2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：13（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（13）

　　（2016高考阅读理解）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。

　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another，that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their self­worth relied(依赖) on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often life­and­death affairs.In their single­minded pursuit(追求) of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

　　However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self­respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

　　1．What does this passage mainly talk about?

　　A．Competition helps to set up self­respect.

　　B．Opinions about competition are different among people.

　　C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

　　D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

　　2．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

　　A．It pushes society forward.

　　B．It builds up a sense of duty.

　　C．It improves personal abilities.

　　D．It encourages individual efforts.

　　3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means “

　　”．

　　A．those who try their best to win

　　B．those who value competition most highly

　　C．those who are against competition most strongly

　　D．those who rely on others most for success

　　4．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？

　　A．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.

　　B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

　　C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

　　D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

　　1．B　[主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句也是这篇文章的主题句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可以看出，不同的人对竞赛的看法迥异，故选B。]

　　2．A　[细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有些人赞同竞争，因为它能推动社会的发展，故选A。]

　　3．C　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition.”，可以推断“the most vocal”是指那些最反对竞争的人。]

　　4．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self­respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可以得出结论：这两种持不同观点的学生，其实有一个共同点，那就是都把自己的价值体现在与别人的比较和竞争中。]

　　（2016高考阅读理解）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。

　　It’s hot out.The usual midday thunderstorm has just passed，and a few kids hanging out on benches around the pool at Miami’s Ransom Everglades School finally jump in and cool off.

　　Eight­year­old Gary Kendrick and the others are all here for swim lessons.“They told us to hold on to the wall and kick our feet and，like，move our arms，”Kendrick says.“When I had to swim to one of the counselors，I was really swimming.I do not even know I was moving.”

　　Kendrick doesn’t have the technique of an Olympic swimmer，but he can make it to the side of a pool if he’s pushed，falls in，or just wants to cool off.Kendrick is one of a handful of kids from South Miami to get free swim lessons at Ransom Everglades.

　　“You know，we have populations of people who lack basic swim skills，”says Julie Gilchrist.“In swimming pools...presumably，you know where the bottom is，you know where the sides are，” she says.“And so one would think that with basic swim skills it should be difficult for an older child or teen to drown in a swimming pool.And yet that’s what we were seeing among African­Americans.?

　　Swimming pool drowning rates among school­aged black children are more than five times higher than they are among white kids the same age.Why？There are many reasons，but one big one.“Kids who are living in public housing，growing up where finance is a real problem，single­mother households，opportunities for just having access to a pool are limited.”

　　After four decades of work to get a pool built，Codrington is finally getting one，in the heart of South Miami.Codrington calls it a “mixed bag”．He wishes the new pool were bigger—to accommodate things like swim meets and lifeguard lessons.But he’s satisfied knowing that it’ll be a place where neighborhood kids can learn to swim.

　　“This is going to save a lot of lives just as it is.It’s going to save a lot of children from drowning，” he says.

　　1．At Ransom Everglades，Kendrick

　　.

　　A．was being trained to swim for Olympics

　　B．was learning the skills of swimming for free

　　C．was having a lesson as an Olympic swimmer

　　D．was playing in a pool to cool off

　　2．What was Gilchrist seeing among the black children?

　　A．They know where the bottom of the pool is.

　　B．They have grasped basic swimming skills.

　　C．They often drown in a swimming pool.

　　D．They can’t make it to the side of a pool.

　　3．According to Codrington，black kids

　　.

　　A．had no money to pay for swimming

　　B．wouldn’t like to go to a faraway pool

　　C．aren’t allowed to swim by their moms

　　D．have fewer chances to access a pool

　　1．B　[细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Kendrick is one of a handful of kids from South Miami to get free swim lessons at Ransom Everglades.”可知，Kendrick在Ransom Everglades免费地学习游泳。]

　　2．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“You know，we have populations of people who lack basic swim skills...And yet that’s what we were seeing among African­Americans.”可知，他认为很多孩子由于不会游泳而溺水。]

　　3．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Why？There are many reasons，but one big one.‘Kids who are living in public housing，growing up where finance is a real problem，single­mother households，opportunities for just having access to a pool are limited.’”可知，这些孩子几乎没有机会接触到游泳池。]

　　（2016高考阅读理解）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。

　　Every day is a gift，and if you look forward to spending each day with happiness，wake up every morning with a positive attitude and enjoy a beautiful day!

