2017届高考英语（江苏专用）一轮复习讲义：Book 7 Unit 4（牛津译林版）

　　话题词汇

　　1.benefit vi.& n.得益，好处

　　2.convenient adj.方便的，便利的

　　3.wherever conj.无论在何处，无论到哪里

　　4.argue vi.争吵，争辩

　　5.responsibility n.责任，负责，职责

　　6.amount n.数量

　　7.admit vt.承认，供认

　　8.occupy vt.占用(空间、时间、面积等)

　　9.damage vt.& n.损害，损失

　　10.traffic jam交通阻塞，塞车

　　11.fed up不愉快的，厌烦的

　　12.take place发生；举行

　　13.go up上升

　　14.on average平均；通常

　　经典语篇

　　(2015·江苏)

　　请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

　　1.The other day，a netizen 网民 shared a photo on Sina Weibo.It was about an old lady standing in front of a car that was on a bicycle lane，and insisting that it leave the track.The photo drew about 7，000 comments on the social media platform.Despite the thumbs­up 点赞 given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.

　　2.Some riders of e­bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.Thus the avoidable road accidents become unavoidable.

　　3.From 2005 to 2017，the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154 million.Currently，China had 15% of the world’s total vehicles.

　　写作内容

　　1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

　　2.结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；

　　3.根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。

　　写作要求

　　1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

　　2.不必写标题。

　　评分标准

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　佳作欣赏

　　The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten people’s lives.① The three selections presented above are typical examples.

　　Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.In spite of the large­scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.② What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.

　　In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.③ Without them，people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.

　　思维发散

　　1.用as well as改写第①句

　　It may threaten people’s lives as well as affects our everyday life.

　　2.用although改写第②句

　　Although there are large­scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.

　　3.用because改写第②句

　　In spite of the large­scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because the number of cars has been increasing these years.

　　4.把第③句改写成含有定语从句的复合句

　　In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations which/that are closely related to public order.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A.写作单词

　　1.fine (vt.)处以罚金

　　2.convey (vt.)运送，输送；表达

　　3.unfortunately (adv.)遗憾的，不幸地，可惜地

　　4.unbelievable (adj.)非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的

　　5.postpone (vt.)延迟，延期

　　6.undertake (vi.& vt.)承担，从事；承诺，答应

　　7.enlarge (vi.& vt.)扩大，扩展，增大

　　8.growth (n.)增加，增长；成长，生长

　　9.annual

　　(adj.)每年的，一年一次的

　　10.punctual (adj.)准时的，守时的

　　11.cyclist (n.)骑自行车的人

　　12.aggressive (adj.)好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的

　　13.load (n.)负荷，负载，大量，许多；(vt.)装载，装上，装入

　　14.drunk (adj.)喝醉的；(n.)醉汉，酒鬼

　　15.arise (vi.)出现，产生

　　16.split (vi.& vt.)分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破

　　B.阅读单词

　　17.anniversary (n.)周年纪念日

　　18.authority (n.)权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权

　　19.brake (n.)刹车，车闸；(vt.)用车闸减速，刹车

　　20.cab (n.)出租车，的士

　　21.choke (vi.& vt.)(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞；(n.)哽咽声，呛住的声音

　　22.crash (n.& vi.& vt.)撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃

　　23.crossing (n.)人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越

　　24.handful (n.)少量的人或物；一把(的量)

　　25.metropolitan (adj.)大城市的，大都会的

　　26.outer (adj.)远离中心的，外围的；外表的，表层的

　　27.user­friendly (adj.)方便用户的，便于使用的

　　28.via (prep.)经由，经过(某一地方)；通过，凭借

　　29.violate (vt.)违犯，违反；侵犯

　　30.prime (adj.)首要的，主要的；(n.)盛年，鼎盛时期

　　31.receptionist (n.)接待员

　　32.reservation (n.)预订，预约；保留意见

　　33.route (n.)(常规)路线

　　34.section (n.)部分；部件；部门

　　35.subway (n.)地铁

　　36.timetable (n.)时间表，时刻表

　　37.departure (n.)离开，出发；背离，违反

　　depart (v.)离开，出发

　　38.detail (n.)具体情况，详情，细节

　　detailed (adj.)详细的，细致的

　　39.enquiry (n.)询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究

　　enquire (v.)询问，打听

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1.drop off中途下客或卸货

　　2.link up联合，连接

　　3.at (...) intervals每隔(……)距离或时间

　　4.put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历

　　5.decide on/upon决定，选定

　　6.put off推迟，推延；使反感

　　7.turn up出现，到来；调高(音量等)

　　8.fill in填写(表格)；消磨(时间)

　　9.a handful of少数的，少量的

　　10.split up分组，分解；分离

　　11.speed up (使)加速

　　12.arise from起因于，由……引起

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1.However，most trains to London only went to the outer city limits，because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.

