【复习方略】2017版高考英语一轮外研版课时提升作业：必修4 Module 4《Great Scientists》（含解析）

　　课时提升作业(二十二Ⅰ. 单项填空

　　1. (2017·吉林模拟)When I was twenty, I had to drop out before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help　my family.

　　A. supplyB. support

　　C. suppose

　　D. stop

　　2. The new camera is of high　and is not expensive, either, which makes it popular.

　　A. quantity B. level

　　C. quality

　　D. character

　　3. (2017·合肥模拟)Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose namehim for the moment.

　　A. escaped

　　B. missed

　　C. forgot

　　D. passed

　　4. (2017·四平模拟)He didn’t make　clear when and where the meeting would be held.

　　A. this B. that

　　C. it

　　D. these

　　5. Restaurants in every corner of the city not only provide job opportunities but _______ lots of taxes as well.

　　A. bring in

　　B. bring about

　　C. result in

　　D. result from

　　6. (2017·泉州模拟)You can’t use the machine today because some parts　this week.

　　A. are replaced

　　B. are being replaced

　　C. have replaced

　　D. are replacing

　　7. (2017·长春模拟)Tell me　how it came about that you were 20 minutes late for class. You needn’t go into details.

　　A. in advance B. in brief

　　C. in total

　　D. in vain

　　8. (2017·重庆模拟)As a result of destroying the forests, a large　of desert _______ covered the land.

　　A. number; has

　　B. quantity; has

　　C. number; have

　　D. quantity; have

　　9. (2017·成都模拟)—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

　　—The key　the problem is to meet the demand　by the customers.

　　A. to solving; making

　　B. to solving; made

　　C. to solve; making

　　D. to solve; made

　　10. Your brain uses information from both your nose and your tongue to　what something tastes like.

　　A. point out B. give out

　　C. figure out

　　D. pick out

　　11. (2017·黄石模拟)A poet can　ordinary words into a meaningful and effective piece of writing.

　　A. consume B. contrast

　　C. convert

　　D. convince

　　12. (2017·沈阳模拟)In　face of increasing energy limits, China needsmajor breakthrough in mining and exploration.

　　A. a; a

　　B. the; a

　　C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填

　　13. If they　, they would change the whole system of the local government.

　　A. come to power B. came to power

　　C. are in power

　　D. have been in power

　　14. (2017·兰州模拟)Television has many advantages. It keeps us　about thenews and also provides entertainment in the house.

　　A. informed; latest

　　B. to know; later

　　C. learning; later

　　D. to think; latest

　　15. If you ring the doorbell when visiting our home, you　by our dog.

　　A. will be greeted B. will greet

　　C. were greeted

　　D. greeted

　　Ⅱ. 阅读理解Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.

　　He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the “building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.

　　During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.

　　From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. (315W)

　　1. From the first Paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling.

　　A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School

　　B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes

　　C. was once badly treated in Washington High School

　　D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living

　　2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?

　　A. The “behavior” of molecules.

　　B. Physical chemistry.

　　C. Biological chemistry.

　　D. The human body.

　　3. Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty?

　　A. The use of nuclear weapons.

　　B. Testing hydrogen bombs on the ground.

　　C. Testing hydrogen bombs under the surface of the ground.

　　D. The production of the hydrogen bombs.

　　4. The main idea of the passage is to show.

　　A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons

　　B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world

　　C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules

　　D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace

　　Ⅲ. 阅读第二节

　　(2017·衡水模拟)

　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. 　1　

　　●　2　When you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activities. Running, walking, playing tennis, and working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try.

　　●Take care of yourself.

　　　3　If you easily get angry and can’t sleep well enough, or if you’re not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor.

　　●Make time for yourself.

　　Schedule time for both work and entertainment. Don’t forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. 　4　Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.

　　●　5 

　　Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there’s so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the most important task first.

　　A. Do whatever you like and want to do.

　　B. You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest.

　　C. Make a list of things to do.

　　D. Try physical activities.

　　E. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun.

　　F. You could smile to yourself in front of a mirror every day.

　　G. The following are suggestions for ways to deal with stress.

　　【语法随练】

　　将下列阅读理解中的句子翻译成汉语

　　Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.

　　【译】_______________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________________

　　答案解析

　　Ⅰ.1.【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意: 20岁的时候, 我不得不在毕业前退学到一家服装店工作来帮助家里维持生计。support养活, 支持, 扶持; supply供应; suppose假定; stop停止。

　　2.【解析】选C。句意: 新的照相机质量高, 也不贵, 这使它很受欢迎。quality质量; quantity数量; level水平; character特征, 性格。

　　3.【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意: 鲍勃回头一看, 结果却发现了一位老同学, 其名字他一下子想不起来了。escape作为及物动词有“被忘掉, 没被注意到”的意思, 其后可以直接跟宾语且无需用被动语态。miss错过; forget忘记; pass通过。

　　【变式备选】

　　(2017·赣州模拟)A woman was seriously injured and a neighboring family narrowly escaped　by an explosion that destroyed a row of homes.

