2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专练课件：7 形容词和副词（牛津译林版）

　　1.最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。如: The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 2.否定+比较级=最高级。如: There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。 易混点总结　高考常考易混点 三、最高级 1....times+as+形容词/副词原级+as... 2....times+形容词/副词比较级+than... 3....times+the+性质名词+of... 4.The+名词+be+...times+what从句 5.The+名词+be+...times+that/those of... 如:At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. =At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain. =At a rough estimate,Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算,尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的3倍。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. =The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 一、表示倍数的几个句型 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的汽车是上一年的两倍。 二、表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系 修饰可数名词:(a)few;fewer;(the)fewest;several;(a good)many;a(great/large/small)number of;hundreds of;dozens of;scores of;thousands of 等。 修饰不可数名词:a bit of;(a)little;less;a great deal of;a large amount of;(the)least;much 等。 修饰可数或不可数名词:all;a lot of;lots of;enough;plenty of;a large quantity of;large quantities of;more;most;some;any;masses of等。如: We received a good many offers of support. 我们得到了许多支持。

　　Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 许多外国公司已在此设厂。 Quantities of food were spread out on the table. 许多食品被摊在桌子上。 三、下列形容词作表语时,通常不用“人”作主语。它们是:possible,impossi-ble,probable,necessary,convenient,inconvenient。如: (√)It is probable that it will rain today.(第一个it是形式主语,第二个it指天气) (✕)It is probable to rain today. (√)It is likely to rain today.(it 指天气) (√)It is not convenient to work at weekends. (✕)Please come here if you are convenient. (√)You can go there if it is necessary. (✕)You can go there if you are necessary. 四、几组易混形容词、副词的比较 1.too much,much too too much=much许多;much too=too太 The teacher gave us too much homework today. 今天老师给我们留的作业太多了。 I am much too pleased to see you. 见到您,我太高兴了。 2.nearly,almost,hardly (1)almost 可以与any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配,但nearly 却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any,hardly anybody 来代替almost no,almost no-body。如: Almost no one came to the party. =Hardly anybody came to the party.

　　几乎没人来参加这个聚会。 You can find the meaning of almost any word here.

　　在这里你可以找到几乎任何一个词的意义。

　　(2)否定词not 可放在nearly 之前,构成not nearly结构,意为“一点儿也不,相差甚远”,但没有not almost结构。如: She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.

　　她一点儿也没有她妹妹漂亮。 (3)almost 和nearly 都可用于表示极端之意的形容词前,但却不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词。如: That is a(n) almost/nearly perfect plan.

