2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关：必修1 Unit 5《Nelson Mandela-a modern hero》（含解析）

　　Ⅰ.单句语法填空

　　1．Although he made a serious mistake in his work，he was lucky to escape ____________ (fire) by his boss.

　　答案： being fired

　　2．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be ____________ (equal) respected.

　　答案： equally

　　3．Everything begins hard. Don’t hesitate to turn ____________ me if you are in difficulty.

　　答案： to

　　4．Anyway，I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____________ (principle)．

　　答案： principles

　　5．Some students are very ____________ (actively) in answering teachers’ questions while others just keep silent when asked any question.

　　答案： active

　　6．Of all the things I have done in my professional career，nothing has been more ____________ (reward) than writing that book.

　　答案： rewarding

　　7．It is wrong to see ____________ (violent) as the only way to solve problems.

　　答案： violence

　　8．We live in an age ____________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

　　答案： when

　　9．Teacher’s ____________ (devote) to education should receive great respect from everyone because it benefits the development of society.

　　答案： devotion

　　10．Little John hardly got anything in reward for his kind act，____________ made him unhappy.

　　答案： which

　　.阅读理解

　　John Nash，a Nobel Prize winner and a mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar­winning film A Beautiful Mind，was killed in a car accident on May 23th,2015.

　　Born in West Virginia，Nash displayed a keenness for mathematics early in life，independently proving Femret’s little theorem (定理) before graduating from high school. By the time he turned 30 in 1958，he was an unquestionable academic celebrity. At Princeton，Nash published a 27­page thesis that led to applications to economics，international politics，and evolutionary biology.

　　His signature solution—known as a “Nash Equilibrium (纳什均衡)”—found that competition among two opponents，not necessarily governed by zero­sum logic. Two opponents can，for instance，each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other，or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. It is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century.

　　In the late 1950s，Nash began a slide into mental illness. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994，he hadn’t published a paper in 36 years. But like a child cured of a nightmare by the switch of a light，Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. He continued to work，travel，and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.

　　In 2001，the release of

　　the film A Beautiful Mind，based on Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of the same name，introduced Nash’s unusual life story to an international audience.

　　【文章大意】　本文为人物传记，介绍了获得诺贝尔奖的数学天才约翰·纳什的精彩人生。

　　1．John Nash passed away because of ________.

　　A．a mental illness 　B．overwork

　　C．a traffic accident

　　D．starvation

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。从文章第一段“John Nash，a Nobel Prize winner...was killed in a car accident on May 23th,2015.”可知答案，故选C。

　　2．According to “Nash Equilibrium”，what will happen if

　　two opponents refuse to cooperate?

　　A．They will get nothing at all.

　　B．They will get what they really want.

　　C．They will lose the support

　　from each other.

　　D．They will achieve their maximum objectives.

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。从文章第三段第二句“Two opponents can，for instance，each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other，or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate.”可知答案，故选A。

　　3．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A．John Nash’s Sudden

　　Death

　　B．John Nash’s Extraordinary Life

　　C．John Nash’s Equilibrium

　　D．John Nash’s Mental Illness

　　解析：选B。标题判断题。文章介绍了有关约翰·纳什的纳什均衡理论、精神分裂和遭遇车祸而死亡等内容，这些都是约翰·纳什的非凡人生经历，故选B。

　　.完形填空

　　(2016·福州高三质量检测)My grandma is good at gardening.She could make anything bloom(开花)．__1__ me.In my eyes，she was inspiring and __2__.For most of her life，she lived on a farm，where she __3__ four children，and buried my grandpa.

　　I visited her on weekends.After the gardening work，I was __4__ to climb the mountain，singing songs and gathering flowers.Sometimes the plants scratched me.She would say，“Beauty has a __5__.I hope it was worth it.”

　　“Yes，ma’ma，”I’d say.“__6__was.”

　　I loved gathering flowers on my own.__7__ what I loved best was gathering them with her.Even then，as a child，I knew what

　　I __8__ most from my grandma was not her flowers，but her __9__.She’s been gone for years，but sometimes，when I __10__ down to pick a flower or pull a weed，I see her __11__，not mine.

　　I thought I’d __12__ to be a gardener too.I told myself，someday，__13__ my children had children，I’d be a gardening grandma.Then the __14__ started showing up，and I discovered I’d much rather run after them than go __15__.Actually I’m no gardener.I’m a picker，not a planter.I __16__ from my grandma in lots of ways，but this：I will always carry __17__ me a heart she made from her own.

