【高考调研】2017届高三英语一轮复习（外研版）课时规范训练35（含解析）

　　课时规范训练(单独成册)

　　训练(三十五)

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节)

　　第一节　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　British MPs (国会议员) have voted in favour of the creation of babies with DNA from two women and one man，in a historic move.The UK is now set to become the first country to introduce laws to allow the creation of babies from three people.In a free vote in the Commons,382 MPs were in favour and 128 against the technique that stops genetic diseases being passed from mother to child.During the debate，ministers said the technique was “light at the end of a dark tunnel” for families.

　　A further vote is required in the House of Lords.If everything goes ahead then the first such baby could be born next year.Supporters said it was “good news for progressive medicine” but critics say they will continue to fight against the technique that they say raises too many ethical (伦理的) and safety concerns.Estimates suggest 150 three­person babies could be born each year.

　　Prime Minister David Cameron said，“We’re not playing god here；we’re just making sure that two parents who want a healthy baby can have one.” The method，which was developed in Newcastle，should help women like Sharon Bernadi，from Sunderland，who lost all seven of her children to mitochondrial (线粒体的) disease.Ms Bernadi said she was “overwhelmed” by the decision.

　　Mitochondria are the tiny compartments (隔间) inside nearly every cell of the body that transform food into useable energy.They have their own DNA，which does not affect characteristics such as appearance.Defective mitochondria are passed down only from the mother.They can lead to brain damage，muscle wasting，heart failure and blindness.The technique uses a modified version to combine the DNA of the two parents with the healthy mitochondria of a donor woman.It results in babies with 0.1% of their DNA from the second woman and is a permanent change that would be passed down through the generations.

　　学习网高中学习网 www.gkxx.com【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。英国国会通过了关于从二女一男身上提取DNA来创造婴儿的议案。英国成为了世界上首个立法允许利用三人的基因完成试管婴儿的国家。

　　1．According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A．The new technique is intended to provide the parents a healthy baby.

　　B．The mitochondrial disease can lead to various fatal illnesses.

　　C．Britain is the first country to have created three­person babies.

　　D．All of Ms Bernadi’s children died of a genetic disease.

　　解析：选C。判断正误题。根据第一段中的“The UK is now set to become the first country to introduce laws to allow the creation of babies from three people.”(英国成为了第一个立法允许用三人的基因完成试管婴儿的国家)可知C项错误。

　　2．The underlined word “defective” is closest to the meaning of

　　.

　　A．strangely­madeB．normally developed

　　C．functioning perfectly D．not functioning properly

　　解析：选D。词义猜测题。defective“有缺陷的，不能完全适应变化的”；strangely­made“制造得很奇怪的”；normally developed“正常发展的”；functioning perfectly“完美运转的”；

　　not functioning properly“运行不正常的”。故答案为D。

　　3．It can be inferred from the passage that

　　.

　　gkxx.comA．Mitochondria are inside nearly every cell that change food into useable energy

　　初中学习网B．DNA of Mitochondria can affect a person’s appearance

　　C．in medical science ethical factors should be taken into consideration

　　D．the donor woman’s DNA will not be found in the three­person baby

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“but critics say they will continue to fight against the technique that they say raises too many ethical (伦理的) and safety concerns.”(……但是反对者说他们将继续反对这项技术，为此他们提出了很多伦理和安全方面的担心。)可知，这项技术在伦理和安全方面存在一定的缺陷。故答案为C。

　　4．Prime Minister David Cameron

　　the creation of such babies.

　　A．is in favour of B．throws doubt on

　　C．objects to D．is indifferent to

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Prime Minister David Cameron said，‘We’re not playing god here；we’re just making sure that two parents who want a healthy baby can have one.’”(首相卡梅隆说：我们并不是在挑战上帝，只是希望那些想要一个健康的孩子的夫妻能够如愿。)可知，卡梅隆是支持这个议案的。故答案为A。

　　第二节　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Many people think that they have to accept whatever life throws at them.They’ll say，“This is my fate.I cannot change it.”

　　1．

　　You don’t have to suffer needlessly.Your fate depends on you，not on any other outside factors.

　　We want to be happy and live our life to the fullest，but we have to do our share of making the effort to live the life of our dreams.2.

　　You just don’ t sit around and wait for a million dollars to fall from the sky.You have to get off the couch，get your eyes off the TV screen，get your hands off the phone (unless it contributes to your success)，and get your mind and body to work.

　　gkxx.comIf your life is not meant the way you want it to be，don’t just say：“Our time will come.”or 3.

　　”Don’ t expect your luck to change，unless you do something about it.If something goes wrong，don’ t just regard it as a temporary setback；but use it as feedback.Learn your lesson，make the most of the situation，and do something to solve the problem.It’ s not enough to think positive；you also have to act positive.

　　If someone’ s life is in trouble，do you just hope and pray that things will turn out fine？Of course not！4.

