2017届高考英语一轮复习语法训练：第十一讲 非谓语动词（北师大版）

　　第十一讲非谓语动词

　　单句语法填空

　　1．(2015·全国卷语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　2．(2015·全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.

　　3．(2015·全国卷语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.

　　4．(2015·全国卷语法填空)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to_cool (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

　　5．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees to_sell (sell) the wood.

　　6．(2017·全国卷语法填空)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being (be) late for school.

　　7．(2017·全国卷语法填空)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.

　　8．(2017·全国卷语法填空)Still, the boy kept riding (ride)．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.

　　一、非谓语动词的形式及意义

　　非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义

　　不定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生

　　进行式 to be doing

　　不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生

　　完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前

　　现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生

　　完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生

　　过去分词 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成

　　I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term.

　　本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成。

　　②Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.

　　人们一致认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。

　　③No harm seems to have been done.

　　似乎并没有造成伤害。

　　④Do you mind being interrupted while studying?

　　你介意学习时被打扰吗？

　　⑤(2017·江西高考单选改编)Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.

　　我们几乎花光了所有的钱，所以无法支付住宾馆的费用。

　　⑥Given enough time, we are sure to do it well.

　　如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。

　　二、非谓语动词的用法

　　(一)非谓语动词作状语的用法

　　1．不定式作状语

　　(1)作目的状语

　　不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。

　　①To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.

　　为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。

　　②The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.

　　公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。

　　(2)作结果状语

　　不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。

　　Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.

　　汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。

　　(3)作原因状语

　　①常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词(过去分词)＋to do”结构中。

　　形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。

　　We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.

　　令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。

　　②常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。

　　这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.

　　这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。

　　2．分词作状语

　　分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。

　　(1)作时间状语相当于when, while, before, since, as引导的时间状语从句。

　　Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

　　＝When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different order.

　　被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。

　　(2)作原因状语相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。

　　①Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.

　　＝Because he didn't understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.

　　因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。

　　②Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.

　　＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.

　　由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。

　　(3)作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。

　　Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.

　　＝If I'm given another hour, I can also work out the problem.

　　如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。

　　(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。

　　More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

　　中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。

　　(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。

　　One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.

　　＝One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.

　　一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。

　　(6)作让步状语相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。

　　Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

　　＝Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

　　虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。

　　3．独立主格结构作状语

　　独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。

　　(1)逻辑主语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词

　　①So many children to support, they both have to work full time.

　　有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。

　　②The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

　　向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。

　　③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.

　　吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。

　　④There being no bus, we had to walk home.

　　由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

　　⑤It being Sunday, I didn't need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 am.

　　因为是周日，我不必早起，所以一直睡到早上九点。

　　(2)with/without＋复合宾语

　　“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。

　　①I couldn't do my homework with all that noise going on.

　　由于噪音不断我做不了作业。

　　②It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.

　　真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，作品尚未完成。

　　③The girl feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.

　　有这么多的名胜可以参观，小女孩很兴奋。

　　(二)非谓语动词作定语的用法

　　1．不定式作定语

　　(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。

　　The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.

　　将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。

　　(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。

　　He has no pen to write with.

　　他没有钢笔写字。

　　(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。

　　He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.

　　他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。

　　(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。

　　The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.

　　表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。

　　2．分词作定语

　　(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语

　　作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。

　　①The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.(2015·北京高考单选)

　　公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)

　　②We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

　　我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)

　　③The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.

　　人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)

　　(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语

　　作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。

　　falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)

　　fallen leaves落叶(表完成)

　　3．动名词作定语

　　动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。

　　a walking stick拐杖a reading room阅览室

　　a sleeping car卧铺车

　　(三)非谓语动词作宾语的用法

　　1．只能用不定式作宾语的动词

　　下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：

　　决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

　　主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

　　decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。

　　此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。

　　My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.

　　我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。

　　2．只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语

　　下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：

　　考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider， suggest/advise， look forward to， excuse/pardon； admit， delay/put off， fancy 想象，设想； avoid， miss， keep/keep on， practice； deny， finish， enjoy/appreciate； forbid， imagine， risk； can't help 禁不住， mind， allow/permit， escape。

　　此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：

　　be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank ...for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), look forward to。

　　①We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.

　　我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。

　　②My mother couldn't help smiling when she heard the good news.

　　听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。

　　3．既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语

　　下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：

　　后接不定式 后接动名词

　　regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事

　　forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事

　　remember to do sth.记得要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事

　　mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事

　　try to do sth.努力/企图做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事

　　can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事

　　①I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.

　　我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。

　　②Missing this train means waiting for another hour.