　　但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。

　　2.As better ways for digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.

　　随着挖隧道方法的日益发展，第一条穿过泰晤士河的地铁隧道于1884年动工。

　　3.Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes，undertook the job of improving the system in 1902...

　　看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善(地铁)系统的工程……

　　4.So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?

　　所以，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？

　　1

　　[应试指导]　一词多义

　　undertake＋n./pron.承担……

　　undertake to do...着手做……；答应做……

　　undertake that...承诺做……

　　undertake for...为……负责

　　(1)If you undertake the project，you are bound to encounter difficulties.

　　如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。

　　(2)To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.

　　要想这么做，理解为什么人们愿意承担志愿者工作以及是什么使得他们对这个工作感兴趣将会起到帮助作用。(2015·江苏)

　　(3)I’ll undertake for your security.

　　我将保证你的安全。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　He undertook that he would finish the job by Friday.(改为简单句)

　　He undertook to finish the job by Friday.

　　(2)A university professor not only teaches，but also

　　research work.

　　A.carries

　　B.takes

　　C.undertakes

　　D.obtains

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：大学教授不仅要教学，而且还承担着研究工作。carry搬运，携带；take拿，取，带；undertake承担，从事；obtain获得。根据句意应该选C项。

　　2

　　[应试指导]　任务型阅读词汇；写作词汇

　　(1)When I arose from the chair，my father and Eleanor’s father were in deep conversation.

　　当我从椅子上站起来时，我父亲和埃莉诺的父亲谈兴正浓。

　　(2)The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.

　　在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急速上升。

　　[特别提醒]

　　arise作“出现，发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument，problem，quarrel，movement等。

　　[词义辨析]　arise，rise，raise

　　(1)arise不及物动词，意为“出现；发生”。

　　(2)rise不及物动词，意为“上升；起床；升起”，说明主语自身移向更高的位置。

　　(3)raise及物动词，意为“抬高；提高”，说明主语的动作作用于其他事物。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用arise，rise，raise的适当形式填空

　　①He raised his voice so as to be heard by the audience.

　　②The river has risen by several meters so far.

　　③His failure in the physics exam arose from his lack of carefulness.

　　(2)When the question

　　at the meeting，no one could answer it.

　　A.rose

　　B.arose

　　C.came

　　D.raised

　　答案　B

　　解析　rise上升；arise出现；come来；raise提出，筹集。句意为：当这个问题在会议上提出的时候，没有人能回答。raise是及物动词，要使用被动语态；A、C两项的意义与句意不符。故B项正确。

　　3

　　1take a load off one’s mind卸下心头重负

　　have a load on one’s mind放心不下

　　loads of＝a load of许多……

　　2load...with...用……装载……

　　be loaded with负载……

　　(1)Although the educational systems have been transformed a lot，the loads of the students are still very heavy.

　　尽管教育制度已改变了很多，但学生的负担仍然很重。

　　(2)How long will it take to load the coal onto the truck?

　　装这车煤需要多长时间？

　　(3)There are loads of great places to see in Australia.

　　澳大利亚有很多值得看的好地方。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用适当的介词填空

　　①Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.

　　②He didn’t want to be loaded with any new impressions.

　　③I feel worried about my son.He really has a load on his mind.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　Because we are loaded with much work，we can’t afford time for sports.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　Loaded with much work，we can’t afford time for sports.

　　(3)—He says that my new car is a

　　of money.

　　—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?