　　Set up a daily plan for yourself and ensure that you reserve enough time for your homework.Also，don’t forget to spare some time for play！Stop being lazy and start participating in your life instead of just watching it pass by.Try to do something fun and constructive every day.Read a book，write something interesting in your diary，try a new hobby，spend time with your friends，or just watch your favorite show on television，and you will see how every moment of your day untelevision，and you will see how every moment of your day unfolds.You’ll achieve better results，and ultimately greater success.

　　However，every day will not be the way you want it to be.Some days will be good，while some will be bad.You won’t be always happy and smiling.You may come across many challenges.Don’t forget to remind yourself to slow down and take care of yourself.In today’s busy lifestyle，it is necessary to relax to bring balance and joy back into your life.So，take charge of your life.Enjoy and appreciate the small things around you.Do a good deed and make others happy.Sometimes，doing something as simple as having a cup of tea with an old friend or a family member，listening to a cheerful song，or just writing down all the things that make you happy could indeed turn your day around!

　　Review and analyze your day before you sleep at night.Reward yourself for completing the set goals and prepare the stage for the next day.This will impact your sleep and overall happiness levels.Plan for the next day，take a good rest，and wake up fresh the next morning!

　　If you are doing the same things every day，step out of your comfort zone and set aside some time to do things you have never done before.Stretch your limits.Not only will it make a boring day exciting but it will also build your confidence.

　　1．Who are the intended readers of the passage?

　　A．Teachers.

　　B．Students.

　　C．Workers.

　　D．People in general.

　　2．Why is “Read a book” mentioned in the second paragraph?

　　A．To show readers how to make themselves happy.

　　B．To tell readers to learn hard for their future.

　　C．To supply readers with ways of killing time.

　　D．To offer readers suggestions on hobbies.

　　3．What can we infer from the third paragraph?

　　A．Every day is beautiful and worth­remembering.

　　B．Your future is up to yourself and your friends.

　　C．A good start is definitely good for the future.

　　D．You should make a difference in your day.

　　4．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．How to Make the Most of Your Day

　　B．How to Lead a Happy and Satisfying Life

　　C．Act Now without Delay to Change Your Life

　　D．Spare Time to Focus on Daily Responsibilities

　　1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章中出现的your homework，in your diary等信息可知，这篇文章针对的对象应该是学生。]

　　2．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Try to do something fun and constructive every day.”可知，作者提到Read a book的目的就是告诉读者怎样愉快地度过每一天。]

　　3．D　[推理判断题。结合第三段中的“So，take charge of your life...or just writing down all the things that make you happy could indeed turn your day around！”可知，这一段主要讲述了怎样使你的每一天过得有意义。]

　　4．A　[标题归纳题。综合全文的信息可知，本文主要介绍了怎样可以充实地度过每一天，因此选A项。]

　　（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia．It's fun to come home.It looks the same.It smells the same.You'll realize what's changed is you.Home is where we can remember pain, love, and some other experiences.We parted here；My parents met here；I won three championships here.

　　If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass－top wooden table.To the right of the living room is my first bedroom.It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are.

　　There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays, and where I cried on Halloween—when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table, I can see my favorite room in the house, my parents' room.It is simple：a brown wooden

　　dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side.Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.

　　I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It's proof I lived，I grew, and I learned.

　　Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom.But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home.

　　【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者在原来的家中对过去的回忆。

　　1．What's the probable meaning of the underlined word in the first paragraph?

　　A．happiness

　　B．sadness

　　C．feeling

　　D．sadness mixed with pleasure and affection

　　答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据前文可以猜测这种感觉是回到家时的感觉，从后文可以看出作者回到家是悲喜混合的一种感觉，故选D。]

　　2．Why does the author call her parents' bed her “safe zone”(Paragraph 3)?

　　A．It is her favorite place to play.

　　B．Her needs can be satisfied there.

　　C．Her grandparents' photos are lined on each side.

　　D．Her parents always play together with her there.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文中第三段最后一句话“I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning”可知在父母的床上，作者可以“为所欲为”，故选B。]

　　3．What can be learned from the passage?

　　A．The old furniture is still in the author's first bedroom.

　　B．The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.

　　C．The author's favorite room in her first home is the dining room.