　　错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。

　　(四)非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法

　　1．不定式作宾语补足语

　　有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋sb.＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：

　　advise建议 allow允许 ask询问；要求

　　beg乞求 cause导致

　　encourage鼓励

　　expect期望

　　forbid禁止

　　force强迫

　　intend意欲

　　invite邀请

　　order订购

　　persuade说服

　　prefer喜爱

　　require需要

　　teach教

　　remind提醒

　　tell告诉

　　want想要

　　warn警告

　　wish想要

　　wait for等待

　　depend on依靠

　　call on号召；要求

　　①The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.

　　医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。

　　②He depends on you to help him with his English.

　　他指望你帮助他学英语。

　　2．分词作宾语补足语

　　(1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。

　　They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.

　　他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。

　　(2)过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。

　　He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.

　　他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。

　　3．非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补

　　(1)感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, notice等的宾补有以下形式(以see为例)：

　　①see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事

　　I saw him leave a few minutes ago.

　　我看见他几分钟前离开了。

　　②see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事

　　The suspect was seen entering the building.

　　有人看见疑犯进入了大楼。

　　③see sb./sth. done看见某人/某物被……

　　Back from his two­year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.(2015·陕西高考单选)

　　在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。

　　(2)常见的使役动词有四个：have, make, let, get，表示“使，让”的含义。

　　①have/make/let sb. do sth.以及get sb. to do sth.表示“让/使某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。

　　The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.

　　＝The teacher got some students to stay in the classroom after school.

　　放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　　make用于被动语态时，其后要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。

　　He was made to work day and night.

　　他被迫日夜工作。

　　—————————————————————————————————————②have/get＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事

　　He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.

　　他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　　have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中，常与can't, won't等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。

　　I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.

　　我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 　

　　—————————————————————————————————————③have/get/make＋宾语＋done让……被……/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)

　　I'll have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.

　　我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。

　　He had his wallet stolen on his way home.

　　在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。

　　(五)非谓语动词作主语和表语的用法

　　1．不定式作主语和表语

　　(1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。

　　①To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.

　　上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。

　　②It is not easy to find your way around the town.

　　在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。

　　(2)不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。

　　①His wish is to be a doctor in the future.

　　他的愿望是将来当一名医生。

　　②My job is to clean the rooms every day.

　　我的工作是每天打扫房间。

　　2．动名词作主语和表语

　　(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing ...；It's no use/good doing ...；It is useless ... doing ...；There is no ...等中。

　　①Knowing basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

　　掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。

　　②It is no use complaining without taking action.

　　不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。

　　③There is no joking about such serious matters.

　　这样严肃的事开不得玩笑。

　　(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。

　　Our job is playing all kinds of music.

　　我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。

　　[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点]

　　①(2015·浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.

　　②(2016·日照一模)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. ①sit→sitting

　　②sing→singing (1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用

　　句中已经有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。

　　①(2017·陕西高考)Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.

　　②(2017·浙江高考)I am awfully tiring, but I know I'll never fall asleep. ①Felt→Feeling

　　②tiring→tired (2)过去分词与现在分词的错用

　　①现在分词表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成；

　　②现在分词转化的形容词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物；而过去分词转化的形容词表示“感到……的”，常修饰人。

　　(2017·四川高考)Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asked me to let her to copy my answers. 去掉 let_her后的to (3)不定式符号to的多余

　　在感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

　　(2015·四川高考)It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. 在want后加to (4)不定式符号to的缺失

　　有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的动词不定式作宾语。

　　①(2017·辽宁高考)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.

　　②(2016·太原市高三第二学段测评)I am looking forward to see you. ①understanding

　　→understand

　　②see→seeing (5)对to是介词还是不定式符号的误判

　　不定式符号to后接动词原形，另外应特别注意含有介词to的短语，如look forward to, get used to, the key to等，它们后跟动词时需用动词的­ing形式。

　　Ⅰ.单句语法填空

　　1．(2016·河北衡水中学二模)If you hand in your homework late, attach a note explaining

　　(explain) the reason for the delay.

　　2．(2016·海口二模)Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team owned (own) by his father. Even as a young boy, he did very well.

　　3．(2016·曲阜市三校模拟)To_save (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.

　　4．(2016·枣庄模拟)Mr. Wood's anger disappeared then and there. He said, “I'd better go and get changed (change)．” Minutes later, he returned, properly dressed, only to find that the party was nearly over.

　　5．(2016·海口二模)The clubs in Argentina couldn't help him, but the famous Barcelona club in Spain offered to_accept (accept) Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.

　　6．(2016·烟台模拟)He hurried to the train station, only to_find (find) the train had left.

　　7．(2016·济南模拟)A major accident in southern Sweden happened today. It's reported that this afternoon a ship crashed into a bridge. Unluckily, seven cars and six trucks are said to_have_fallen (fall) into the water.

　　8．(2016·南昌二中模拟)When he left, he said to me, “I'm sorry to_have_troubled (trouble) you so much.”

