2017届重庆市高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选编精练：125（含解析）

　　重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（125）（附解析）

　　2016高考训练题----阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Study finds being sociable is good for your health, while loneliness is as bad for you as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

　　A circle of close friends and strong family ties can improve a person’s health more than exercise, losing weight or quitting cigarettes and alcohol, psychologists say. Sociable people seem to benefit extra rewards from their relationships by feeling less stressed, taking better care of themselves and having less risky lifestyles than those who are more lonely, they say.

　　A review of studies into the effect of relationships on health found that people had a 50% better survival rate if they belonged to a wider social group, be it friends, neighbors, relatives or a mix of these.

　　The obvious effect of social connections on health has led researchers to call on health officials to take loneliness as seriously as other health risks, such as alcoholism(酗酒) and smoking.

　　“We take relationships for granted as humans,” said Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist at Brigham Young University in Utah. “ That continuous interaction(相互影响) is beneficial not only psychologically but physically.”

　　Holt-Lunstad’s team reviewed 148 studies that followed the social interactions and health of 308,849 people over an average of 7.5 years. From these they worked out how death rates differed depending on how sociable a person was.

　　Holt-Lunstad said friends and family can improve health in many ways, from help in tough times to finding meaning in life. “When someone is connected to a group and feels responsibility to other people, that sense of purpose and meaning changes into taking better care of themselves and taking fewer risks.”

　　1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The serious consequence of loneliness.

　　B. Studies of Holt-Lunstad’s team.

　　C. Being sociable makes you live longer.

　　D. Cigarettes and alcohol do harm to health.

　　2. What’s the author’s attitude towards the connection with friends?

　　A. Concerned.

　　B. Worried.

　　C. Negative.

　　D. Approving.

　　3. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　A. Death rates depend on serious smoking.

　　B. Being social is good for physical health.

　　C. A strong family tie is helpful for your health.

　　D. Loneliness will cause other health risks.

　　【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。孤独使人难受，还带来一些其他的身体危害。然而，与朋友、家人、亲戚的交流会使你身体健康，同时延长寿命，而且有益于其他方面的发展。

　　.C【命题立意】 主旨大意题。考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括理解能力。

　　【试题解析】 有全文和第一段内容可确定，文章主要介绍社交有益于身心健康并使人长寿。

　　2.D【命题立意】 推理判断题。考查考生推理判断的能力。

　　【试题解析】 根据全文可知，作者对于建立良好的社会关系是支持的。

　　3.A【命题立意】 细节理解题。考查学生对细节信息的提取能力。

　　【试题解析】 根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，死亡率取决于社交能力如何，但未提到随多少而变。

　　(2015·山西省太原市二模)

　　Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observation.

　　New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean.

　　Scientists estimate the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.

　　While scientists have speculated(推测) since 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede—the largest moon in our solar system—until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.

　　This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.

　　Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europe,_another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.

　　Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant planets as well.

　　文章大意：这是一篇关于天文知识的资讯报道。科学家们通过Hubble望远镜判断在木星上发现海洋的存在，人们期待更多的地球以外的生命存在。

　　8．What can we learn about the Ganymede from the passage?

　　A．It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system.

　　B．Its ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth.

　　C．It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.

　　D．Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据通过第五段中“A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.”可知海洋增加了人们关于地球以外的生命的兴奋。故选B。

　　9．Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Hubble?

　　A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.

　　C．Negative. D．Favourable.

　　答案：D　推理判断题。Cautious谨慎的；Doubtful怀疑的；Negative否定的；Favourable支持的。根据通过第五段中“This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplished.”可知作者对Hubble的态度是支持的。故选D。

　　10．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?

　　A．An underground ocean has been found in Europe.

　　B．The presence of an underground ocean in Europe is not possible.

　　C．It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europe.

　　D．No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europe.

　　答案：C　句意猜测题。通过横线句子中的“confirm the existence” 和“NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.”可知欧洲上空可能有海洋是确定的。故选C。

　　11．What type of writing does this passage belong to?

　　A．A term essay. B．A news report.

　　C．An experiment report. D．An exploration review.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。A term essay一个学期论文；A news report一个资讯报道；An experiment report 一个实验报告；An exploration review一个探索评论。通过第一段“Washington: NASA has announced evidence...”格式及文章内容可知。故选B。

　　（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文　话题：能源安全　词数：319　时间：5′

　　Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.

　　Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses.It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us.There are other things like that.For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver.Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector.But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

　　At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs.But even the lowest levels can do serious damage.There is no level of radiation that is completely safe.If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious.This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones.But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble.They can grow into cancer.Sometimes this does not show up for many years.

　　This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation.Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred.A person can be irradiated(辐射)and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result.Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.

　　Radiation can hurt us.We must know the truth.

　　【语篇解读】　核能源对健康、安全、甚至是生命本身的危害都能用一个词来概括：辐射。

　　1．What is the most dangerous factor of nuclear power?

　　A．Amount.

　　B．Quantity.

　　C．Radiation.

　　D．Place.

　　答案　C　

　　2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．Nuclear radiation can do little harm to human beings.

　　B．Nuclear radiation can do harm to human beings.

　　C．Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses.

　　D．Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves.

　　答案　B　

　　3．How can nuclear radiation kill an animal?

　　A．By damaging its heart.

　　B．By killing a few cells in its body.

　　C．By hitting any place in its body.

　　D．By killing many cells in important organs.