　　A.lack

　　B.load

　　C.question

　　D.waste

　　答案　D

　　解析　lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费。根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。句意为：——他说我买辆新车就是件浪费钱的事情。——难道你不认为这些话是“吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸”吗？

　　4

　　[应试指导]　turn短语语境词义辨析

　　turn down拒绝；调小

　　turn into变成

　　turn out生产；结果是；证明是

　　turn over移交

　　turn on/off打开/关掉

　　turn to sb.转身；求助于；致力于

　　(1)For some reason she didn’t turn up.

　　由于某种原因，她没有来。

　　(2)Some all­A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected.

　　学校里的一些优秀学生踏入社会后不像人们预料的那么成功。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用turn短语的适当形式填空

　　①She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.

　　②I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.

　　③New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.

　　④Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.

　　⑤If nothing is done，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

　　⑥We are at your service.Don’t hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.

　　(2)Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will

　　sooner or later.(2015·湖北，26)

　　A.stand out

　　B.break up

　　C.get out

　　D.turn up

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：别担心，我相信你迟早会找到丢失的眼镜。stand out站出来，坚决反对；break up打碎，解散；get out出去，泄露，出版；turn up出现，发生。故选D。

　　(3)How could you

　　such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months？(2017·浙江，19)

　　A.turn off

　　B.turn in

　　C.turn down

　　D.turn to

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查turn短语词义辨析。句意为：既然你失业好几个月了，你怎么能

　　这么好的一份工作呢？turn off关闭，关掉；turn in上交；turn down拒绝(建议、要求或邀请等)，调低(声音、温度等)；turn to转向，求助于。由语境可知，因为失业好几个月了，按常理是不能“拒绝”(turn down)那么好的一份工作的，故C项正确。

　　5

　　[应试指导]　(1)多词一义　(2)任务型阅读词汇

　　(1)有“加速”意义的表达：speed up；accelerate；step up

　　(2)at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速

　　at a speed of以……速度

　　pick up speed＝gather speed加速

　　(3)slow down 减速

　　(4)speeding n.& v.超速

　　(1)We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.

　　我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。

　　(2)Even worse，if there were no change about that，diseases would spread at a very quick speed.

　　更糟的是，如果没有变化，疾病就会快速蔓延。

　　(3)The train began to pick up speed.

　　火车开始加速。

　　多维训练

　　(1)根据提示填空

　　Yesterday Tom was driving home at a speed of (以……速度)150kph when he was stopped by a policeman.He was fined for speeding (超速).Therefore，on the rest way，he had to slow down (减速).

　　(2)The thin but fit girl suddenly

　　on the final lap，caught up with other runners and came first in the 5,000 meters.

　　A.put up

　　B.turned up

　　C.took up

　　D.speeded up

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：那个瘦小而健康的女孩在最后一圈突然加速，赶上了其他的参赛者，获得了五千米跑步的冠军。put up 张贴； turn up 出现，露面； take up 占据，从事；speed up 加速，促进。

　　6

　　多维训练

　　(1)用适当的介词填空

　　①Please convey my best wishes to her.

　　②I find it hard to convey my feelings in words.

　　(2)用convey的适当形式填空

　　①They took a more reasonable approach，conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.(2015·陕西)

　　②The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”(2017·江苏)

　　(3)这艘船从中东运输石油到欧洲。

　　This ship conveys oil from the Middle East to Europe.

　　(4)What is it that the author wants to

　　to his readers through the story?

　　A.send

　　B.convey

　　C.take

　　D.talk

　　答案　B

　　解析　convey传达，表达。句意为：作者想通过故事向读者表达什么呢？

　　7

　　多维训练

　　(1)他们推迟做一个决定，那我们就只能等了。

　　They postponed making a decision and we just had to wait.

　　(2)We had to

　　our visit to the pyramids because we didn’t have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.

　　A.prohibit

　　B.postpone

　　C.predict

　　D.preserve

　　答案　B

　　解析　prohibit禁止，阻止；postpone推迟，延迟；predict预测，预言；preserve保护，保存。由句意知选B项。

　　(3)—Excuse me，sir.My visa is due at the end of this month.Can I

　　it?

　　—Sure.You can just go to the Public Security Office in our city to fill in some forms.

