《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件：专题18 推理判断

　　第2部分 阅读理解 专题18

　　推理判断 目 录

　　600分考点

　　真题例解 Passage 1 Passage 2

　　700分考法

　　完美应对 题型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查隐含意义的推断 考法2

　　考查作者态度、观点的推断 考法3

　　考查写作目的的推断 考法4

　　考查文章出处的推断 常用的解题方法 题型应考技巧

　　600分考点

　　真题例解 Passage 1 Passage 2 体裁：说明文

　　主题：法国的特色咖啡馆

　　词数：354

　　建议用时：8′

　　Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think,’‘Think me’.”

　　A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

　　由该句可看出，利安娜鼓励来咖啡店的顾客表达自己的真实感受。

　　“I think”与“Think me”呼应本段第三句，强调利安娜的主题咖啡馆的交流方式。 句中破折号后的内容点明了主题咖啡馆在法国出现的背景：法国现代生活方式的改变，即更长的工作时间、快餐业的兴起和年轻人喜欢花更多的时间呆在家里等导致了人们不经常去咖啡馆，因此，需要有新的主题咖啡馆出现来改变这种情况。 Passage

　　1 语篇线索 ［课标全国Ⅰ 2015·D］

　　The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.

　　最后一段第一句是本段的主题句：“心理咖啡馆”会给需要的人巨大的安慰，因而成为最受欢迎的地方之一。 语篇线索

　　1.What are people encouraged to do at

　　the cafe La Chope?

　　A.Learn a new subject.

　　B.Keep in touch with friends.

　　C.Show off their knowledge.

　　D.Express their true feelings. 2.How are cafes affected by French

　　lifestyle changes?

　　A.They are less frequently visited.

　　B.They stay open for longer hours.

　　C.They have bigger night crowds.

　　D.They start to serve fast food. 【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了“精神咖啡馆”在法国的社会意义和特色功能。

　　1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. 可知，乔普咖啡馆鼓励人们表达他们真正的情感。故选D项。

　　2.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第四句Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. 可知，多年来，巴黎的咖啡馆成了法国人生活方式改变的受害者，例如工作时间变长、快餐业的兴起以及年轻人渴望花更多的时间呆在家里。这些生活方式的改变都导致了人们不经常去咖啡馆，故选A项。

　　3.What are theme cafes expected to do?

　　A.Create more jobs.

　　B.Supply better drinks.

　　C.Save the cafe business.

　　D.Serve the neighborhood.

　　4.Why are psychology cafes becoming

　　popular in Paris?

　　A.They bring people true friendship.

　　B.They give people spiritual support.

　　C.They help people realize their dreams.

　　D.They offer a platform for business links. 3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第五句Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. 可知，很多新主题咖啡馆的出现似乎改变了现状，也就是拯救了咖啡馆行业，故选C项。

　　4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. 可知，“心理咖啡馆”在巴黎成为最受欢迎的地方之一，是因为它们给予人们很大的安慰，即给予了人们精神上的支持，故选B项。 体裁：议论文

　　主题：生活态度

　　词数：330

　　建议用时：5′

　　A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

　　How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

　　第一段的事例通常作铺垫引出话题。因此，要注意作者的写作意图。

　　第二段提出了文章的主旨，人类和狮子面对多种选择时反应是一样的，由此提出问题引发读者思考。 Passage

　　2 语篇线索 ［课标全国Ⅰ 2017·C］

　　This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.

　　It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become… take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

　　第三段提出了作者和大家的困惑，并作为下文的衔接过渡。由本段第一句中的confused，conflicting information等关键词可以看出，作者对专家持怀疑态度。 最后一段点题，归纳总结，提出了解决方法。由第二句和第五句可推断，作者建议人们面临多种选择时要快速作出决定。 语篇线索

　　1.Why does the lion tamer use a

　　chair?

　　A.To trick the lion.

　　B.To show off his skills.

　　C.To get ready for a fight.

