2017届高考英语一轮复习练习：必修1 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab（外研版）

　　Module 5

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·课标Ⅱ，C)

　　More students than ever before are taking a gap year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off”between school and university.The gap­year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

　　This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．

　　That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”he said.

　　But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.

　　语篇解读：本文讲述了在美国，越来越多的高中毕业生通过休学一年的方式(gap year)来积累经验，为未来的大学生活做准备，但是也有人认为，在这一年里很多学生不得不被迫打工赚取上学的费用。

　　1．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?

　　A．It is flexible in length.B．It is a time for relaxation.

　　C．It is increasingly popular.D．It is required by universities.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。由第一段第一句“More students than ever before are taking a gap­year (间隔年)before going to university.”及第三段第一句“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.”可知，间隔年越来越受到欢迎，故选C项。

　　2．According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year______.

　　A．are better prepared for college studies

　　B．know a lot more about their future jobs

　　C．are more likely to leave university in debt

　　D．have a better chance to enter top universities

　　答案：A　推理判断题。由题干中的人名Tony Higgins定位到文章第三段，根据他所说的话“Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”可知，他认为，经历间隔年学生更成熟和有责任感，由此可以推断出他认为他们能更好地为大学学习做准备，故选A项。

　　3．How does Owain James feel about the gap­year phenomenon?

　　A．He's puzzled.

　　B．He's worried.

　　C．He's surprised.

　　D．He's annoyed.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。由题干中的Owain James定位到文章最后一段，根据第二句“...young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.”可知，越来越多的学生会在结束学业之前被迫去挣钱，他对此是担忧的，故选B项。

　　4．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?

　　A．Attend additional courses.

　　B．Make plans for the new term.

　　C．Earn money for their education.

　　D．Prepare for their graduate studies.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods...”可知此处应选C项。

　　B

　　(2015·湖北重点中学联考)

　　400­year­old plants from the Little Ice Age were brought back to life, which could help us understand how the Earth will deal with climate change.

　　Moss (藓类植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop Glacier (冰川) on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brought back to life. Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps. Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists.

　　Samples of the moss plant, covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850, were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems (茎). Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.

　　Biologist Dr. Catherine La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop Glacier on Ellesmere Island. Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years. This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed. Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 can now be studied, including many species that have never been studied before.

　　While examining an exposed area of land, La Farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum. It is a type of bryophyte (苔藓类植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada, the U．S. and the highlands of the U．K.

　　Dr. La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems, suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate. Dr. La Farge told the BBC, “When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab, I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches, suggesting that these plants were growing again, and that blew_my_mind. When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape, we've always thought that plants have to come from refugia (濒绝生物保护区), never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier. It's a whole world of what's coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied. The ice is disappearing pretty fast. We really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world; we don't know it all.”

　　Dr. La Farge took samples of the moss and, using carbon­dating techniques, discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age. Dr. La Farge's team took the samples, planted them in dishes full of nutrient­rich potting soil and fed them with water.

　　The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum, Distichium capillaceum, Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis. The moss plants found by Dr. La Farge are types of bryophytes. Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.

　　However, Dr. La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the 21st century. Her findings appear in Proceedings (论文集) of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家凯瑟琳·拉·法奇博士和她的团队发现400年前冰封在冰川里的苔藓类植物，带回实验室后放置在营养丰富的土壤中，浇水之后这些植物又再次生长。

　　5．Dr. La Farge's research is of great importance to ________.

　　A．knowing what the plants during the Little Ice Age were like

　　B．understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers

　　C．regrowing many species that have been destroyed before

　　D．figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss

　　答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps.”可知研究表明这些植物有望重新覆盖冰盖融化地区。由此推断该研究有利于当地的生态系统从冰川中恢复过来。故选B项。

　　6．The underlined part “blew my mind” in Paragraph 6 means ________.

　　A．surprised me B．greatly frightened me

　　C．put my doubt out of my mindD．was exactly what I had in my mind

　　答案：A　词义猜测题。画线短语所在的句子意为“……我可以看到一些茎上新长出了绿色的分支，这表明这些植物正在再次生长，这出乎我的意料。”因此画线部分意为“出乎意料”，只有A项符合。

　　7．According to the passage, Aulacomnium turgidum ________.

　　A．lives better in small groups

　　B．is very active in hot weather

　　C．is strong enough to survive coldness

　　D．is chosen from Canadian refugia

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中“Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.”可知苔藓植物可以在漫长的冬季存活并在天气变暖时再生。因为Aulacomnium turgidum是苔藓类植物中的一种，因此也可在严寒中存活。故选C项。

　　8．Which of the following would best summarize the passage?

　　A．Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change.

　　B．400­year­old moss's survival is a mystery to solve.

　　C．Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada.

　　D．400­year­old plants were brought back to life.

　　答案：D　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知冰封400年的植物也可以在合适的温度中再次复活。故选D项。

　　.七选五

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两处为多余选项。

　　(2015·河北百校联盟3月模拟)

　　Many children like to eat snacks in everyday life, and some of them even have snacks during dinner. To maintain the normal meals and stay healthy, it is necessary to regularly eat snacks for children in their spare time. __1__

　　★Prepare healthy snacks in advance.