　　那几乎是一个完美之计。 3.fairly,quite,rather,very,pretty (1)这几个词均为副词,可以修饰形容词或另外一个副词,但表达的程度不同,这些词语气的轻重如下: fairly→quite→rather/pretty→very (2)fairly语气最轻,尽管经常与褒义词连用,但由于语气较弱,往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏,通常译为“还算”、“相当”。比如要说某部电影 fairly good,指的可能是还勉强过得去,只是没有否定。 (3)quite语气稍重,意为“颇”或“相当”。要是说某一部电影quite good,那是说这部电影相当不错,虽不是最好,但至少值得看。 (4)rather或pretty在语气上又稍重一点,意为“十分”或“相当”(pretty不如rather 正式)。要是说某一部电影rather/pretty good,指的是这部电影相当不错,语气比较重,意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料的好。两者均可与褒义或贬义形容词连用。与褒义词连用,表示一种愉快的心情,与贬义(包括不褒不贬)词连用,表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。如: a rather/pretty good play 一部相当好的戏 rather/pretty poor work 相当差的工作 (5)very语气最强,意为“很”或“非常”。要是说某一部电影very good,那是说这部电影很不错,算得上是精品之作。 (6)这几个词中,只有rather可以与比较级以及副词too(太)连用。如: It's rather warmer today.今天暖和多了。 This one is rather too large.这个太大了。 注:quite 有时也与比较级连用,但通常只用于 quite better(身体好)这一表达中。 (7)rather和quite有时可直接修饰动词,而其他几个副词一般不这样用。如: I quite agree with you.我完全同意你(的意见)。 We rather like the book.我们很喜欢这本书。 (8)quite与“冠词+形容词+名词”连用时,置于冠词之前。但遇到类似情况,rather可置于冠词之前,也可置于冠词之后;very或fairly 则只能放在冠词之后(形容词之前)。如: It's quite/rather a good idea./It's a rather good idea. 那可真是个好主意。 注:若此结构中没有形容词,rather只能放在冠词之前。如: It was rather a success.那件事相当成功。 (9)修饰不可分级的形容词(如:right,wrong,ready,full,empty,perfect,impossible,alone,unique 等)通常只用 quite,此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”,而表示“完全”。如: You're quite right/wrong.你完全正确/错了。 That's quite impossible.那完全不可能。 4.possible,probable,likely (1)意义上的区别: possible指客观上的可能性,但往往含有希望很小的意味; probable比possible可能性大,表“很可能、大概”,指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理; likely是从外表迹象进行判断,有可能发生某事。如: It is possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来,但也不一定准会来。 The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. 他失败大概是因为他太累了。 He is very likely to ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能给我打电话。 (2)句型上的不同: ①It is possible/probable/likely+that从句 ②It is possible(for sb.)to do sth. ③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth. 5.具有两种形式的副词 英语中有的副词兼有两种形式:一种是与形容词同形;另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀-ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异,有的甚至完全不同。 常见的这类副词有:firm坚信、坚持,firmly坚固地;direct径直地,directly恰好、直接、坦率地;free自由地、免费地,freely自由自在地、随便地;flat平直地,flat-ly斩钉截铁地;short突然(=suddenly),shortly不久;even甚至,evenly平均地;clean完全地、彻底地,cleanly清洁地、干净利落地;clear隔开地、不接触地,clearly清晰地、明显地;close近地,closely紧密地、仔细地;dead极其地、完全地,dead-ly死一般地、非常;fair公平地、公正地,fairly相当地;hard努力地,hardly几乎没有、几乎不;most最,mostly大部分地、主要地;right直接地、径直地、立即,rightly合理地、正确地;high高高地,highly很、非常;just正好,justly公正地;late迟、晚,lately最近;near近,nearly几乎;pretty相当地,prettily优美地;sharp突然地、急剧地,sharply严厉地。如: I clean forgot to ask her.我完全忘记去问她了。 Jack caught the ball cleanly.杰克干净利落地接住了球。 He lives close to the village.他住得离那个村庄很近。 We must look closely at the problems. 我们必须仔细地审视这些问题。 After a day's hard work,he was dead tired. 辛勤工作一天后,他筋疲力尽。 The book is deadly dull.这本书非常枯燥。 The birds are flying high.鸟儿正在高飞。 He is a highly skilled worker.他是一个非常熟练的工人。 He has been working late.他一直工作到很晚。 I haven't seen him lately.我最近没见他。 The film director is pretty known.