no time/immediately) in ruins be trapped in 10．带来；引进 ________ 11．以……而自豪 ________ 12．因为/作为……出名

　　________ 13．像往常一样 ________ 14．好像 ________ 15．突然大笑/大哭

　　________ bring in take pride in

　　be known for/as(＝be famous/noted for/as) as usual as if

　　burst into laughter/tears或burst out laughing/crying 16．祝贺/恭喜…… ________ 17．轻视；不重视 ________

　　18．睡醒；醒来 ________ 19．因为……感到自豪 ________ 20．……之后不久 ________ congratulations on sth.(注意与on搭配) think little of(表“重视”的短语有think highly of/pay much attention to/attach great importance to等) wake up be proud of... not long after...(＝soon/shortly after ...) Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．But the one million people of the city, ________ thought little of these events, were asleep ________ ________ that night. 但是唐山市的100万居民几乎没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 2．Everywhere they looked nearly everything ________(destroy)． 人们无论朝哪里看，一切都几乎被毁坏了。 3．People began to wonder how long the disaster ________(last)． 人们开始纳闷儿，这场灾难还会持续多久。 4．It seemed as if the world was ________ ________ ________. 似乎世界末日来临了。 5．________ hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 6．I asked a man ________(stand)next to me ________ ________. 我问站在我旁边的一个人出了什么事。 答案：1.who; as usual　2.was destroyed　3.would last　4.at an end　5.All　6.standing; what happened Ⅳ.语法过关 定语从句(Ⅰ) 1．(2017·湖南改编)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 答案：who　句意：快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。分析句子成分可知，“________ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句，修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。 2．Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone ________ functions are more practical. 答案：whose　考查定语从句。先行词a smart mobile phone与从句中functions构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose。 3．“God，please don't let anything happen today ________ I can't handle. ”This was my daily prayer during my first year of teaching. 答案：that　考查定语从句。句意：上帝，今天请不要发生任何我无法处理的事情，这是我第一年教学时每天要祈祷的。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词为不定代词anything。故用that不用which。

　　4．—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes. 答案：who/that　根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“________ won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。

　　5．The Great Wall is the place ________ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. 答案：which/that　分析句子结构可知，“________almost all tourists would like to visit”为定语从句，修饰先行词the place，关系代词在从句中充当visit的宾语，故填which或that。 Ⅴ.语篇填空 But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything ①________ (destroy). All of the city's hospitals, 75% of ②________ factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow ③________ away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now ④________(use) pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.

　　Sand now filled ⑤________ wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, ⑥________(late) that afternoon, ⑦________ big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped ⑧________ the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard ⑨________(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster ⑩________(last)． 答案：①was destroyed　②its　③them　④useless　⑤the ⑥later　⑦another　⑧under　⑨to get　⑩would last 考点探究演练 1.burst v. 爆裂；突发 归纳拓展 burst in 闯进来；突然插嘴 burst into 突然爆发；闯入 burst out/forth doing sth. 突然开始做某事 burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 放声大笑 burst into tears＝burst out crying 放声大哭 burst out 冒出 a burst of laughter/anger 一阵大笑/大怒 [巧学助记] ③My English teacher's humor was such as to make every student ________ ________ ________. 我的英语老师的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每个同学都哈哈大笑起来。 (2)用burst的相关词语完成下列小片段。 随着一阵笑声，王熙凤一阵风似地走进了房间。她的一席谄媚的话说得贾母乐不可支。 With ①________ ________________ laughter, Wang Xifeng ②________________ the room, whose flattering(谄媚的) words made Mrs. Jia ③________________ ________.

　　答案：(1)①suddenly burst　②burst out screaming　③burst into laughter/burst out laughing (2)①a burst of　②burst into　③burst with joy 2．injure vt. 伤害；使受伤；损害 归纳拓展 (1)injure sb. 伤害某人 injure sb.'s leg/arm/eye 伤害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛 injure sb.'s reputation/figure/feelings, etc. 损害某人的名誉/形象/伤害某人的感情等 be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重/轻伤 (2)the injured 伤员 injury to 对……的伤害 辨析　injure/wound/hurt/harm 词汇 含义 injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害 wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤 hurt 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛 harm 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to “对……有害” * * 　第一部分　必修一 　 Ziyuanku.com