　　A.postpone

　　B.confirm

　　C.expand

　　D.extend

　　答案　D

　　解析　从句意“——抱歉，我的护照月底到期，我可以延期吗？——当然，你去我们市的公共安全部门填一些表格就行。”可以看出是对护照时间的延伸。postpone推迟，耽搁；confirm证实；expand(面积、体积从中心向四周)扩大，扩展；extend(空间和时间的某方向)扩展，延伸，延长。故选D。

　　8

　　多维训练

　　写出下列句中划线词的汉语意思

　　(1)The article is easier to read if it is split up into sections.分成

　　(2)Let’s split the cost among all of us.分担费用

　　(3)Research suggests that children whose parents split up are more likely to drop out of high school.分手，离异

　　(4)This kind of wood splits easily.容易劈

　　9

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①这件事使我下定决心辞职。

　　The event decided me to resign.

　　②价钱未定，欢迎顾主开价。

　　We haven’t decided on a price but we’re open to offers.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　The girl decided against marrying the doctor.(用不定式改写)

　　The girl decided not to marry the doctor.

　　10

　　Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes，undertook the job of improving the system in 1902...看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程……

　　having done sth.以及having been done是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作先于主句的谓语动词完成，在句子中可作时间状语和原因状语。

　　(1)Having been told exactly where he lived，I had no difficulty in finding Peter’s house.

　　有人告诉了我彼得的准确地址，我没费力气便找到了他的家。

　　(2)Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully，the company should reflect on its original marketing methods.

　　没能成功销售他们的新款数码相机，这家公司应该就这一情况认真思考之前的销售方法了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)

　　for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津，8)

　　A.To work

　　B.Worked

　　C.To be working

　　D.Having worked

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。

　　(2)

　　the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2017·福建，27)

　　A.Spending

　　B.Spent

　　C.Having spent

　　D.To spend

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查非谓语动词。“花费”和其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系，故用现在分词；且表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，故用现在分词的完成式。

　　11

　　So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today？所以，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？

　　why not有三重含义：

　　1表示建议，意为“为什么不做……呢？做……如何？”；

　　2表示对否定陈述的回答，意为“为什么不；为什么是那样？”；

　　3表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊”。why not跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不……”，即Why not do...？＝Why don’t/won’t you do...？

　　Why is it that...？……是因为什么？强调句

　　(1)I suddenly got an idea：why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning?

　　我突然有个想法：为什么不把房间彻底打扫一下呢？(2015·陕西)

　　(2)—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.

　　—Yes，why not？I’ll give them a call right now.

　　——我们可以邀请John和Barbara参加星期五的晚会。

　　——好啊，为什么不呢？我立刻给他们打电话。

　　多维训练

　　(1)——我们去看电影吧。

　　——好啊。

　　—Let’s go to see the movie.

　　—Why not?

　　(2)为什么不给她写信呢？她需要你的建议。

　　Why not write to her？She needs your advice.

　　(3)为什么父母总是在我们遇到麻烦的时候才注意到我们呢？

　　Why is it that parents only pay attention to us when we get into trouble？

　　微写作

　　写作素材 (关于交通问题)

　　1.现在人们有很多的旅行方式，例如乘坐有轨电车、的士、地铁或火车。

　　2.随着私家车的增加，有很多的堵车和交通事故。

　　3.司机开车的时候不应该喝醉或违反交通规则。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

　　连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　Nowadays people have many ways of travelling，such as by tram，cab，subway or rail.With private cars increasing，there are a lot of traffic jams and accidents.While driving，drivers shouldn’t get drunk or violate traffic rules.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1.When the sports hero

　　at our party，he was welcomed with open arms.

　　A.turned up

　　B.left off

　　C.moved on

　　D.got away

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。turn up出现，将声音调大；leave off停止，戒掉；move on继续前进，出发，离开；get away走开。根据句意选A。

　　2.Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to

　　the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

　　A.suggest

　　B.postpone

　　C.oppose

　　D.disobey

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：明天要是下雨的话，我们将推迟参观杨浦大桥。postpone推迟，符合句意。suggest建议，提议，暗示；oppose反对；disobey违抗。

　　3.If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to

　　on the sea？(2015·浙江，16)

　　A.float

　　B.drown

　　C.shrink

　　D.split

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意为：如果钢铁比水重的话，那为什么轮船能够浮在海面上？float漂浮，符合语境。drown淹没，(使)溺死；shrink(使)收缩，(使)缩小；split (使)裂开，(使)破裂。

　　4.Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can

　　almost every word her teacher says.