这个电影导演非常出名。 We are prettily dressed.我们穿得很漂亮。 The road turns sharp to the right.这条路突然向右转。 “Is there a problem?”he asked sharply. “有问题吗?”他厉声喝问。 五、易混句型的区别 1.so...that与such...that so...that和such...that都作“如此……以至于……”讲,that引导的是结果状语从句。常见句型如下: so+形容词/副词+that such+ +that such...that和so...that有时可以换用,条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词,且该名词前还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下: such+a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。如: He is such a good student that we all like him. He is so good a student that we all like him. 他是一个如此好的学生,以至于我们都喜欢他。 但是如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词,则只能用such而不能用so修饰。如: It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home. 天气如此不好以至于他不得不待在家里。 如果复数名词前有many,few,不可数名词前有much,little等表示数量的形容词时,应该用so而不用such。如: I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over. 我摔了很多次,以至于全身青一块紫一块的。 Mr.White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul to-gether. 怀特先生一个月赚如此少的钱以至于几乎不能维持生活。 当little不表示数量少而表示“小”的意思时,用such。如: They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves. 他们是如此小的孩子,以至于他们不能自己打扫屋子。 2.其他常用句型: (1)  与其说A不如说B He is more lazy than slow at his work. 与其说他工作慢不如说他懒。 (2)no more...than...与……一样不……,不比……多…… The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们并不比皇帝看到的多。 no less...than...与……一样…… He is no less diligent than you. 他与你一样勤奋。 (3)more than不止是,非常 She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们都非常好。 (4)rather than而不是 He wants to go swimming with me rather than you. 他想和我而不是和你一起去游泳。 (5)other than除……外 You can't reach the village other than by boat. 除了坐船外,你不能到达这个村庄。 高频考点一　形容词和副词基本意思的考查 在传统的单项填空题型中,对形容词和副词基本意思的考查,主要是命题者设计一个科学的切合实际生活的题干,要求考生对所给四个选项中的形容词或副词意思掌握准确,做出正确的选择。在新的语法填空题型中,要求考生根据语境并结合句子结构去判断设空处到底需要形容词形式还是副词形式。修饰名词时就要用形容词形式,注意两个并列形容词表示主语状态的现象。如果修饰句子的谓语动词就要用副词形式。 考点清单 典例1    (2015福建,23)It was     (consider)of Michael to inform us of his de-lay in case we got worried.  答案　considerate  解析　句意:迈克尔考虑得非常周到,他告诉我们他将耽搁一些时间,以防我 们担心。considerate考虑周到的。 典例2    (2015湖北,29)The girl used to be shy,but is     (gradual)getting ac-tive in group work and is more willing to express herself.  答案　gradually  解析　句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但是她逐渐变得积极参加集体活动了,也 更愿意表达自己了。设空处需用副词作状语。gradually慢慢地,逐渐地。     高频考点二　形容词和副词的比较等级 1.平级比较 as+形容词/副词原级+as...像……一样…… as+adj.+a/an+名词+as...像……一样的…… as much+a/an+名词+as...和……一样是…… not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as...不如……那样…… 2.比较级   3.最高级 最高级的常见修饰语有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost等。 典例3    (2015四川,7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the    (good)he has ever got.  答案　best  解析　句意:Andy对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到过的最好的。“It is+the+ 形容词最高级+sb.has/have done”为固定句型。   高频考点三　倍数表示法   典例4    (2017安徽,33)It's said that the power plant is now twice    large as what it was.  答案　as  解析　句意:据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。倍数表达法有三种:① 倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as;②倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than;③倍数+the+性质名词+of。   高频考点四　常用连接性副词