　　D．Many people of the author's age can still find their first physical homes.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句it's empty可知A错误，根据文中第三段第三句可知作者最喜欢的房间是parents' room可知C错误，D项与文中不符，故选B。]

　　4．Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will ________．

　　A．open the window at night

　　B．lie down in bed to have a dream

　　C．try to bring back a sense of home

　　D．go to Los Angeles to visit her mom

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文中最后一段第一句“Sometimes when I feel lost，I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home.”可知作者先躺下，闭上眼睛，可知作者只是闭上眼睛后想象自己回到家中，故选C。]

　　5．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?

　　A．To express how much she is attached to her home.

　　B．To declare how much she loves her first house.

　　C．To describe the state of her family.

　　D．To look back on her childhood.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。根据文章大意，本文主要讲述了作者在原来的家中对过去的回忆。可见作者与她的家感情非常深，那里有很多她的回忆，故选A。]

　　（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf__your__ship，making you question whether your ship still can be spotted among such floating mountains.They are so improbable looking that you simply look in wonder.It seems that nothing that large could be natural—and then it strikes you that something so large could only be natural.

　　Now，people realize that as climate change is raising global temperatures，more icebergs are being born.Antarctica creates far more of them than Greenland，the source of bergs in Arctic waters.Antarctica's are also much larger，sometimes reaching the size of small

　　countries.Recent

　　data

　　show

　　the

　　average

　　atmospheric temperature has increased about 4.5 in the western Antarctic Peninsula since the 1940s，making the region，among the fastest warming on earth.This jump has been shown in the recent breaking of major ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula.As a result，thousands of new icebergs have broken off，from ice shelves into the Southern Ocean at an accelerated rate.

　　Even as more icebergs are being created，scientists are learning that they are far from inactive masses of ice.In fact，they strikingly alter their environments biologically，chemically，and physically，making them islands of life in the open sea.Observers at sea have long remarked that they attract seals，and seabirds，and divers have noticed that fish are more numerous near them than in the surrounding sea.Now scientists are learning just what the attraction is all about.

　　Depending on their size，location，and the season，icebergs can be nurturers (培养者) or destroyers.During their existence—typically years from breaking off from an Antarctic or Greenlandic glacier to their gradual melting as they float into lower altitudes，they support animals on，around，even inside their splendid ice castle.They fertilize the ocean with nutrients，increasing sea creature production.Grounded bergs can shelter areas of the seafloor，protecting

　　bottom－living

　　creatures

　　from

　　free－floating

　　icebergs.However，large bergs can also trap sea ice，preventing its annual breakup and thus stopping phytoplankton (浮游植物) from getting life—giving sunlight，breaking the food chain at its first link.

　　Icebergs will continue to astonish and attract visitors to the polar regions.But now these frozen large masses are taking on a new dimension of wonder as we uncover their vital role in the environment of polar seas.No longer can we look at icebergs as mere passive white mountains floating in the sea.They are active agents of change，each one is an icy oasis with awake of life as it floats on its unstoppable oceanic journey to melting.

　　【语篇解读】　本文为说明文，介绍了随着全球气温不断上升，冰山数量不断增多。冰山

　　1．Why does the author mention “dwarf__your__ship” in the first paragraph?

　　A．To explain how natural icebergs are.

　　B．To show how powerful icebergs are.

　　C.To describe icebergs as floating ships.

　　D．To tell the unbelievable size of icebergs.

　　答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf your ship，making you question...such floating mountains.可知作者是想表达冰山难以置信得大。]

　　．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．The temperature in Arctic is rising faster than that in Antarctica.

　　B．The ocean food chain breaks due to the melting of icebergs.

　　C．Floating icebergs help shelter bottom－living ocean creatures.

　　D．Global warming has kept bringing icebergs into being.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知D项正确。根据第二段第四句．..the average atmospheric temperature...among the fastest warming on earth.可知A项错误；根据第四段第四句Grounded bergs can...from free floating icebergs可知C项错误；根据第四段第五句However，large bergs...at its first link.可知B项不正确。]

　　．From the passage we can conclude that icebergs can ________．

　　A．preserve ocean creatures

　　B．carry ocean nutrients away

　　C．create a warm polar environment

　　D．keep sea animals away from polar seas

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段第三句They fertilize the ocean with nutrients，increasing sea creature production.可知A项正确。]

　　4．What is the author's attitude toward icebergs?

　　A．Cautious.

　　B．Objective.

　　C．Doubtful.

　　D．Disapproving.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。通读全文可知作者只是在客观描述事实，并未表达任何个人观点，因此B项正确。cautious意为“谨慎的”；doubtful意为“怀疑的”；disapproving意为“不赞成的”。]