　　D.To entertain the audience. 2.In what sense are people similar to a

　　lion facing a chair?

　　A.They feel puzzled over choices.

　　B.They hold on to the wrong things.

　　C.They find it hard to make changes.

　　D.They have to do something for

　　show. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。面对众多选择的时候，我们是迷茫徘徊不前，还是集中关注我们想要做的事情并且果断开始行动呢？成功人士的经验告诉我们，只要有了清晰的目标，就要马上开始行动。

　　1.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句和第三句可知，鞭子只是为了表演，而真正起作用的是椅子。是椅子的四条腿让狮子感到困惑，从而选择静止不动，无法去袭击驯兽师。故选A项。

　　2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，人类在面临众多选择的时候，也常常会感到困惑。这和上文提到的狮子面临的情况相似。故选A项。

　　3.What is the author’s attitude

　　toward the experts mentioned in

　　Paragraph 3?

　　A.Tolerant.

　　B.Doubtful.

　　C.Respectful.

　　D.Supportive. 4.When the world is “waving a chair

　　in your face”, you’re advised

　　to______.

　　A.wait for a better chance

　　B.break your old habits

　　C.make a quick decision

　　D.ask for clear guidance 3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，所有的专家都在忙于讨论哪种选择最好，但是那些想改善生活的人还是对那些互相矛盾的信息感到困惑。这也正是“我”一直为此而烦恼的原因。由此可以推断，作者对那些专家持怀疑的态度。故选B项。

　　4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句和第五句可知，当你面对生活向你抛出的众多选择时，最好的做法就是立刻作出决定，马上采取行动。故选C项。

　　700分考法

　　完美应对 题型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查隐含意义的推断 考法2

　　考查作者态度、观点的推断 考法3

　　考查写作目的的推断 考法4

　　考查文章出处的推断 考法1

　　考查隐含意义的推断 例 ［天津2015·C ］ 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中… she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可知，作者后来成了一名成功的作家。故选A项。

　　A 49. What can be inferred from the

　　last paragraph?

　　A.The author has become a

　　successful writer.

　　B.The author’s mother read the

　　same book.

　　C.The author’s mother

　　rewarded him with books.

　　D.The author has had happy

　　summers ever since. 考法2

　　考查作者态度、观点的推断 例 ［课标全国Ⅰ 2017·C］ 【解析】推理判断题——推测作者的态度。根据本段第一句可知，所有的专家都在忙于讨论哪种选择最好，但是那些想改善生活的人还是对那些相互矛盾的信息感到困惑，这也正是“我”一直为此烦恼的原因。由此可推断，作者对那些专家持怀疑态度。故选B项。

　　B 30.What is the author’s attitude

　　toward the experts mentioned in

　　Paragraph 3?

　　A.Tolerant.

　　B.Doubtful.

　　C.Respectful.

　　D.Supportive. 考法3

　　考查写作目的的推断 考法3

　　考查写作目的的推断 例 ［辽宁2017·A］ 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,本文作者的写作目的是强调用笔做笔记的益处。故选B项。

　　B 23.The author of the passage aims to____.

　　A. examine the importance of long-term

　　memory

　　B. stress the benefit of taking notes by

　　hand

　　C. explain the process of taking notes

　　D. promote the use of laptops

　　B 考法4

　　考查文章出处的推断 例 ［ 2017辽宁·A ］ 【解析】推理判断题。文章介绍的是一项实验研究，属于科普类文章，由此可推断出文章应出自科学杂志。故选C项。

　　C 24.The passage is likely to

　　appear in______.

　　A. a newspaper advertisement

　　B. a computer textbook

　　C. a science magazine

　　D. a finance report 题型应考技巧 常用的解题方法 常用的解题方法 方法1 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 常用的解题方法 方法2 整合全文(段)信息进行推断 常用的解题方法 方法3 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度及意图 常用的解题方法 常用的解题方法 常用的解题方法 方法4 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论 常用的解题方法 方法5 结合已有的知识进行推断