2017届高考英语一轮复习《全优课堂》核心语法项项破课件：专题2 代词、介词和介词短语（新人教版）

　　at ease　安心自在； 不拘束 at work　在工作 at risk　有危险； 冒险

　　2．by hand　用手工 by mistake　错误地 by nature　天生地；天然地 by chance/accident　偶然 by design　故意地 by contrast　相比之下；与之相比 3．from beginning to end　从头到尾 from time to time　不时地 free of charge　免费 4．in brief　简言之 in detail　详细地；具体地 in general　一般说来 in turn　轮流；依次 in advance　事先；提前 in vain　白费；徒劳 in order　整齐 in danger　处于危险中 in trouble　处于困境(苦恼)中 in charge of　主管；掌管；照管 in favour of　赞成；支持；有利于 in harmony with　与……协调；与……一致 in honor of　为向……表示敬意；为庆祝……；为纪念…… in memory of　纪念…… in need/want of　需要 in search of　寻找；寻求 in spite of　尽管；不顾；虽然 in terms of　在……方面 in the form of　以……形式 in the hope of　怀着……的希望 in view　在视野范围内；在考虑中的 in view of　鉴于；考虑到；由于 in return　作为回报 in all　总共 in short　简言之 in place　在适当的位置；适当 in effect　生效；起作用 in exchange for　交流；交换 in response to　响应；回答；对……有反应 in harmony with　与……协调 in the direction of…　朝……的方向 5．on duty　值日 on fire　着火；失火 on holiday　在度假；在休假 on sale　出售；减价 on show/display　展览；展出；陈列 on strike　在罢工 on the contrary　(与此)相反； 正相反 out of sight　看不到 out of danger　脱离危险 out of trouble　摆脱困难 out of order　出故障 out of control　不受控制 out of breath　气喘吁吁 out of condition　身体不佳 out of date　过时 out of one's reach　某人够不着 out of work　失业；没有工作 one after another　相继；顺次 owing to　由于 6．regardless of　不管；不顾 to the point　中肯；扼要；切中要害 thanks to　幸亏；由于

　　up to date　现代的；时新的；据目前所知的 upon/on one's arrival　一到达就…… with the help of　在……帮助之下 用上面适当的介词短语填空 1．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ________________(高出平均值)．(2015重庆) 2．Most people work because it's unavoidable.________(相比之下), there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015浙江) 3．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ______________ (与……协调)nature.(2015福建) 4．This meeting room is a non­smoking area.I would like to warn you ___________(提前) that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北)

　　5．While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ____________(作为报答)．(2017浙江) 【答案】1.above the average　2.By contrast　3.in harmony with　4.in advance　5.in return 专题二　代词、介词和介词短语 一、 both，all，either，any，neither，none 代词 分类 都 任何(一者) 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三 者以上 all any none 用上面表格中的适当代词填空 1. Niki is always full of ideas, but __________ is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川) 2．It's an either­or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.(2017课标Ⅱ)

　　3．I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________of them very much.(2017山东) 【答案】1.none　2.both　3.either 二、 everything, something, anything, nothing

　　everything something anything nothing 强调“每件事，一切” 强调“某件事，某物”，也可指“重要的事物” 强调“无论什么，任何东西”。anything but“根本不” 意为“没有东西，没有一点”。nothing but“只是，只有” 用上面表格中的适当代词填空 1．A smile costs ________， but gives much.(2017重庆) 2．There's never _________ worth watching on TV. 3．Is there ______I can do for you now, sir? 【答案】1.nothing　2.anything　3.something 三、 替代词的用法 代词 替代对象 one a/an＋单数名词，同类不同一 ones 零冠词＋复数名词，同类不同一 the one the＋单数名词，同类不同一 the ones

　　the＋复数名词，同类不同一 that the＋单数名词或不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时) those the＋复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时) 用上面表格中的适当代词填空 1．The quality of education in this small school is better than __________ in some larger schools.(2015天津) 2．Half of ________surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.(2017浙江) 3．—What about the tea drink? —Thank you.No pleasure equals________ of a hot drink on such a cold day. 4．We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose_______ based on your own interests. 5．We used to mistake that heavy objects fall faster than light__________. 【答案】1.that　2.those　3.that　4.one　5.ones

