2016届高考英语二轮语法强攻课件：状语从句

　　1. 状语从句的基本用法。 2. 引导状语从句的常见连词。 一、状语从句的类型及连词 二、状语从句中的引导词 1. while

　　while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词（如stay, wait, live等），而不能是非延续性动词。如：

　　Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.

　　while引导让步状语从句时，相当于although / though / as，但while / although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装语序，though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，而as引导的让步状语从句则必须倒装。如：

　　While / Although / Though the bride is happy, she will feel homesick at the beginning.

　　Happy as the bride is, she will feel homesick at the beginning. 2. until和till

　　until和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till一般不用于句首，也不用于强调句中。

　　until / till从句与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语必须是延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直持续到until / till所表示的时间为止。如：

　　You may stay here until the rain stops.

　　Mr. Bush remained there till his brother arrived.

　　until / till从句与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语是非延续性动词，表示“直到……才”，即主句的动作到until / till所表示的时间才开始。如：

　　David won’t go to bed until / till his wife returns.

　　Leo didn’t come until he had gone over his lesson.

　　not until位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。如：

　　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

　　not until结构可用于强调句中。如：

　　It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed. 3. when

　　when引导时间状语从句时，从句的动作既可与主句的动作同时发生，也可先后发生。如：

　　When we were at school, we went to the library every day.

　　When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up.

　　when可以引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。如：

　　How can we explain it to you when you won’t listen?

　　when可以作并列连词，意为“正在那时，突然”，此时所引导的从句只能放在主句之后。如：

　　We were swimming in the lake when suddenly the storm started.

　　4. as

　　as可以引导时间状语从句，其动作是延续性的，表示“当……时，随着”。

　　The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.

　　as可以引导原因状语从句，一般放在句首，表示十分明显的原因。如：

　　As it is raining, we shall not go camping.

　　as可以引导让步状语从句, 通常用倒装结构。具体情况如下：

　　形容词或副词+ as +主语+系动词be或实义动词。

　　如: Much as I like it, I won’t buy.

　　名词+ as +主语+系动词（句首的名词前多不带冠词）。如：

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　实义动词+ as +主语+助动词（如果没有助动词, 则要加上do, does或did）。如：

　　Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.

　　5. no sooner ... than ..., hardly / scarcely ... when ...

　　no sooner ... than ...和hardly / scarcely ... when ...引导的从句表示“一……就……，刚……就……”的含义。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时。no sooner, hardly位于句首时, 主句的主谓语要部分倒装。如：

　　The words had no sooner been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.

　　I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

　　No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.

　　Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

　　6. 由“疑问词-ever”构成的复合词与“no matter +

　　疑问词”

　　由“疑问词-ever”构成的复合词可以引导让步状语从句。此时以-ever结尾的复合词在口语中可由“no matter +疑问词”代替。如：

　　I’ve told you that I’m going to buy that pen, however much it costs. = ..., no matter how much it costs.

　　Don’t trust him, whatever he says. = ..., no matter what he says. 在含状语从句的复合句中，主、从句通常根据实际时间关系来确定动词的时态，但有一点需要注意：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或由“疑问词-ever”、“no matter +疑问词”等引导的让步状语从句中，可以用一般现在时表将来。下面就状语从句考点进行归纳总结。 一、时间状语从句 【考例】

　　It was the middle of the night _____ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.

　　A. that

　　B. as

　　C. which

　　D. when

　　二、地点状语从句

　　where在地点状语从句中，除了指地点外，还可指处境等。

　　由where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示（抽象）地点或处所的名词作先行词，而状语从句前没有先行词。 【考例】 Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi _____ the bus had dropped her.

　　A. until

　　B. when

　　C. although

　　D. where 2. Many countries are now setting up national parks _____ animals and plants can be protected.

　　A. when

　　B. which

　　C. whose

　　D. where

　　三、原因状语从句

　　引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because, since, as, now (that)等。它们的用法区别是：because语气最强，述说直接原因，说明因果关系，常回答以why开头的问句；since, as和now (that)引导的从句用法相似，表示双方都知道的原因。 【考例】

　　—Coach, can I continue with the training?

　　—Sorry, you can’t _____ you haven’t recovered

　　from the knee injury.

　　A. until

　　B. before

　　C. as

　　D. unless 四、让步状语从句 【考例】

　　_____ the forest park is far away, a lot of

　　tourists visit it every year.

　　A. As

　　B. When

　　C. Even though

　　D. In case 五、目的状语从句 【考例】

　　Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _____ she could stay home and raise her family.

　　A. now that

　　B. as if

　　C. only if

　　D. so that 六、结果状语从句

　　so ... that和such ... that表示“如此……以致于”, so后面接形容词或副词， such后面接名词。但名词前有many, much, few, little这些词修饰时, 要用so。“such + a(n) + adj. +单数名词+ that”可转换成“so + adj. + a(n) +单数名词+ that”。

　　【考例】The weather was _____ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.

　　A. really

　　B. such

　　C. too

　　D. so 七、条件状语从句

　　【考例】

　　You will never gain success _____ you are fully

　　devoted to your work.

　　A. when

　　B. because

　　C. after

　　D. unless 八、方式状语从句

　　引导方式状语从句的常用连词有as, as if / though。as if / though引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。如果从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是事实时，就要用陈述语气。

　　【考例】Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _____ he had done something very clever.

　　A. as if

　　B. in case

　　C. while

　　D. though 九、比较状语从句

　　含as ... as ...的比较状语从句用在同级比较中, 若表否定用not so / as ... as ...。其中第一个so / as是副词, 修饰主句的形容词或副词的原形，后一个as是连词, 引导比较状语从句。

　　【考例】I have seldom seen my mother _____ pleased with my progress as she is now.

　　A. so

　　B. very

　　C. too

　　D. rather