　　So it is with your own life.It is not enough to hope for the best，but you have to DO your best.In other words，don’t just stand (or sit) there.5.

　　A．I think so.

　　B．Of course not.

　　C．You’d better let it be.

　　D．Things will get better someday.

　　E．Do something to improve your life.

　　F．Remember that you harvest what you sow.

　　G．You’ve got to do anything you can to save the person.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇哲理类短文。在遇到生命中的挫折和失败时，很多人都会认为这就是命运，不会采取任何措施，但这难道是正确的做法吗？不！每个人都应该拼尽全力地为自己的目标奋斗，并帮助别人战胜挫折。

　　1．解析：选B。前句说到作者发现很多人在遭遇挫折后，会认为是命运使然；但后句You don’t have to suffer needlessly.“你并不需要承受这些。”可知此处是否定前句的内容。故选B。

　　2．解析：选F。前句．..but we have to do our share of making the effort to live the life，of our dreams.“……但是我们必须尽全力实现我们的梦想。”故选F“请记住有所付出才会有所回报”。

　　3．解析：选D。根据句意可知，此处的内容与Our time will come.是并列关系，故句意应该是相同的。Our time will come.“我们的机会就来了。”故选D“未来的某一天，事情都会好的。”

　　4．解析：选G。前句句意：“如果有的人生活陷入了麻烦，你所做的是否仅仅是祈祷或是希望事情能好转？当然不是这样的！G选项提出了正确的解决方法，并起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。

　　5．解析：选E。前句句意：“仅仅祈祷当然是不够的，但是你应该尽自己的全力去给予帮助。换言之，不要仅仅是站或坐在那儿。故选E“号召大家行动起来改善生活”。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　(2016·山东邹城市一中高三模拟)In the past，people usually believed what newly­born babies wanted was food and to be kept warm and dry.They thought babies were not able to

　　1

　　things until they were five or six months old.

　　2

　　the researchers in the United States now believe babies begin learning on their first

　　3

　　of life.They say babies are strongly

　　4

　　by their environment and one baby will

　　5

　　if his or her mother does something that the baby likes.

　　A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to

　　6

　　her mother.This is how babies start to learn to

　　7

　　and communicate with other people.The researchers say this ability to learn

　　8

　　in a baby even before birth.They also

　　9

　　the idea that newly­born babies can

　　10

　　and understand sounds they heard while they were still

　　11

　　inside their mothers.

　　Recently，an American study

　　12

　　112 babies found babies learned better when they were

　　13

　　.The babies appeared to learn well whether they were sitting up on their own，sitting in seats or

　　14

　　to sit up.The researchers say keeping that kind

　　15

　　had what they called a

　　16

　　effect on the babies’ ability to learn about objects.They say the body position may be linked to development in the

　　17

　　.One

　　18

　　says babies can pay more attention to

　　19

　　an object if they do not have to be

　　20

　　about their balance.

　　【解题导语】　以前人们认为婴儿要到五六个月大的时候才开始学习事物，但是最新的研究表明婴儿从一出生就开始了学习过程，甚至在他们还没有出生的时候就开始了。

　　1．A.eat

　　B．know

　　C．remember D．learn

　　解析：选D。考查动词。eat“吃”；know“知道”；remember“记得”；learn“学习”。通过下文的“the researchers in the United States now believe babies begin learning”可知，此处选择D。句意：他们原以为婴儿要到五六个月时才会学习。

　　2．A.Besides

　　B．While

　　C．But

　　D．Therefore

　　解析：选C。考查连词。besides“除此之外”；while“虽然，然而，当……时”；but“但是”；therefore“因此”。通过上下文内容可知，此处存在转折关系。故选C。

　　3．A.hour

　　B．day

　　C．week

　　D．month

　　解析：选B。考查名词。hour“小时”；day“天，日子”；week“周”；month“月”。根据句意，选B，意为“出生第一天”。

　　4．A.influenced

　　B．accepted

　　C．disturbed

　　D．moved

　　解析：选A。考查动词。influence“影响”；accept“接受”；disturb“分发”；move“移动，感动”。根据下文的“if his or her mother does something that the baby likes”可知，婴儿也会被环境所影响。故选A。

　　5．A.cry

　　B．smile

　　C．eat

　　D．sing

　　解析：选B。考查动词。cry“哭”；smile“笑”；eat“吃”；sing“唱歌”。根据下文说妈妈做了他所喜欢的事情，那么根据常理，应该是笑了。故选B。

　　6．A.annoy

　　B．love

　　C．notice

　　D．please

　　解析：选D。考查动词。annoy“使……生气”；love“爱”；notice“注意”；please“取悦，使高兴”。根据上文的笑可知，婴儿笑是想去取悦母亲以得到最好的照顾。故选D。

　　7．A.live

　　B．connect

　　C．speak

　　D．smile

　　解析：选B。考查动词。live“生活”；connect“联系”；speak“说”；smile“笑”。根据下文的“communicate with other people”可知，这里谈的是与人交流，故选B，意为“和他人联系”。