　　四、 another, the other, other, others, the others other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义 the other the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……” another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)” others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现 the others 意为“剩下的其他人(物)” 用上面表格中的适当代词填空 1．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in________， knives and forks.(2017福建) 2．Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is________.(2017重庆)

　　3．Neither side is prepared to talk to________ unless we can smooth things over between them. 【答案】1.others　2.another　3.the other 五、 it的用法 1．指代时间、距离、自然现象等。 2．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法，性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物，也可指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 3．作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词­ing形式、名词性从句。 4．表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 5．it的常用短语或句型： 6．用在一些固定句型中： (1)It＋is＋时间段＋since＋过去时　“自从……以来多久了” (2)It was＋时间段＋before＋过去时　“多久之后才……” (3)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时　“多久之后才……” (4)It won't be long before…　“不久就……” (5)强调句型It＋is＋被强调部分＋that… 用适当的代词填空 1．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _______ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重庆) 2．—Who's that at the door?

　　—__________ is the milkman.(2017大纲卷) 3．Susan made__________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2017山东) 4．I'd appreciate _________if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.(2017陕西) 5．Why don't you bring ________to his attention that you're too ill to work on? 【答案】1.that　2.It　3.it　4.it　5.it 一、常用介词 介词和介词短语 介词 常考用法 beyond 可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及” within 可表示范围、程度，意为“在……之内” for 就……而言；从……来看；达；计；为…… against 违背；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；预防；衬托 on/upon 刚……就；一……就，后接名词或动词­ing形式 用上面表格中适当的介词填空 1．—How much did he charge you _______ the service? —Luckily, it's nothing. 2．His movie won several awards at the film festival, which was _________ his wildest dreams. 3．My mother is ________ my suggestion while my father is in favour of it. 4．Don't leave the medicine _________the children's reach.It's dangerous. 5．__________hearing the good news, I couldn't help jumping up. 【答案】1.for　2.beyond　3.against　4.within　5.On

　　二、 表示时间的常用介词 介词 用法 on 用在具体的某一天、星期几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等时间名词前 since 常表示某动作或状态自某时开始，一直持续到说话时刻 within 指“在……之内”，强调事情发生的全过程不超过某一段时间 介词 用法 in 后接时间段表示“在何时”或将来“一段时间之内”，与将来时态连用 until 后接时间名词，意为“直到……为止”(在肯定句中)；“直到……才”(在否定句中) 介词 用法 易错点津 in the past意为“在过去”，常与过去时态连用 “in the past/last＋一段时间”意为“在过去的……中/内”，表示从现在算起过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时态连用 有些时间名词前不加介词 用上面表格中适当的介词填空 1．A big fire broke out________ the evening of May the first. 2．He's been working in a bank __________ leaving school. 3．We're playing in New Zealand, Australia and Japan ________ November.

　　4．The party will be held _________ a week's time. 5．He didn't go to bed ______his father came back from the office. 【答案】1.on　2.since　3.in　4.in　5.until 三、with/by 介词 用法 with 表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思 表示“带有、带来、带走、携带”等表伴随的意思 后接复合宾语可作方式状语 表示原因或理由 介词 用法 by 表示人体或物体的某一部分 含有“到……的程度”的意思 表示买卖东西计算的数量或付酬计算的时间 用上面表格中适当的介词填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma _________the arm and walked her across the street.(2015陕西) 2．The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.(2017陕西)

　　3．_________ the new methods, they were able to get production up ________ twenty percent. 4．_________a lot of work to cope with, I will have no time to accompany him. 【答案】1.by　2.with　3.With; by　4.With　 四、常用介词短语 1．above (the) average　在一般水平以上；在平均数以上

　　according to　根据……所说；按照 as a matter of fact　事实上；其实 as a result　因此；结果 after all　毕竟； 终究 all in all　总的来说； 总计 around the corner　即将来临；在拐角处