　　I __18__ plant a garden.My children are my flowers.They __19__ and complete me with a beauty that is worth any price.All I need to do is __20__

　　them with time，water them with love，and hope that someday，when they hold their first grandchild，they might see my hand.

　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者小时候被祖母关爱，从而把这种爱在孩子们中传递下去的感人故事。

　　1．A.Not

　　B．Only

　　C．Even

　　D．Often

　　解析：选C。A项意为“没有，不是”；B项意为“仅仅”；C项意为“甚至”；D项意为“经常”。句意：祖母可以让任何事物都开花，甚至是我。根据对全文的整体理解可知，作者的祖母不仅照顾花儿，而且也照顾年幼的作者，如呵护花儿一般，此处有比喻的含义。故答案选C。

　　2．A.famous

　　B．caring

　　C．humorous

　　D．amusing

　　解析：选B。A项意为“著名的”；B项意为“关爱他人的”；C项意为“幽默的”；D项意为“搞笑的”。根据空格前的“inspiring”，并结合上文“My grandma is good at gardening.”可知，作者的祖母是一个充满爱心的人。故答案选B。

　　3．A.brought up

　　B．took in

　　C．relied on

　　D．turned to

　　解析：选A。A项意为“抚养”；B项意为“吸收，欺骗”；C项意为“依赖”；D项意为“转向”。根据本句中的“For most of her life，she lived on a farm”可知，祖母一生基本上都是在农场上度过的。在这里她抚养了四个孩子，埋葬了祖父。故答案选A。

　　4．A.determined

　　B．anxious

　　C．curious

　　D．free

　　解析：选D。A项意为“有决心的”；B项意为“焦虑的”；C项意为“好奇的”；D项意为“自由的，免费的”。根据语境“climb the mountain，singing songs and gathering flowers”可知，做完园艺工作之后，作者在祖母那里自由地爬山、唱歌和采花。故答案选D。

　　5．A.standard

　　B．range

　　C．quality

　　D．price

　　解析：选D。A项意为“标准”；B项意为“范围”；C项意为“质量”；D项意为“代价，价钱”。结合最后一段第三句中“and complete me with a beauty that is worth any price”可知，此处表示美是需要代价的。故答案选D。

　　6．A.It

　　B．I

　　C．She

　　D．That

　　解析：选A。与上文“I hope it was worth it.”在形式上相呼应，表达作者赞同祖母的观点，认为它是值得的。故答案选A。

　　7．A.So

　　B．Or

　　C．But

　　D．And

　　解析：选C。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“或者，否则”；C项意为“但是”；D项意为“而且”。根据空格后的“what I loved best was gathering them with her”可知，空格前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系。故答案选C。

　　8．A.wanted

　　B．learned

　　C．picked

　　D．borrowed

　　解析：选A。A项意为“想要”；B项意为“学习，了解到”；C项意为“捡起”；D项意为“借入”。根据上文“what I loved best”可知，作者知道自己最需要的是什么。故答案选A。

　　9．A.possession

　　B．promise

　　C．beauty

　　D．time

　　解析：选D。A项意为“拥有，所有物”；B项意为“允诺”；C项意为“美丽”；D项意为“时间”。根据最后一段第四句中“All I need to do is ________ them with time”可知，作者需要的是祖母花时间来陪自己，关心自己。故答案选D。

　　10．A.climb

　　B．look

　　C．reach

　　D．sit

　　解析：选C。A项意为“爬”；B项意为“看”；C项意为“到达，(伸手)触及”；D项意为“坐”。根据语境“to pick a flower or pull a weed”提示可知，此处表示作者伸手去摘花或是拔草。故答案选C。

　　11．A.smile

　　B．hand

　　C．soul

　　D．spirit

　　解析：选B。A项意为“微笑”；B项意为“手”；C项意为“灵魂”；D项意为“精神”。根据文章最后一句中的“they might see my hand”可知，此处表示作者看到了祖母的手。故答案选B。

　　12．A.sign up

　　B．come up

　　C．grow up

　　D．stand up

　　解析：选C。A项意为“签名”；B项意为“出现”；C项意为“长大”；D项意为“站起来”。根据文章内容可知，想要成为一个园丁，对于当时年纪还小的作者来讲只是一个长大后的梦想而已。故答案选C。

　　13．A.since

　　B．when

　　C．until

　　D．unless

　　解析：选B。A项意为“自从，因为”；B项意为“当……时”；C项意为“直到”；D项意为“除非”。根据句意可知，此处表示当作者的孩子有孩子的时候。when意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故答案选B。