　　答案　D　

　　4Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery because ________．

　　A．it can do harm to a person while the victim doesn't know

　　B．human beings learn its harmfulness

　　C．nuclear radiation can kill a person very easily

　　D．human beings have no effective machine to detect nuclear radiation

　　答案　A　

　　．If a human being is hit by nuclear radiation, he may ________．

　　A．die of cancer after many years

　　B．die immediately

　　C．have a child who may be born weak

　　D．all of the above

　　答案　D　(2015·山东省威海市二模)

　　Run, swim, lift weights, do yoga—do something, because it's good for you. Many studies tell us that regular exercise not only helps our bodies but improves memory, and eases anxiety. But what is happening to the mind during workout to create all these benefits?

　　A new study from Sweden suggests that a specific protein found in trained muscles might contribute to exercise's mental benefits. This protein, the researchers found, might help our bodies process molecules that, if out of balance, can stress us and contribute to depression(萎靡不振). The findings were published in the journal Cell.

　　To test this, the researchers kept attacking some mice with flashing lights, loud noises and interrupting their sleep for weeks. Predictably, this treatment makes the mice show signs and biochemical markers of depression.

　　But not all the mice showed those signs. One group, specially raised to have high levels of a protein called PGC­1alpha1 (the one in trained muscles), did not show those depression signs. PGC­1alpha1 increases production of an enzyme that breaks down a chemical called kynurenine. Kynurenine helps the body respond to an activated immune system(活性免疫系统), but it also plays a role in depression.

　　“Our original research assumption was that trained muscle would produce a substance(物质) with beneficial effects on the brain，” Jorge Ruas of the Karolinska Institute told Forbes.com. “We actually found the opposite: well­trained muscle produces an enzyme that removes harmful substances away from the body.”

　　This study was in mice, but it lines up nicely with all the other lines of evidence that exercise is good for mental health.

　　文章大意：体育锻炼有益身心健康，但是我们的大脑在锻炼过程中发生了什么变化从而有益于我们的身心的呢？本文给出了答案：锻炼的肌肉中产生了一种enzyme物质，它带走了我们身体里的有害物质。

　　12．According to the study, which of the following is bad for your mental health?

　　A．Protein. B．Molecule.

　　C．Enzyme. D．Kynurenine.

　　答案：D　细节理解题。由第四段最后一句话“...but it also plays a role in depression.”可知，Kynurenine会造成我们心情萎靡不振。该题易误选B项，由第二段倒数第二句话“molecules that, if out of balance, can stress us and contribute to depression(萎靡不振)”可知，该物质本身无害，只有当它在身体内失衡时才有害，所以不选。

　　13．What conclusion have the researchers drawn from the study?

　　A．Unbalanced exercise leads you to depression.

　　B．Well­fed mice survive better though being ill­treated.

　　C．Trained muscle produces a substance good for brain.

　　D．Regular exercise helps to clear rubbish away from body.

　　答案：D　细节理解题。由第五段最后一句话“...well­trained muscle produces an enzyme that removes harmful substances away from the body...”可知。

　　14．According to the last paragraph, the result of the study is ________.

　　A．reliable B．doubtful

　　C．predictable D．ambiguous

　　答案：A　推理判断题。该研究是在老鼠身上做的，但是它与其他研究非常吻合，所以该研究结果是可信的。

　　15．What's the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Why do you need regular exercise?

　　B．What matters most for your body?

　　C．How does exercise help your brain?

　　D．Why are mice chosen for the study?

　　答案：C　主旨大意题。由文章大意可知。

　　Feel tired lately?Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you?Perhaps he sends you to a hospital,but all the advanced equipment there shows there is nothing wrong with you.

　　Then,consider this:you might be in a state of sub-health(亚健康).

　　Sub-health,also called the third state or gray state,is explained as borderline state between health and disease.

　　According to the investigation by the National Organization,over 45 percent of sub-health people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.

　　Symptoms(征兆)include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia(失眠),agitation, and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs.

　　The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly,and take part in open air activities.

　　As for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements(微量元素)—that are important to the body.

　　Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.

　　1.When you are in a state of sub-health,you should ________.

　　A .stay home and keep silent

　　B. go to a doctor and buy some medicine

　　C. not consider it very serious

　　D. find out the reasons and relax yourself

　　提示:从全文可以看出，亚健康是身体对压力、疲劳的一种反应，即使最先进的仪器也查不出病因。所以不必去医院，也不必吃药，但是不能听之任之，不认真对待。正确的方法是找出原因、减轻压力、消除疲劳、平衡膳食。

　　答案:D

　　2.Middle-aged people may be easy to get sub-health because ________.

　　A. they have used up their energy

　　B. they have lost their living hopes

　　C. they have more pressure in life and work

　　D. they have changed their way of life

　　提示:亚健康的起因与疲劳有关系，但不是已将体力用完，排除A项。B、D两项文章没涉及。根据常识和第四段最后一句，我们也能判断正确答案为C项。

　　答案:C

　　3.The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is to ________.

　　A. keep on working regularly

　　B. go to sleep a bit earlier

　　C. form good living habits

　　D. take medicine if necessary

　　答案:C 文章倒数第三段第一句“…is to form good living habits”

　　4.The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to ________.

　　A. arrange by turns

　　B. cause to take place

　　C. make up for

　　D. keep away from

　　答案:A 从文中可看出：形成好的生活习惯，要劳逸结合，即轮流工作与休息