　　1.though作副词时,常在句末,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折意义。 2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。 3.meanwhile“与此同时,在此期间”,表示前后句的动作同时发生。 4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。 5.however“然而”,表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。 6.besides“而且;还有”,表示递进关系。 7.instead“相反”,表示前后句意义相反。

　　8.anyway/anyhow意为“尽管,即使这样”,表示转折。 9.rather 意为“相反,而是”。 典例5    (2017安徽,33)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,    ,supply more jobs.  答案　therefore  解析　句意:我们希望我们能在市场上发挥更大的作用,这样就能提供更多 的工作岗位。根据句意可知前后是逻辑上的因果关系,故答案为therefore。   知识清单一　形容词和副词的基本用法 一、复合形容词的构成 1.副词词干+现在分词,如:hard-working勤劳的 2.名词词干+过去分词,如:man-made人造的 3.名词词干+现在分词,如:time-consuming耗时的 4.名词词干+形容词,如:world-famous世界闻名的 5.数词词干+名词,如:five-star五星级的 6.数词词干+名词-ed,如:three-legged三条腿的 7.数词词干+名词+形容词,如:five-year-old 5岁的 8.形容词词干+过去分词,如:ready-made现成的 9.形容词词干+名词-ed,如:kind-hearted好心的 知识清单 10.形容词词干+现在分词,如:ordinary-looking相貌一般的 11.形容词词干+形容词,如:red-hot炽热的 二、以-ly结尾的形容词 1.常见的有:costly,cowardly,deadly,friendly,likely,lively,lonely,lovely,silly,un-likely。如: She smiled in a friendly way.她友好地微微一笑。 He gave a silly laugh.他傻笑了一阵。 2.daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early和leisurely既是形容词,也是副词。如: It's a daily paper.这是一份日报。 It comes out daily.它天天出版。 It's an early train.这是一趟早班火车。 I got up early.我起得早。 三、形容词的位置 一般情况下,形容词作定语放在被修饰词前。但在下列情况下,形容词要放在被修饰词后面。 1.形容词作定语修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-和-body,-thing,-one等构成的复合不定代词时,需后置。如: There is nobody absent today.今天没有人缺席。 Is there anything wrong with your car? 你的汽车出什么毛病了吗? 2.以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可置于由形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词后面。如: That is the best book available. 那是可用的最好的一本书。 That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解决方法。 3.成对的形容词需后置。如: There was a huge room,simple and beautiful. 有一个大房间,简朴而漂亮。 She has many pencils,blue and red. 她有许多铅笔,有蓝的和红的。 4.当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时,需后置。如: The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 老师问了我一个太难而无法回答的问题。 A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。 5.当old,long,high,wide,deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时,需后置。如: At that time she was only a girl five years old. 那时,她只是一个五岁的小女孩。 Yesterday,I saw a snake about a meter long. 昨天,我看到一条大约一米长的蛇。 6.英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语,也可以作后置定语,但意义不同,常见的有:present(现在的/在场的),responsible(可信赖的/应负责的),concerned(忧心忡忡的/有关的),involved(复杂难懂的/相关的),absent(心不在焉的/缺席的)。如:         四、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 当两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如:a small wonderful gift。 常用的顺序为:限定词(these,those)+数词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)。 为了方便记忆,不妨试试如下口诀: 限定描述大长高,形状年龄与新老; 颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。 记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读,多体会,增强语感。如: all these last few days 最近的这些日子 a light blue silk skirt 一条浅蓝色丝裙 the first/last two paragraphs 最前/最后两段 another three English books 另外三本英语书 some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花 an old brown woolen carpet 一件旧的棕色羊毛毯 an expensive purple cotton dress 一件昂贵的紫色棉衣 五、表语形容词 表语形容词(如:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,afloat,well,sorry,unable,worth,sure)并非只能作表语,它们还可以作补足语,有的还可作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。如: To my surprise,the driver is still alive after the traffic accident. 令我惊讶的是,交通事故发生后,司机还活着。 She was the only person awake that night. 她是那天晚上唯一一个醒着的人。 六、形容词(短语)作状语 形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表达动作的方式。如: He returned home,safe and sound. 他回到了家,安然无恙。 The goat rolled over,dead. 山羊翻了个身,死了。 He is standing there,full of fear. 他站在那里,充满了恐惧。 七、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。如: Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是,他没被淹死,被中国人民解放军救了。