　　14．A.grandbabies

　　B．neighbours

　　C．relatives

　　D．visitors

　　解析：选A。A项意为“孙子(女)”；B项意为“邻居”；C项意为“亲戚”；D项意为“访客”。根据语境“Then”，并结合上句“I’d be a gardening grandma.”可知，作者自己也做了祖母，并且发现自己更愿意跟在孙辈们身后而不是去修理花草。故答案选A。

　　15．A.sightseeing

　　B．climbing

　　C．singing

　　D．digging

　　解析：选D。A项意为“看风景”；B项意为“攀爬”；C项意为“唱歌”；D项意为“挖掘”。根据上文“I’d be a gardening grandma.”可知，作者想成为一个会园艺的祖母，自然是在院子里挖东西或修理花草枝叶。故答案选D。

　　16．A.pass

　　B．differ

　　C．develop

　　D．separate

　　解析：选B。A项意为“通过，传递”；B项意为“不同于”；C项意为“发展”；D项意为“分开，隔离”。根据“but this：I will always carry ______ me a heart she made from her own”可知，尽管作者可能与自己的祖母有许多不同之处，但是有一点是类似的，即心中充满爱。故答案选B。

　　17．A.to

　　B．for

　　C．beyond

　　D．within

　　解析：选D。A项意为“对于”；B项意为“为了”；C项意为“超越”；D项意为“在……里面”。对孩子们的爱意是作者从祖母那里继承下来，并且存于内心的东西。故答案选D。

　　18．A.can’t

　　B．needn’t

　　C．mustn’t

　　D．shouldn’t

　　解析：选B。A项意为“不可能”；B项意为“不需要”；C项意为“禁止”；D项意为“不应该”。根据下文“All I need to do is...”可知，此处指作者不需要真的去种一个花园。故答案选B。

　　19．A.treat

　　B．challenge

　　C．delight

　　D．value

　　解析：选C。A项意为“治疗，招待”；B项意为“挑战”；C项意为“使高兴，使开心”；D项意为“珍惜”。作者将自己的孩子比作花儿，自己的孩子使自己开心就像祖母的花儿使她开心一样。故答案选C。

　　20．A.tend

　　B．miss

　　C．promote

　　D．influence

　　解析：选A。A项意为“照顾，管理，护理”；B项意为“错过，想念”；C项意为“促进”；D项意为“影响”。根据语境“water them with love”可知，作者全心全意地照顾着孩子们。故答案选A。

　　.语法填空

　　[2016·山东省日照市校际联合检测(二)]Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and

　　1.__________ (balance) diet. For most individuals，as

　　2.____________

　　result of eating foods rich in fats and sugar several years，they choose to go on a diet but do not succeed at the end. Be sure to be with a strong

　　3.____________ (aware) that you are

　　4.__________

　　you eat! Therefore，maintaining a healthy diet not only

　　5.____________ (provide) your body with energy but also has numerous health benefits. One is that you will keep a healthy weight and is also the easiest and most

　　6.____________ (benefit) way in which you can be energetic and protect yourself

　　7.____________

　　a number of diseases when growing old. Another benefit is that you will meet your everyday nutritional

　　8.____________ (require).

　　9.____________ (basic) speaking，you should ensure that you take good amount of vegetables，grains，milk and proteins. In most cases，a healthy diet can help you decrease the risk of

　　10.____________ (get) some diseases like diabetes and cancer.

　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现代的人们如何去享受健康的饮食。

　　1．解析：考查形容词用法。根据空后的diet判断应用形容词形式，故填balanced。

　　答案：balanced

　　2．解析：考查冠词。根据词组as a result of由于，因为。故填a。

　　答案：a

　　3．解析：考查名词的用法。根据空前的a strong判断应用名词形式，故填awareness。

　　答案：awareness

　　4．解析：考查表语从句用法。根据空后的表语从句缺少eat的宾语判断填what。

　　答案：what

　　5．解析：考查主谓一致用法。根据该句的主语是maintaining a healthy diet判断谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填provides。

　　答案：provides

　　6．解析：考查形容词用法。根据空后的way判断应用形容词形式，故填beneficial。

　　答案：beneficial

　　7．解析：考查介词用法。根据词组protect sth. from/against sth.让……免受……。故填from/against。

　　答案：from/against

　　8．解析：考查名词用法。根据前文的动词meet和空前的your everyday nutritional判断应用名词形式，可知填requirement(s)。

　　答案：requirement(s)

　　9．解析：考查副词用法。根据空后是speaking判断用副词形式，故填basically。注意首字母大写。

　　答案：Basically

　　10．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词of判断用动词­ing形式作宾语，故填getting。

　　答案：getting