　　9．(2016·日照模拟)The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.

　　10．(2016·大连一模)At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed (notice)．

　　11．(2016·银川二中模拟)Being_surrounded (surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction.

　　12．(2016·山东省实验中学二模)Shirley Chisholm is known as the first black woman elected to the United States Congress and the first black woman to_run (run) for president of the United States.

　　13．(2016·太原五中阶段检测)Scientists have discovered that staying (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.

　　14．(2016·青岛市高三自主诊断)It's never foolish to_acknowledge (acknowledge) you are in the wrong. Being humans, we all need the art of apology.

　　15．(2016·郑州二模)Firstly, you should consider dividing (divide) them into different groups — who are the people you don't know well but see pretty much daily.

　　16．(2016·长春市第二次调研)While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises made (make) by Mlaika after sunset.

　　17．(2016·吉林省实验中学模拟)He appreciated being_given (give) a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.

　　18．(2016·平顶山模拟)You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed (fix) upon me.

　　19．(2016·大连高三一模)With a lot of work to_do (do), she wasn't allowed to leave her office.

　　20．(2016·烟台一模)I got to the office earlier that day, having_caught (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1．(2017·四川高考短文改错)Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good

　　person.teach→teaching

　　2．(2011·四川高考短文改错)The man did as told and slept really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off.wake→waking

　　3．(2011·辽宁高考短文改错)The commanding officer, Wayne Tyler, who is directly responsible for the study of all such reports, decided to making his findings known.

　　making→make

　　4．(2011·辽宁高考短文改错)Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings, though the rate remained above the previous level.Follow→Following

　　5.(2011·陕西高考短文改错)Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actors. make→making

　　6．(2011·大纲卷Ⅱ短文改错)My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying

　　another couple of days.staying→stay

　　7．(2011·全国卷短文改错) I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.buy→buying

　　8．(2011·重庆高考短文改错)With the help of Katia, a roommate of mine, I've soon got used to live without my parents around.live_→living

　　9．(2016·东北三校联考)About half an hour later, the driver returned the camera.Both of us were grateful to the driver, and Tim, in particular, insisted on have a photo taken with him.have→having

　　10．(2016·海口调研测试一)Classes teaching in English provide students with a better environment.teaching→taught

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　(2016·河南三市第二次联考)As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past few __1__ (century), a new electrical generating and transmission system for the 21st century will leave a __2__ (last) mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but __3__ the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will __4__ (lay) down to move electricity around.

　　Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in __5__ West. This is not an argument against __6__ (build) them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of __7__， we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily __8__ we can now.

　　So balance will have to __9__ (make). Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move or will be __10__ (careful) moved to special accommodation. Measures will be taken to reduce the immediate effects.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。对比高速公路、铁路的建设对美国西部的影响，作者探讨了可替代能源建设将对该地区产生的影响，建议建设中要审慎。

　　1．centuries　空格前的“few”用于修饰可数名词复数，故空格处应用century的复数形式centuries。

　　2．lasting　根据空格前的冠词“a”和空格后的名词“mark”可推知，空格处作定语，修饰名词。故用last的形容词形式lasting。

　　3．in　in the ways为固定搭配，意为“以这些方式”，符合语境。故填in。

　　4．be laid　因该句主语“power lines”和空格处所填动词的被动语态之间为被动关系。故填be laid。

　　5．the　the West为专有名词，意为“西部，西方”。故填定冠词the。

　　6．building　空格前的“against”为介词，介词后应接名词、动名词或代词。故用build的动名词形式building。

　　7．it　分析该句结构可知，空格处代指该句中的“alternative energy”，作介词of的宾语。故用it。

　　8．than　根据该句中的“far more”可知，此处表示比较的概念，空格处填比较级标志词than；far more than为固定搭配，意为“远超过……”，符合语境。

　　9．be made　该句主语为“balance”，和动词“make”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据空格前的“will have to”可知，空格处应用be动词的原形。故填be made。

　　10．carefully　分析该句结构可知，空格处修饰动词“moved”，应用副词。故填careful的副词形式carefully。

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　(2016·吉林省实验中学第五次模拟)I should be very pleasant if you could come to my home and stay us for a few days in the summer holidays. My native village is much beautiful. I can imagine the time when we are going to spend together. Every morning they should take a walk in the neighboring hills, which we can enjoy the fresh air and sweet songs sung by the birds. In the afternoon, we shall go for swim in the river. At night we shall sit in the yard, chatting and observe the stars in the sky. Please let me know how you think about the plan. I do look forward to your coming my home.

　　答案：第一句：pleasant→pleased; stay后加with

　　第二句：much→very

　　第三句：when→that/which或去掉when

　　第四句：they→we; which→where

　　第五句：swim前加a

　　第六句：observe→observing

　　第七句：how→what

　　第八句：coming后加to