2017届高考英语一轮复习单元训练：5.2《The United Kingdom》（新人教版含解析）

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)

　　A

　　[2015·哈六中期中考试]Life is so much simpler these days. Everything revolves around a single button! With the introduction of washing machines, washing clothes became easier. The machines would dry clothes at least 70 to 80 percent and already half­dried clothes would be done in no time. Do you want to know how washing machines evolved?

　　The first washing machine was called the scrub (擦洗) board and was invented in the year 1797. In 1851, American man, James King, discovered and patented the first washing machine to use a drum.However, it was still hand­powered and did not work by itself.

　　Then, in 1858, William Blackstone of Indiana built a washing machine for his wife.This washing machine removed and washed away dirt from the clothes. This was the first official washing machine that could be used at home.

　　In 1908, the Hurley Machine Company of Chicago invented the Thor machine. This was the first washing machine that was electrically powered, and it had a galvanized (电镀的) metal tub and an electric motor. The earlier washing machine had a heavy, cast­iron mechanism mounted on the tub lid, making the machine heavy and difficult to move.

　　The introduction of a metal tub and reduction gears (减速齿轮) in later years replaced this heavy equipment and by 1920 the production of wooden tub washing machines completely stopped. But the new machines made a lot of noise because of their bulky metal tubs. A modification that was made was covering the tubs with white enameled (磁漆的) sheet metal to make the cleaning process easier.

　　By the early 1950s, American companies started producing washing machines with a spin dry feature， and this replaced the old wringer, which, while drying the clothes, would remove the buttons or cause accidents involving the hair and hands.In 1957, the first washing machine with five plus buttons was introduced. These controlled the wash temperature, rinse temperature and spin speed.

　　Slowly, more features were added, and today we have a variety of washing machines with different features and styles to help us out and make life simpler and easier.

　　本文介绍了洗衣机发展的变化过程。

　　1．According to the passage, the first

　　washing machine________.

　　A．was invented in the year 1797

　　B．was invented for a woman

　　C．worked by using a drum

　　D．was electrically powered

　　答案：A　事实细节题。根据文中第二段第一句话可知答案。

　　2．Why were the earlier washing machines heavy?

　　A．They were equipped with a cast­iron mechanism on the tub lid.

　　B．They had a metal tub and reduction gears.

　　C．They had a galvanized metal tub and an electric motor.

　　D．They had a hand­powered mechanism.

　　答案：A　事实细节题。根据文中第四段最后一句可知答案。

　　3．What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?

　　A．The washing machine with a metal tub and reduction gears was invented in 1920s.

　　B．The washing machines with a metal tub did not make any noise.

　　C．The cleaning process became simpler thanks to an enameled sheet metal tub.

　　D．The wooden tub washing machine was cheaper than one with a metal tub.

　　答案：C　事实细节题。根据第五段最后一句话可知答案。

　　4．What was an advantage of the spin dry feature?

　　A．It didn't have buttons to control it.

　　B．The wash and rinse temperature could be controlled.

　　C．It avoided accidents involving the hair and hands.

　　D．It speeded up the spin speed.

　　答案：C　事实细节题。根据倒数第二段的“and this replaced the old wringer, which, while drying the clothes, would remove the buttons or cause accidents involving the hair and hands.”可知，已经替代了旧的机器去避免事故的发生。

　　1．revolve vi. 旋转

　　2．dirt n. 肮脏；尘土

　　3．replace vt. 取代；代替

　　4．feature n．/vt. 特色；以……为特色

　　5．variety n. 种类；多样化

　　1．wash away 冲刷掉；洗掉

　　2．help out 帮助……摆脱；困难

　　原文：This was the first official washing machine that could be used at home.(定语从句)

　　译文：这是第一台正式的可以在家里使用的洗衣机。

　　仿写：The first place of interest that_they_visited_in_London last year was the Big Ben.

　　去年他们在伦敦参加的第一处名胜是大本钟。

　　B

　　[2016·福州八中质检二]I still read out loud to my son. He is in fifth grade and an avid reader. He plows through books and is currently devouring (津津有味地看)．The Hobbit which he calls “addicting”. But he still likes it when I read out loud to him before bed.

　　I've always read to him, I could probably recite Goodnight Moon by heart and I like to think it has helped to instill his love of reading in him.

　　But as he's gotten older, reading to him has changed. The books are longer, of course, and sometimes he corrects me if I misread a word in the dim light of his room. But what's really changed is what we both get out of it.

　　When I was in fifth grade, I had a wonderful teacher, Mr Hanks, who would read aloud to the class after lunch. I remember him reading Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and me hanging on every word. I could hardly wait for lunch to be over to find out what happened next to little Charlie Bucket.

　　Now I'm giving the same gift to my own son. Last week he brought me a copy of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol he found on the shelf and asked me to read it to him. One of the bonuses of reading to an older child is you can revisit a beloved book from your past or be exposed to a book you have never read yourself.

　　Such was the case with A Christmas Carol which I admit I had never read. So when I started reading I worried that it would be a tough go since the book uses expressions and the language Dickens used in the 1840's. I found myself having to define things such as braziers and balustrades. But in the wonderful descriptiveness of Dickens' prose, my son was especially taken with his description of Scrooge's house where he had often played hide­and­seek with other friends.

　　读书使人受益，睡前给孩子读书，让孩子成为了一个热爱阅读的人。

　　5．When it comes to reading out loud to the author's son, she feels________.

　　A．tired B．curious

　　C．nervous D．happy

　　答案：D　事实细节题。从文中第二段“I've always read to him, I could probably recite...his love of reading in him.”可知作者乐于读书给孩子听。

　　6．It can be inferred from the text that ________.

