2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题8 名词性从句（全国通用）

　　I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ________ he never finishes anything.

　　答案　why　[考查表语从句。句意：我恐怕他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is...”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句，根据句意用“why”引导。] 他病了，这是由于他吃得太多的缘故。 【误】He got ill; this was why he had eaten too much. 【正】He got ill; this was because he had eaten too much. 误点：________________________________________ 知识点四　同位语从句 1.同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief等词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

　　你在哪儿听说我不能来？

　　The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment hasn’t been solved.

　　我们是否应该继续做实验这一问题还没解决。 2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

　　同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over

　　the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释news的内容) The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句， 修饰news) (2017·浙江，16)The only way to succeed at the highest level

　　is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 答案　that　[本题考查同位语从句。句意：通往最高水平的成功之路就是拥有坚定的信念：在运动场上你比任何人都更棒。belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，that表示陈述一个事实，故用that。] 有消息说会议将在星期五举行。 【误】Words came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 【正】Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 误点：_________________________________________ 易错点1　what与that在名词性从句中的区别 (1)(2017·天津， 15)________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 解析　本题考查主语从句。句意：我想对你说的是我对父母亲的深深的爱和尊重。句子谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what。 答案　What (2)(2017·北京， 33)Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 解析　本题考查宾语从句。句意：专家们相信人们只在必须的时候购物就会浪费更少的食物。动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故用that。 答案　that 【即时小练】 (1)(2017·烟台模拟)—Tell me something about your adventure in the rainforest, please. —We lost our way in the forest and ________ made matters worse was ________ night began to fall. 答案　what；that　[第一空引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故用what；第二空引导表语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，故用that。句意：——请跟我说说你在雨林中的冒险经历吧。——我们在森林里迷了路，更加糟糕的是天开始黑了。] (2)(2017·临沂模拟)After five days’ climbing in the mountain, they reached ________ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of. 答案　what　[分析句子结构： they thought为插入语。所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，故用what。] 以题说法 that在其引导的名词性从句中只起引导作用，不作句子成分；而what在名词性从句中起双重作用，既作成分，又能引导句子。故做题的关键在于分析从句中是否缺少成分。 突破指南 分析句子成分是解题关键。在that/what间，若从句缺成分就选what，反之that。 易错点2　whatever与what; whoever与who的区别 (1)(2017·福建，35)We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 解析　考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我们允诺向任何参加聚会的人提供一个和那位电影明星合影的机会。参加聚会的任何人whoever＝anyone who, whoever引导的从句作promise的宾语，同时whoever又在从句中充当主语。

　　答案　whoever (2)(2017·辽宁， 34)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about

　　Mark Twain. 解析　考查宾语从句。介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever。 答案　whatever 【即时小练】 The employers often give the job to ________ they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty. 答案　whoever　[考查宾语从句。句意：雇主们往往把工作给那些有工作经验又有强烈责任感的人们。根据句意可知此处泛指并作主语，又因从句中谓语为has，故用whoever(＝anyone who)。] 以题说法 在名词性从句中，引导词whatever, whoever均泛指，分别可转换成anything that, anyone who并将其代入，这样解题便轻松多了。 突破指南 wh-ever与wh-的区别是考查的难点，这需要同学细读句意，分清语境是泛指还是特指。 易错点3　名词性从句与其他从句混淆不清 (2017·河北保定市期末调研)We’re living in ________ people call “Information Age”， so everything is possible. 解析　句意：我们生活在信息时代，所以一切皆有可能。介词in后跟宾语从句。在从句中动词call后缺宾语，故用what。 答案　what 【即时小练】 There is much truth in the idea ________ kindness is usually served by frankness. 答案　that　[句意：的确，坦率通常也表明了友善。本题考查同位语从句。分析题干可知空格处引导同位语从句，解释truth的内容，从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导。] 突破指南 弄清连接代词与连接副词的区别。关系代词who, whose, whom, that, which有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。when, where, why, how有词义，在从句中作状语。that无词义，不作成分。if/whether有词义，在名词性从句中不作成分。

　　面对繁重的学业负担，很多学生出现了不同程度的心理和身体方面的不适。鉴于此种情况，中学生应该学会放松。假如你是中学生李华，请以How to Relax Ourselves为题写一篇文章给《21世纪英语报》投稿 内容包括：1.为什么要学会自我放松； 2.自我放松的途径(如看电视、上网、体育锻炼、旅游等)； 3.你更喜欢哪种自我放松方式及原因。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.文章开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 How to Relax Ourselves Faced with heavy learning burdens, many of us students_____ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 【范文实例】 1.本文是一则投稿，作者开门见山地点出了目前中学生存在的问题，并针对此问题提出了解决的办法，要学会自我放松，同时点出了自我放松的途径，以及自己最喜欢的放松方式及其原因。 2.能够在每段的首句都能点明本段的主题，这是此文的一大亮点。 3.短语和句型使用多样化，并恰如其分，如过渡性词语：If the situation continues，...in view of this, as you know, as for me, for one thing, for another等；高级短语有have a negative influence on...，a wide range of...，give me easy access to...等；复杂句型有：Faced with...，many students...。

　　读后启示：___________________________________________ 专题八　名词性从句

　　名词性从句思维流程 知识点一　主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词如下： who, that, which, what, when, where, how, whether，why, whoever, whichever, whatever等。

　　What I want to drink is coffee. 我想喝的是咖啡。

　　That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.