　　Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her. 使她高兴的是,她的继母对她很好。

　　Obviously,your answer is absolutely wrong. 很显然,你的答案绝对错了。

　　Naturally,you want to discuss this problem with your parents. 很自然,你想和你的父母商量一下此事。 八、副词enough的用法 1.enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如: Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 足够勇敢参加这次探险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能。 Strangely enough,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. 很奇怪,一些著名的科学家具有细心和粗心双重特点。 2.cannot与enough连用,表示“再……也不为过”。如: You cannot be careful enough.你再细心也不为过。 注意:enough的此种用法还可用“cannot/can never...too...”表达。如: —Mary,look,what did I find? —Oh,my lost key?I can't thank you too much.(=I can't thank you much enough.) ——玛丽,你看,我找到什么了? ——噢,我丢失的钥匙?太感谢你了。 —I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down. —You can never be too careful in the street. ——我正沿着大街骑车,突然一辆汽车横插过来,把我撞倒了。 ——在大街上,你再小心也不为过。 九、熟记下列有关形容词、副词的固定搭配 He's dead/blind drunk(=very drunk).他喝得酩酊大醉。 He's wide awake.他完全没有睡意。 It's raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下得很大。 He's sound/fast asleep.他睡得很沉。 He's moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily. 他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。 The traffic/His moustache is heavy. 交通拥挤/他的胡子浓密。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的多。 The price of the book is high/low.(=The book is expensive/cheap.)这本书的价格很高/低。(这本书很贵/便宜。) They are very much alike. 他们非常相像。 They are much afraid to go out alone at night. 他们很害怕晚上单独出去。 The hall was nowhere near full.(=The hall was not anywhere near full.)那个大厅远未满座。 十、有些连词也可以作副词,但作副词时,常放在句末。如:though,(ever)since,in case等。如: She promised to phone.I heard nothing,though. =Though she promised to phone,I heard nothing. 她答应要打电话来,可我没听到回信儿。 He is old.He works hard,though. =Though he is old,he works hard. 他虽然年事已高,但他工作还是很努力。 He came to this school in 1988.He has been working here ever since.=He has been working here since he came to this school in 1988. 1988年他来到了这个学校。自那时起,他一直在这里工作。 知识清单二　形容词和副词的比较等级 一、平级比较 1.用as...as...,not...as/so...as...引导。如: Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is). =Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is). Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。 Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. Henry的书不如我的多。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。 2.as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如:

　　The building is as tall as 100 meters. =The building is 100 meters tall. 这幢楼有100米高。 3.貌似平级比较结构的一些习惯用语 英语中有些看似是平级的比较结构,实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语,它们是:as long as只要;as far as远至某地点,就……而言;as soon as 一……就;as well as既……又;as good as(=very nearly)与……几乎一样,几乎,简直是。如: I will work as long as I live. 只要活着,我就要工作。 As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 据我所知,他是一个可靠的人。 The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $ 400. 在那个国家里平均一天的住院费用可高达400美元。 He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知识又有经验。(注意此句翻译的顺序) He as good as called me a coward. 他无异于说我是个懦夫。 She is as good as her word.她这个人很讲信用。 He saw her off as far as the bridge near the village. 他把她送到了村边的小桥那里。 二、比较级 1.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,three times等。如: The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前更努力了。 2.“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,越……”。如: The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多,挣的钱越多。 The more you talked,the less attention he paid to you. 你说得越多,他越不注意听你讲。 The longer you stay,the better(it will be). 你待的时间越长越好。 3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如: The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这座新城市变得越来越美丽了。 4.“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两个……中较……的”。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。 5.用介词by表示相差的程度。如: She is taller than I by three inches. =She is three inches taller than I. 她比我高3英寸。 6.某人的两种性质的比较,用more...than...结构,意为“与其……不如……”。如: —Ann acts quite unfriendly. —I think she's more shy than unfriendly.(more shy不可变为shyer) ——安表现得很不友好。 ——我认为与其说她不友好,不如说她害羞。 7.比较的对象不能相互包含,常见的句型是: 比较级+than+ 

　　如: The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. 密西西比河比美国其他任何一条河都长。 China is larger than  8.比较的对象应该相同。如: The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 这里的气候比上海的暖和。 The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory. 我们厂生产的收音机比你们厂生产的好。 9.注意比较结构中的省略现象 在日常交际中,彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。如: —What do you think of the film? —I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film) Tom's composition,if not better(后边省略了than Jack's),is at least as good as Jack's. 这种省略现象给考生正确判断造成一定的障碍,在高考中出现频率较高,应引起足够的重视。 10.貌似比较级的一些习惯用语 In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 只有在英国,人们才能在一天中体验四个季节。(no...other than只有,正是。它常用来加强语气,多用于书面语)

　　More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert. 不止给一个学生发了音乐会的票。 His whole school education added up to no more than(=only)one year. 他所受过的全部学校教育加起来仅仅一年。 He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 他宁愿待在家里,也不愿意去看电影。 Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。 He is far more pleased at the news. 听到那个消息,他极其高兴。

　　The work is more or less(=almost)finished. 这项工作几乎完成了。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(=A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.) 鲸不是鱼,正如马不是鱼一样。