　　A.put out

　　B.put down

　　C.put away

　　D.put together

　　答案　B

　　解析　put out熄灭；put down写下，记下；put away放好，储存；put together组合，放在一起。句意为：玛丽的确擅长在课堂上记笔记，她几乎能记下老师说的每句话。故选B项。

　　5.They are broadening the bridge to

　　the flow of traffic.

　　A.put off

　　B.speed up

　　C.turn on

　　D.work out

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：他们正拓宽桥面来加快车流速度。put off推迟，推延；speed up加快速度；turn on打开，接通，取决于；work out算出，弄懂，产生结果。由题意知选B项。

　　6.—What about watching “I Am a Singer Ⅱ” this evening?

　　—

　　It is wonderful and popular.

　　A.Why not?

　　B.With pleasure.

　　C.By no means.

　　D.So what?

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查交际用语。why not表示同意对方的提议，表示“为何不呢，好哇”；with pleasure表示“愿意效劳”；by no means表示“绝不，无论如何也不”；so what表示“那又怎么样”。由语境可知选A。

　　7.Words failed to

　　my feelings the moment I saw my long­lost sister.

　　A.control

　　B.convey

　　C.exchange

　　D.affect

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：当我看到失散多年的妹妹时，语言无法表达我的感情。convey传达，表达，符合句意。

　　8.That is one of the most challenging engineering projects they have ever

　　.

　　A.undertaken

　　B.understood

　　C.focused on

　　D.paid to

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：那是他们从事过的最具挑战性的工程项目之一。undertake承担，从事，符合句意。

　　9.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be

　　.(2015·湖北，27)

　　A.accurate

　　B.punctual

　　C.efficient

　　D.reasonable

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要守时，他还是要快一点。accurate精确的；punctual准时的，守时的；efficient高效的，生效的；reasonable合理的。故选B。

　　10.We must

　　a topic before we start to write.

　　A.decide between

　　B.decide to

　　C.decide on

　　D.decide against

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：在开始写作之前我们必须先选定一个主题。decide on确定，选定，符合语境。decide between在……之间作出选择；decide to决定做……；decide against决定不(做)……。

　　11.—Lao Li，you were late for the meeting and our boss got very angry.

　　—Sorry，but I was

　　for 20 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.

　　A.held up

　　B.put up

　　C.taken up

　　D.given up

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词短语的辨析。句意为：——老李，你开会迟到，老板很生气。——很抱歉，但在来这儿的路上交通拥堵耽搁了二十分钟。表示“耽搁”用hold up。put up建造，张贴；take up占据；give up放弃，都不符合句意。

　　12.A number of high buildings have arisen

　　there was nothing a year ago but ruins.

　　A.when

　　B.where

　　C.before

　　D.until

　　答案　B

　　解析　由题干中的关键信息there was nothing a year ago but ruins“曾经只有一片废墟”和buildings have arisen“建筑物已拔地而起”可推断，建筑物应建在曾是一片废墟的地方，故用where引导地点状语从句。when当……时，引导时间状语从句；before在……之前，没来得及……就……，引导时间状语从句；until直到……，引导时间状语从句。

　　13.When you

　　a form，please write information in the spaces on it.

　　A.fill in

　　B.fill with

　　C.fill up

　　D.fill of

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：当你填写表格的时候，请在上面的空格中填写信息。fill in填写(表格)；fill with充满；fill up装满；没有fill of这种搭配。由句意知选A项。

　　14.

　　full preparations，Tony was quite confident about the coming interview.

　　A.Make

　　B.Made

　　C.To make

　　D.Having made

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：已经做好了充足的准备，Tony对即将到来的面试十分自信。考查非谓语动词的用法。句子的主语是make的执行者，make分词的完成式作状语表动作发生在谓语动词was confident之前，故选D。

　　15.The lecture

　　，a lively question­and­answer session followed.(2017·江苏，29)

　　A.being given

　　B.having given

　　C.to be given

　　D.having been given

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：演讲结束后，紧跟着是一个生动的互动环节。由于句中没有连词，故前半句要用独立主格结构，the lecture与give为被动关系，且动作发生在主句谓语动词follow之前，故选D项。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　(2015·湖南，A)

　　Forget Cyclists，Pedestrians Are Real Danger

　　We are having a debate about this topic.Here are some letters from our readers.