　　长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。 When they will come hasn’t been made public. 他们来的时间没有公布。 2.whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句： whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何……的人都”。 whatever相当于anything that。 whichever意为“无论哪个，无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可跟of短语连用。 Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都会欢迎。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在这里所说的一切都要保密。 Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me. 你选哪本书不关我的事。 3.(1)it作形式主语，从属连词that引导的从句作真正的主语。 ①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable等)＋that从句。 It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那样的帮助。 ②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋that从句。 It’s no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged等)＋that从句。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。 ④It＋动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句。 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人呆着。 (2)it作形式主语，连接代词、连接副词或whether/if引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over. 经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会很明显。 (1)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别。 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that引导从句，不充当成分。 What you said yesterday is right.你昨天说的是对的。

　　(what引导主语从句，作said的宾语)

　　That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着真是一件令人慰藉的事情。(that引导主语从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略) (2)主语从句若含有“是否”意义，其引导词只能用whether，不能用if。 Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question.他明天是否能来仍然是个问题。

　　★what引导名词性从句时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意为“……的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。 1.It is still under discussion ____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

　　答案　whether　[句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。考查名词性从句。“It”作形式主语， “____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether，“whether...or not”在名词性从句中意为：是否。] 2.________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

　　答案　What　[本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：使这本书如此与众不同的是作者创造性的想象力。分析句子结构可知，________makes the book so extraordinary为主语从句，从句缺少主语，要用What引导。] 我们队比赛获胜使我们很高兴。 【误】Our team won the match pleased us very much. 【正】It pleased us very much that our team won the match. 【正】That our team won the match pleased us very much. 误点：__________________________________________ 知识点二　宾语从句 1.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有： that, what, whether, if, where, when, whatever，whoever等。

　　We must find out who did all this. 我们必须查明谁做了这个。

　　He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldn’t use an umbrella when it was raining.

　　他说他非常喜欢下雨，下雨天他都不愿用伞。 2.由whatever, whichever, whoever, whosever引导的宾语从句。 You may do whatever you like. 你可以做任何你喜欢的事。 Return the book to whosever name is on it. 把书还给书上写名字的人。 3.由whether或if引导的宾语从句，要保持陈述句语序。此外， whether与if在作“是否”讲时，一般可以换用，但在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if。 (1)引导的从句作介词宾语时。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 (2)从句后有or not时。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 (3)后接动词不定式时。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?

　　你能否告诉我是去还是留吗？ 4.宾语从句中的形式宾语it。

　　在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。 I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. 我很清楚，我已下定决心实施这项计划。 I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English. 我发现我们花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。 5.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：

　　(1)desire愿望， demand要求，insist坚决要求， order命令， request请求， suggest建议， propose提议，这些词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。宾语从句的谓语形式： should＋do，should可以省略。 He insisted that she (should) stay here for another week. 他坚持要求她应该在这再待一周。 They suggested that we (should) start at once. 他们建议我们立即开始。

　　(2)wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。

　　一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 注意： (1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。 We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. (2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except, in, but等介词后偶尔可能用到。 Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose. The teacher can tell us if the meeting will be held tomorrow. 【误】如果明天召开会议，老师会告诉我们。 【正】老师能告诉我们明天是否召开会议。 误点：_____________________________________________ Many young people in the West are expected to leave ________ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. 答案　what　[考查名词性从句。句意：许多西方年轻人都把人生中最主要的决定——婚姻——几乎都归因为运气。what一词作从句的主语，并引导宾语从句，作动词leave的宾语。] 知识点三　表语从句 在复合句中放在系动词之后，作表语的从句称为表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 1.表语从句的引导词主要有： that(不可省略), whether(不能换成if), what, who, which, how, why, when, where，whoever, wherever等。

　　The reason is that he missed the early bus. 原因是他错过了早班车。 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 问题是我们是否可以在如此短的时间内做好准备。 That’s just what I want.那正是我想要的。

　　This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 2.as if/as though, because, why引导表语从句。

　　It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 This is why we missed the early bus. 这就是为什么我们错过了早班车。 That’s because he got up late. 那是因为他起床晚了。