　　When you make something yourself，you get to control the ingredients(原料) and put in what's good for you! You can also keep plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables at home to take on the go.__2__Keep the servings in bags in the fridge, ready to grab and go.

　　★__3__

　　Make it a habit to store some fruit, whole­grain crackers, or baby carrots in your backpack so you always have some healthy food nearby. Half a cheese sandwich also makes a great snack to have on standby (备用)．

　　__4__

　　Healthy snacking doesn't have to be boring as long as you give yourself a variety of choices.

　　Whole­wheat biscuits with peanut butter or low­fat fruit yogurt are healthy, tasty, and easy.

　　★Satisfy cravings (渴望) with healthier approaches.

　　__5__ An 8­ounce mug of hot chocolate has only 140 calories and 3 grams of fat. A chocolate bar, on the other hand, has 230 calories and 13 grams of fat.

　　Evenings can be a tempting time to have sugary, fatty snacks. If you're really feeling hungry, don't ignore it. Instead, pick the right snacks to fill the hunger gap. Whole­wheat bread, rice cakes, or popcorn can do the trick, so can fruit paired with cheese or yogurt.

　　A．Make it interesting.

　　B．Keep healthy snacks with you.

　　C．Read serving size information.

　　D．Cut up melons or vegetables in advance.

　　E．Here are some ways to make healthy snacking part of your daily routine.

　　F．If you like to do some cooking about snacks, you can follow the following ways.

　　G．If you're crazy for chocolate, try a hot chocolate drink instead of a chocolate bar.

　　语篇解读：孩子喜欢吃零食，这很正常。可如何保证孩子零食吃得也健康呢？本文教给了我们一些方法。

　　1．E　下文给出了能让孩子吃上健康零食的四种方法，故选E。

　　2．D　D项与该段落的小标题呼应。

　　3．B　由下面的内容可知选B。

　　4．A　下面的“Healthy snacking doesn't_have_to_be_boring as long as you give yourself a variety of choices.”句中的boring一词与A项中的interesting照应。

　　5．G　由后面的关键词hot chocolate可知选G。

　　.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2015·山东模拟冲刺卷)

　　There are two factors __1__(determine) an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born __2__. Human brains differ __3__(consider), some being more capable than others.__4__ however good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment __5__ he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻碍) environmentally，it is __6__(like) that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

　　The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can __7__(show) by the case of the twins, Peter and Mark. When the twins were three months old, __8__ parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence with poor __9__(education) opportunities. Mark was educated in the home of well­to­do parents __10__ had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I．Q. was 125, twenty­five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his twin brother.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　语篇解读：有两种因素(先天因素和后天因素)可决定一个人的智力水平。即使先天因素再好，如果没有后天的学习，没有后天好的学习环境，先天因素也不会得到好的发展。

　　1．determining　考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词two factors与determine为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句意：有两个因素决定着一个人的智力水平。

　　2．with　本题以定语从句的形式考查介词。将先行词(the sort of brain) 代入定语从句后为：He is born (with) the sort of brain.由此可见设空处应为介词with。

　　3．considerably　考查副词。设空处需用副词作状语，修饰动词differ。considerably是副词，意为：相当多地，很，非常。

　　4．But　考查并列连词。前后句之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。

　　5．where　考查定语从句。先行词为environment，将先行词代入定语从句后为He is brought up in the environment.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故设空处应为where。

　　6．likely　考查固定表达。“It is likely that...”为固定句式，意为：……是可能的。

　　7．be shown　考查被动语态。show与句子主语The importance of environment in...为被动关系，故用被动语态。

　　8．their　考查物主代词。their代替the twins'，作parents的定语。

　　9．educational　考查形容词。设空处后为名词，由此可判断设空处应用形容词作定语修饰opportunities。

　　10．who　考查定语从句。先行词为well­to­do parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“人”，故填who。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Echo, my favorite teacher, is a pretty and slim lady. When she talks to us, she always has a smile on his face. I think Echo is gifted teacher because she has a lot of good teach methods. Her classes are so full of funs that you will never feel bored. To improve our grades, she usually gave us some advice on how to learn English well .What's more, she spends much her time helping her students instead of staying with her family. Sometimes, she hardly has any time to have the lunch. Whenever I ask her questions, she will spare no effort to make me understood, with patience or care. I have never seen so a good teacher as her before.

　　答案：

　　Echo, my favorite teacher, is a pretty and slim lady. When she talks to us, she always has a smile on

　　face. I think Echo is

　　gifted teacher because she has a lot of good

　　methods. Her classes are so full of

　　that you will never feel bored. To improve our grades, she usually

　　us some advice on how to learn English well .What's more, she spends much

　　her time helping her students instead of staying with her family. Sometimes, she hardly has any time to have the lunch. Whenever I ask her questions, she will spare no effort to make me ， with patience

　　care. I have never seen

　　a good teacher as her before.