　　A. blowing up B. to be blown up

　　C. being blown up

　　D. blown up

　　【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意: 一位妇女在毁坏一排房子的爆炸中严重受伤, 她的邻居一家差点被炸死。escape后跟v. -ing形式而不跟动词不定式作宾语, 又a neighboring family与blow up之间是被动关系, 故用v. -ing形式的被动结构。

　　4.【解析】选C。考查代词。句意: 他没有说清楚会议何时何地召开。it作形式宾语, when and where the meeting would be held是真正的宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是宾语从句时, 往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面, 而把代词it放在谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。

　　5.【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 在这个城市中, 各个角落的饭店不仅提供工作机会而且带来许多税收。bring in带来; bring about导致; result in导致; result from由……造成。

　　6.【解析】选B。考查动词时态和语态。句意: 你今天不能使用这台机器, 因为本周有几个零件正在被拆换。根据句意“机器零件正在被拆换”, 要用进行时态的被动语态。

　　7.【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 简短地告诉我你上课迟到20分钟是怎么回事呢。你不必详述。in brief简言之; in advance提前; in total总共; in vain徒然。

　　8.【解析】选B。句意: 由于毁坏森林, 大量沙漠覆盖了陆地。a large number of修饰可数名词的复数; a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词的复数, 也可以修饰不可数名词, “a large quantity of+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词取决于名词。

　　9.【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意: ——你怎么处理公司和消费者之间的分歧? ——解决问题的关键在于满足消费者提出的要求。the key to意为“……的关键”, 其后要接动名词; make与demand之间为动宾关系, 故用过去分词。

　　【知识拓展】

　　名词+介词to构成的短语还有

　　an access to 　接近; 有权使用; 通向……的入口

　　the answer to 　……的答案

　　the entrance to 　……的入口

　　an approach to 　……的方法/途径

　　an attitude to 　对……的态度

　　a solution to 　……的解决方案

　　the key to 　……的关键

　　10.【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意: 你的大脑既使用来自鼻子也使用来自舌头的信息来断定某物尝起来怎样。figure out断定; point out指出; give out用尽; pick out挑出。

　　11.【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意: 诗人能把普通的词语转化为一篇有意义且有影响力的作品。convert转化; consume消耗; contrast使对比; convince说服。

　　12.【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意: 面对日益增加的能源限制, 中国在采矿和勘探方面需要有重大突破。in the face of面临, 面对, 为固定短语; breakthrough为可数名词, 需要用不定冠词修饰。

　　13.【解析】选B。句意: 如果他们上台执政, 他们就会改变当地政府的整个体系。由主句they would change the whole system of the local government可知, 此处是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气, 故if从句应使用一般过去时。

　　14.【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词及形容词辨析。句意: 电视有很多优势。它使我们在家里就能了解最新的资讯也能提供娱乐。inform sb. about sth. 通知某人某事, 因此us与inform之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词作宾语补足语; latest最新的, 最近的。

　　15.【解析】选A。考查时态和语态。句意: 你来我家如果按响门铃, 我家的狗会迎接你的。在if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句用一般现在时表示将来, 主句用一般将来时。来拜访应该是被迎接, 因此用被动语态。

　　Ⅱ.

　　本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。

　　1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。

　　2.【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段第二句“His interest in the ‘behavior’ of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的兴趣发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。

　　3.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. ”可以得出正确答案为C选项。

　　4.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以选择B选项。

　　Ⅲ. 1.【解析】选G。本文是总分结构, 后文是各种减压方法, 所以选G。

　　2.【解析】选D。本段的Running, walking, playing tennis. . . 都是体育锻炼。

　　3.【解析】选B。本段的中心话题是照顾好自己, 所以吃好睡好是照顾好自己的表现。

　　4.【解析】选E。本段围绕的话题是留给自己一些时间, 所以休息是最符合这一主题的。

　　5.【解析】选C。这里的there’s so much to do, and not enough time及make a list of everything you have to do是提示。

　　【语法随练】

　　在他的努力下, 《禁止核试验协定》于1963年10月10日生效, 该协定宣布: 所有核试验都要在地下进行, 否则就是非法的。就在同一天Linus Pauling获得诺贝尔和平奖。