2016届高考英语二轮复习微专题强化课件：5 阅读理解 1 细节理解题

　　信息错位，忽视题干 It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most coolheaded drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and is so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.

　　An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic steam without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.

　　Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive. Let alone master the roadmanship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give­and­take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to hear. Q．According to the passage, troubles on the road are often caused by ________. A．traffic jams B．great speed of modern life C．the behavior of the drivers D．terrible road conditions 错误分析：容易误选A或B，因为文章开头说到It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, “我们去追究交通拥堵、汽油涨价和生活节奏过快都是合理的”。因此A选项和B选项的信息在文章中都存在。但是并没有证据证明这两个信息是可以回答路上麻烦的原因的，因此说这两个干扰选项都和题干无关。学生由于把主要精力都放在选择正确答案上，因此一旦找到了叙述与短文事实相符的选项，就盲目地选它为答案，忽视了题目到底问什么，从而使所选答案答非所问。 答案：C　此题是细节理解题，考查文章中某一个细节问题。做这一类题的时候，要找出题干中的中心词，在文章中寻找出现这一中心词的位置并理解意思，然后对比四个选项中哪一个与其最相符。这类题出现的特点是，不管是问题的设置还是选项的设置可能都不会和原文一模一样，而是有一定变化，如用其同义词进行表达。比如此题，题干的中心词是troubles, 但是我们在文中并没有发现troubles, 却发现了它的同义词quarrelling and fighting。原句说a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. “些许的礼貌就会很大程度上降低吵架和打架发生的可能性。”而全文是讲司机的礼貌问题的，所以可以推断问题发生是司机不礼貌引起的，而C选项“司机的举止”和答案最接近，因此选C。 核心考点 对应演练 走向高考 · 英语 第一部分 微专题强化练 五　阅读理解 第一部分 1　细节理解题 考 向 分 析 考 题 引 路 强 化 训 练 2 3 1 易 错 防 范 4 考 向 分 析 年份 试题 细节理解题数 命题趋势 2017 卷Ⅰ 6 细节理解题数量逐年增加，考查由简单寻找信息转向多层次细节综合。 卷Ⅱ 10 2015 卷Ⅰ 9 卷Ⅱ 12 考 题 引 路 Passage 1 (2015·课标全国Ⅰ·B) The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”．I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C)，thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best part—particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold­weather root vegetables—was a 7 a．m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake­up call. The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a．m. to 1 p．m.，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries；the red­painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all，the tomatoes: amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes. Disappointed by many a broken，vine­ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise，I've refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they're unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown's Grove Farm's stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real deal—and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew I'd be ordering every tomato on it. 立意与点拨：本文是记叙文。讲的是作者在冬天离开寒冷的纽约到佛罗里达州的萨拉索塔的经历。那里气候宜人，水果蔬菜新鲜美味。对第一段第一句的正确理解有助于理解全文。根据第三段最后一句可知，The freezing Northeast指的就是New York，由此可推断出第1题的答案。第三段主要讲述了在冬天，寒冷的纽约的西红柿和温暖的萨拉索塔的西红柿口味大不相同。根据第二句可知，纽约的西红柿只是看起来诱人，实际上又干又硬，没有味道。 1．What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A．Exciting.B．Boring. C．Relaxing. D．Annoying. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so...可知，纽约不是一个过冬的好地方，选项中与句中的hasn't been a terribly fun相对应的是boring，故选B项。 2．What made the author's getting up early worthwhile? A．Having a swim. B．Breathing in fresh air. C．Walking in the morning sun. D．Visiting a local farmers' market. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句．..a 7 a. m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake­up call.可知，作者早上7点去农贸市场是很值得早起的事情，故选D项。 3．What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? A．They are soft. B．They look nice. C．They taste great. D．They are juicy. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.可知，在冬季，纽约的西红柿只是外表吸引人，买回家之后才发现它们又干又硬，而且无味，故选B项。 4．What was the author going to do that evening? A．Go to a farm. B．Check into a hotel. C．Eat in a restaurant. D．Buy fresh vegetables. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句．..a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night.可知，作者晚上要在餐馆吃饭，故选C项。 Passage 2 (2017·课标全国Ⅰ·A) The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.

　　Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday，February 8th. Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：//cambridgesciencefestival.org. 文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则通知，告诉大家“剑桥科学节第六届好奇心挑战赛”即将开始，同时介绍了大赛的参赛人员、奖励办法等相关事项。解答此类体裁文章的试题时宜采用“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题的要求，有针对性地结合题干中的关键词定位到文中，这样便能快速寻找有效信息，然后再将原文和选项进行对比。本文中第1、2题宜采用“题干定位法”。本文第一段是全文的主题段落。第一段第一句中的关键词inform提示写作意图，告诉我们这是一个通知。 第二句给出了活动参与对象和内容，即第1题的答案线索所在。文章的第二段、第三段和第四段分别提到了参赛作品的形式、奖励方法以及闭幕式的一些信息。第三段第一句介绍了选手获奖后的活动，并说明了颁奖仪式举行的时间。 1．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? A．School students. B．Cambridge locals. C．CSF winners. D．MIT artists. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段“The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14...”以及第三段“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge...”可知，学校的学生可以参加好奇心挑战。 2．When will the prize­giving ceremony be held? A．On February 8th. B．On March 10th. C．On March 15th. D．On April 21st. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.”获胜的学生将参与4月21日在星期天举行的特别颁奖典礼，因此可知颁奖典礼将在4月21日举行。 3．What type of writing is this text? A．An exhibition guide. B．An art show review. C．An announcement. D．An official report. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章内容介绍的是第六届剑桥科技节赛事的相关情况，再结合文章结尾处最后一句话说的是此项赛事的指导方针以及其他相关信息可登陆给定的网址查询，由此可推断出本文应该是一篇公告。