　　A．the author's son enjoys her reading to him

　　B．the author puts too much pressure on her son

　　C．the author's son dislikes reading on his own

　　D．the author finds it unnecessary to read to her son

　　答案：A　推理判断题。从文中第五段“he found on the shelf and asked me to read it to him.”可知A正确，其余选项文中未谈到相关内容。

　　7．Compared with Goodnight Moon, A Christmas Carol ________.

　　A．is much shorter

　　B．is harder to understand

　　C．is better known to the author

　　D．is more popular with younger children

　　答案：B　事实细节题。从文中最后一段“A Christmas Carol which I admit I had never read. So when I started...the language Dickens used in the 1840's.”可知比Goodnight Moon难理解。

　　8．The author writes the text in order to ________.

　　A.encourage children to read more books

　　B.recommend some excellent books to readers

　　C.persuade parents to read out loud to their children

　　D.share her experience of reading out loud to her son

　　答案：D　作者写作的目的意在分享与孩子共同读书的经历。

　　1．plow vi./vt./n. 犁；耕耘

　　2．misread vt. 误解

　　3．beloved adj. 心爱的；挚爱的

　　4．define vt. 定义；使明确

　　5．description n. 描写

　　1．get out of 逃避；避免

　　2.be exposed to 暴露于

　　原文：But he still likes it when I read out loud to him before bed.(固定句型)

　　译文：但是他仍然喜欢我在睡前大声地给他读出来。

　　仿写：I_would_appreciate_it if you could accept our invitation.

　　如果你能接受我们的邀请，我会很感激的。

　　Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时8′)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　[2016·山西四校联考]

　　It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others.__1__If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing, then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.

　　Don't get in the center of the conflict.

　　Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help. Frankly speaking, it is very unwise, because it can make you the main figure of the conflict.__2__ You should focus on your own life issues.

　　Be kind.

　　__3__Life is full of conflicts and disagreements, that's why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them. For example, kindness can lessen the conflict.

　　Try to be a peacekeeper.

　　Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts.“__4__”This saying is the life motto of a natural－born peacekeeper. Don't worry if you are not a natural－born peacekeeper; you can gain this skill during life.

　　Walk off.

　　When the conflict is gathering pace and you can't manage to control yourself, you should choose to handle the situation in another way. By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress.

　　__5__You should get away from the situation for a while.

　　A．Conflicts are unavoidable, so try to accept them.

　　B．The greatest victory is a battle not fought.

　　C．It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent.

　　D．Let other people solve their problems without your presence.

　　E．Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support.

　　F．Arguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree.

　　G．When someone pushes you to the limit, try to act kindly towards this person.

　　文章介绍了几种有效避免冲突的方法。

　　1．F　只有知道了冲突的严重危害，我们才能去想法避免它。

　　2．D　因为文中提到了“You should focus on your own life issues.”，故建议你不要涉及到冲突当中去。

　　3．G　本段中的关键词为“kind”和kindly相呼应。

　　4．B　试着当一个和平守护者，即“The greatest victory is a battle not fought.”。

　　5．C　“keep yourself away from stress”即让自己与冲突与对手保持距离或者远离对手。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)

　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　[2016·湖北高三联考]A father is very worried about his son, __1__ acts like a coward. So his father paid a visit to the master and __2__ (ask) him to train his son.

　　The master said, “I promise I'll be able to train your child __3__ a real man in three months.”

　　Three months later, his father came __4__(pick) the child. The master arranged a match between the child __5__ his coach to show the three－month training result.

　　At Round One, the child __6__ (knock) down and fell to the ground. He stood up to meet the challenge. But he was knocked down again, and once again he stood up to fight...this was repeated six times.

　　The master asked his father, “Do you think your child's __7__ (perform) is that of a man？” The father said, “I feel ashamed for __8__！ I never expected that he would be so weak after a three­month __9__(train)．” The master said, “I don't agree with you, and I regret that you only see __10__ surface of things. You have not seen the courage and perseverance in your son. This is the very spirit of a man！”

　　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　　9．________　10.________

　　父亲担心自己的孩子会成为胆小鬼，向一位大师求助。

　　1．who　考查who引导的非限制性定语从句。who在从句中作主语。

　　2．asked　考查并列谓语。and连接并列的谓语。

　　3．into　考查固定搭配。“train sb. into sb.”意为“把某人训练成……的人”。

　　4．to pick　考查固定搭配。“come to do”意为“来干某事”。

　　5．and　考查固定搭配。“between...and...”。

　　6．was knocked　考查被动语态。语意为“孩子被撞倒在地上了”。

　　7．performance　考查词形转换。“名词所有格相当于形容词”，故其后用名词。

　　8．him　考查固定搭配。“feel ashamed for sb.”意为“为某人感到羞愧”。

　　9．training　考查介词的用法。after为介词，故其后用training。

　　10．the　考查冠词的用法。“特指这件事情的表面”，故用定冠词the。

　　Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)

　　[2016·河北七校联考]书写是中学生日常学习中很重要的一项技能，而如今，老师、家长、学生对书写的重视程度降低了。请结合你的感受写一篇100词左右的英文短文，分析造成该现象的原因，并发表自己的看法。要点如下：

　　1．简要介绍该现象；

　　2．分析原因；

　　3．你的看法。

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　One possible version：

　　Handwriting is one of the most important skills in students' daily study. Nowadays, however, teachers, students and their parents are paying less and less attention to handwriting.

　　There are many reasons explaining the phenomenon. The main one of which is the growing popularity of computers. Many students may think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving it. What's more, the students are so occupied with their lessons and homework every day that they have no adequate time to practice it.

　　In my opinion, just as the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.