2017届高考英语一轮复习《全优课堂》核心语法项项破课件：专题1 名词和冠词（新人教版）

　　3．Have you got these jeans in _______ larger size? This pair is _______bit too small around my waist. 4．—The program Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite TV turned out________ success.Have you seen it?

　　—It's________ pity I haven't.But I have______ rough idea of what it about. 5．—How nice_______ jacket is! —Thank you.I bought it on_______ Internet. 6．Beijing's bid for______2022 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to new heights. 7．—Have you heard of _____death of Nelson Mandela? —Oh.Really? It will be______ shock to the world. 8．Qingdao is _______most beautiful coastal city and I want to visit it ________second time. 9．It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky. 【答案】1.a　2.the; a　3.a; a　4.a; a; a　5.the; the　6.the　7.the; a　8.a; a　9.a; the 专题一　名词和冠词 一、名词的数 名词 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 一般情况下在词尾后加­s dogs, houses 以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，先把­y改成­i，再加­es universities, flies 以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾加­s toys，boys 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 以­s，­sh，­ch及­x结尾的名词，通常在词尾加­es (stomachs除外) watches, boxes 以­o结尾的名词一般在词尾加­es heroes，tomatoes，potatoes 部分以­o结尾的名词一般在词尾加­s photos，zoos，pianos 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 以­f或­fe结尾的名词，通常将­f或­fe改成­v，再加­es thieves，wives, leaves 部分以­f或­fe结尾的名词的复数形式直接在词尾加­s roofs, chiefs, beliefs,

　　proofs 分类 规则 典例 不规 则变化 由man, woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式也是­men 或­women，但German的复数形式为Germans Englishmen， Englishwomen 分类 规则 典例 不规 则变化 常以复数形式出现的名词 clothes衣服， glasses眼镜，trousers裤子， contents目录， times时代，surroundings环境， manners礼貌，papers文件，试卷，论文 用所给名词的适当形式填空 1．The two _____________ (boy) are looking for those __________ (toy) in the three ________ (box)． 2．I took several __________ (photo) in the two nearby ________ (zoo)． 3．Two __________ (German) are talking with two ______________(Englishman) about those two ___________(thief) who have stolen many _____________(tomato)． 4．It's bad ____________(manner) to laugh at people in public. 【答案】1.boys; toys; boxes　2.photos; zoos　3.Germans; Englishmen; thieves; tomatoes　4.manners 二、名词的格 变化规则 常用情况 典例 在名词末尾加“­'s”构成 表示有生命的东西的所有格 Mary's mother

　　由介词of加名词构成 表示无生命的东西的所有格 the door of my room 变化规则 常用情况 典例 温馨提示 表示“两个人共有……”时，需在最后一个名词后加“­'s”；当表示“两个人各自有……”时，两个名词后都要加“­'s”。 Mary and Tom's father 玛丽和汤姆的父亲 Mary's and Tom's fathers 玛丽的父亲和汤姆的父亲 单句改错 1．To tell the truth, my English is better than Tom. 【答案】Tom→Tom's 2．As far as I'm concerned, the window from your house is too big. 【答案】from→of 翻译句子 3．我哥哥的数学比他朋友的好，但比我姐姐的差。 【答案】My brother's math is better than his friend's, but worse than my sister's. 4．双胞胎张华和张丽的父亲是一位医生。 【答案】The twins Zhang Hua and Zhang Li's father is a doctor.

　　三、词形变化 在高考语法填空中经常涉及形容词或动词与名词的转换，应引起考生的重视。在做题时，要特别注意名词的数。 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Some schools will have to make _______ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江苏) 2．Just be ____________ (patience)．I will look into the case as soon as possible. 3．Due to the__________ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.

　　4．The video，Under the Dome，has rapidly pushed the public's_______(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference. 5．______ (curious) is part of children's nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.

　　6．—How can I take the medicine，sir? —Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle. 【答案】1.adjustments　2.patient　3.application 4．awareness　5.Curiosity　6.direction

　　一、定冠词 冠词 用法 典例 基本用法 “the＋单数可数名词”表示一类事物 The computer is widely used. 特指谈话双方都知道或上文已经提到的人或事物 There was a letter in the box. 用法 典例 基本用法 在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”，作主语时谓语动词使用复数形式 The Smiths are leading a happy life. 用于序数词前表示顺序 This is the first time I have gone there. 用法 典例 基本用法 用在方位词、西洋乐器名词前 He was playing the violin in the south of the garden. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The earth travels around the sun. 用在世纪、年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词(表示某个年代)前 in the 1990s; in the Tang dynasty 用法 典例 基本用法 用在某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人，其谓语动词往往用复数 The young should respect the old. 用于“the＋发明物(单数可数名词)” 中 I don't know who invented the telephone. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Science Museum 用法 典例 基本用法 定冠词用于表示具体计量的结构中，意思是“按……计算，以……计算” You will get paid by the day. 句型 “动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体某一部位的名词”中的the不可用物主代词代替 He caught me by the arm. 用于固定句型“The more…the more…”结构中，表示“越……越……” The earlier, the better. 用法 典例 基本用法 与形容词比较级连用，表示“两者之中较……的一个” He is the taller of the two boys. 活用 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the English (＝The English language) is widely used in the world. 根据句意用适当的冠词填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma by _______ arm and walked her across the street.(2015陕西) 2．_________more learned a man is, _________more modest he usually becomes.(2015陕西)

　　3．Then, ________ Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing ______piano. 4．In fact, _____________Chinese language is the most difficult one in the world. 5．I think Tom is __________cleverer of the two boys，who is ________first to solve the problem.

　　6．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in______ thirteenth century. 【答案】1.the　2.The; the　3.the; the　4.the　5.the; the 6．the; the 二、不定冠词 用法 典例 基本用法 用于单数名词前表示一类人或事物 A bird can fly. 用于可数名词或单数名词前，表示未曾提到过的一人、事、物 There is an apple on the desk. 用来表示不确定的某一个，相当于a certain There's a Mr.White waiting for you. 用于价格、数量、比率等，意为“一，每一” He was walking at 4 miles an hour. 用法 典例 活用 在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面有修饰语时，可用不定冠词a/an There was a full moon in the sky. 在表示三餐、月份、季节的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时，可用不定冠词 After a quick lunch, he went on working. 用法 典例 活用 抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可与a/an连用 a surprise/success /pride/pleasure/pity/failure/relief/concern/beauty “a/an＋序数词”不表示排序，而表示“又一；再一” They want to try it a third time. 用法 典例 易错点津 ①用在以辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)开头的单词或字母之前，如：a university ②用在以元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)开头的单词或字母之前，如an 18­year­old student 根据句意用适当的冠词填空 1．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be_________ Beethoven.(2015四川) 2．I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ______ gunman wearing a mask.(2015重庆)