must, have to和have got to
这是三个易混淆的词,都有必须的意思,但是从用法上和很多的意义上都有很多的不同。例如,must可以表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句;表示肯定的猜测,而have to 表示一种客观的需要,同时,have to 与have got to 常可以互换。
一、must的用法
①表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为必须,得,要;由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是不必;must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止,意思是不能,不许。如:
We must find a good method to learn computer well.
我们必须找一个学好电脑的方法。
Must I finish the task right now?
我现在必须完成这个工作吗?
Yes,you must. / Yes,you have to.
(No,you neednt. / No,you dont have to.)
You mustnt come here without permission. 未经允许,你不能来这儿。
②表示肯定的猜测,常用于肯定句中,意思为 一定是, 必然。注意must表示推断或猜测的几种情况。如:
Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.
你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生(现在的猜测)。
He must be reading newspapers in the reading room now.
他此刻一定正在阅览室读报(正在进行的猜测)。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面上是湿的(过去的猜测)。
二、have to / have got to 的用法
①must表示一种主观的需要,而have to 表示一种客观的需要,意思是不得不。 如:
I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.
今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。
Mother is out,so I have to look after the shop.
妈妈不在家,因此我不得不照看商店。
②have to 的否定形式是dont have to,相当于neednt.如:
They dont have to buy a computer at present.
他们目前没有必要买电脑。
③have to 与have got to 常可以互换。
三、巩固练习:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Mike,you ______ play with fire. You______ burn yourself.
A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may
C. dont have to; must D. have got to; shouldnt
2.You ______ see the doctor,Joe. You dont look very well.
A. must B. shall
C. may D. can
3.Must I clean the window now?
No,you ______.
A. mustnt B. neednt
C. cant D. may not
4.Jacks ill,so they ______ change their plans.
A. must B. should
C. have got to D. ought to
5.Harry has been reading all day he ______ be tired.
A. should B. has got to
C. has to D. must
Key :1-5 BABCD
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