　　■Yes，many cyclists behave dangerously.Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists.But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.

　　People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone，quite unaware of what is going on around them.They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere.The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.

　　The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be，at least for the moment，in worlds of their own that are，to them，much more important than the welfare of others.

　　—Michael Horan

　　■I loved the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29).I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.

　　I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.

　　The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.

　　The police do nothing.What a laugh they are!

　　The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets，fluorescent (发荧光的) jackets and lights at night and in the morning.They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.

　　—Carol Harvey

　　■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians)，ride at speed along the pavements，and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.

　　I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.

　　Other road users，including horse riders，manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?

　　It’s about time they had to be registered and insured，so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle，or cause an accident，at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.

　　—JML

　　Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.

　　16.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that

　　.

　　A.drivers should be polite to cyclists

　　B.road accidents can actually be avoided

　　C.some pedestrians are a threat to road safety

　　D.walking while using phones hurts one’s eyes

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第一封信中的“But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.”可知，行人可能是最大的违规者，即行人是路上安全的威胁。

　　17.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should

　　.

　　A.be provided with enough roads

　　B.be asked to ride on their own lanes

　　C.be made to pay less tax for cycling

　　D.be fined for laughing at policemen

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二封信中的“The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets...”可知B项正确。

　　18.What is a complaint of JML?

　　A.Very few drivers are insured.

　　B.Cyclists ride fast on pavements.

　　C.Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.

　　D.Horse riders disrespect other road users.

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第三封信中的“Cyclists jump on and off pavements(which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.”可知B项正确。

　　19.The underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to “

　　”.

　　A.accidents

　　B.vehicles

　　C.pedestrians

　　D.cyclists

　　答案　D

　　解析　代词指代题。根据第三封信可知，不遵守交通规则的是cyclists，所以在文章最后作者建议改变的也是cyclists。

　　20.The three letters present viewpoints on

　　.

　　A.real sources of road dangers

　　B.ways to improve road facilities

　　C.measures to punish road offences

　　D.increased awareness of road rules

　　答案　A

　　解析　主旨大意题。根据文章的题目以及三封信的主要内容可知本文介绍的是关于路上危险的真正来源，故选A项。

　　Ⅲ.书面表达

　　阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　A new report launched by Beijing authorities on the morning of February 24 indicates that the concentration of PM 2.5 has risen，with no sign of decreasing，the orange warning will still be in effect，according to Xinhua News Agency.

　　According to data released by the Beijing Tourism website，by 2 pm，February 24，popular tourist attractions including the Great Wall and the Palace Museum had been affected by the smog in terms of tourist numbers.

　　As for the Palace Museum，the number of visitors was only 11,200 that day，far from the figure of 40,000，which is the daily average number of visitors it normally receives.

　　There were a few visitors in Beihai Park on the morning of February 24，and two visitors from Hebei Province planned to end their morning tour earlier than scheduled because of the smog.One of them said，“The visibility(能见度) is so poor that we can’t take good photos，or even see clearly.We’d better leave early.”

　　写作内容

　　1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

　　2.结合上述信息，用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：

　　(1)造成此现象的原因；

　　(2)提出你认为可行的解决方法和措施。

　　写作要求

　　1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

　　2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

　　3.不必写标题。

　　评分标准

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　参考范文

　　Hazy weather in Beijing seems to get more and more serious，which causes a sharp decrease in the number of tourists visiting Beijing’s famous places of interest.

　　What has resulted in the frequency of hazy weather？Air pollution is the main factor，in my opinion.Some factories don’t pay attention

　　to environmental protection when they produce products.Therefore，smoke from burning coal and all kinds of dust coming from factories are the most common causes of air pollution.Besides，exhaust emission from cars and buses has made the situation even worse.

　　In the face of such extreme weather，firstly，the government should take effective measures to control air pollution from factories.And all people should monitor them.The second is that we each should take public transportation as often as possible，because driving private cars less means less pollution and is more environment friendly.At last，all people should make a contribution to environmental protection，such as planting trees，saving water and energy.