　　8．A.disappears

　　B．informs

　　C．exists

　　D．happens

　　解析：选C。考查动词。disappear“消失”；inform“通知”；exist“存在”；happen“发生”。根据下文的“even before birth”可知，此处指的是在出生前这种能力就存在。故选C。

　　9．A.infer

　　B．support

　　C．deny

　　D．instruct

　　解析：选B。考查动词。infer“得知”；support“支持”；deny“否认”；instruct“指导”。根据上文可知，专家认为学习的能力在出生前就存在，故下面的观点也是他们所赞同的，故选B，意为“他们也支持这样的观点……”。

　　10．A.recognize

　　B．realize

　　C．receive

　　D．record

　　解析：选A。考查动词。recognize“辨别”；realize“明白，意识”；receive“收到”；record“记录”。根据上文可知，婴儿在出生前就有学习能力。故选A，指在母体内孩子就能辨别声音。

　　11．A.sleeping

　　B．delivering

　　C．shaping

　　D．developing

　　解析：选D。考查动词。sleep“睡觉”；deliver“送达，演讲，生育”；shape“形成”；develop“发展，发育”。根据常理，未出生时孩子在母体内发育生长。故选D。

　　12．A.helping

　　B．raising

　　C．involving

　　D．containing

　　解析：选C。考查动词。help“帮助”；raise“抚养，提高等”；involve“包含，包括”；contain“包含，容纳”。根据句意，选C，意为“美国一项包含112名婴儿的研究发现……”。

　　13．A.sleeping soundly

　　B．lying down

　　C．awaking clearly

　　D．sitting up

　　解析：选D。考查动词词组。sleep soundly“睡得香”；lie down“躺下”；awake clearly“清醒”；sit up“坐着”。根据下文的“The babies appeared to learn well whether they were sitting up on their own，sitting in seats”可知，这都是坐着的姿势。故选D。

　　14．A.assisted

　　B．forced

　　C．asked

　　D．mentioned

　　解析：选A。考查动词。assist“协助”；force“强迫”；ask“要求”；mention“提及”。根据上文的“sitting up on their own，sitting in seats”可知，这里指的是坐着这个姿势，从独立坐到坐在椅子里。故选A，意为“协助婴儿站立”。

　　15．A.hobby

　　B．gesture

　　C．decoration

　　D．purpose

　　解析：选B。考查名词。hobby“爱好”；gesture“姿势”；decoration“装修，装饰”；purpose“目的，意图”。根据上文可知婴儿坐着学得更好，而坐是一种姿势。故选B。

　　16．A.negative

　　B．unmarked

　　C．significant

　　D．side

　　解析：选C。考查形容词。negative“消极的”；unmarked“未被注意的”；significant“重要的”；side“副的，边的”。根据上文可知这个姿势有助于孩子的学习。故选C，意为“对孩子学习事物的能力有重要影响”。

　　17．A.language

　　B．feeling

　　C．brain

　　D．body

　　解析：选C。考查名词。language“语言”；feeling“感觉”；brain“大脑”；body“身体”。孩子的学习和大脑有关。故选C。句意：这种姿势可能和大脑的发育有联系。

　　18．A.psychologist

　　B．mother

　　C．doctor

　　D．researcher

　　解析：选D。考查名词。psychologist“心理学家”；mother“母亲”；doctor“医生”；researcher“研究人员”。这是一项研究的结果，是研究人员的结论。故D。

　　19．A.exploring

　　B．finding

　　C．feeling

　　D．discovering

　　解析：选A。考查动词。explore“探索”；find“找到”；feel“感觉”；discover“发现”。对于孩子而言，新事物的学习无异于一次探险。故选A，意为“孩子可以把更多的注意力用于探索一件事物”。

　　www.gkxx.com20． A.anxious

　　B．confident

　　C．worried

　　D．curious

　　解析：选C。考查形容词。anxious“焦虑的，渴望的”；confident“有信心的”；worried “担忧的”；curious“好奇的”。根据上文可知孩子在坐着的情况下学习更好，故专家认为可能孩子在无需担心平衡问题时会更加注意探索新事物。故选C。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　There’s no such thing as living alone.Never mind if you’re 1.

　　only person in your house and have no dog，no cat，not even fish.You still have got several billion 2.

　　(roommate)— and so do we all.Some of them are harmless，some are 3.

　　(actual) helpful and some could even kill you.They are，of course，bacteria，fungi (菌类) and viruses，and like it or not，they’re on you，around you，and deeply within you.The fact that bacteria life is everywhere is not 4.

　　(surprise)．It’s something you 5.

　　(learn) from your childhood when your mother told you not to drink water from someone else’s glass.There are lots of bacteria 6.

　　are living in your tea kettle.There are bacteria 7.

　　(sleep) with you on your bed.Scientists are beginning 8.

　　(realize) the richness of the microbiome (微生物群系)— which is as complex as the ones 9.

　　(find) in oceans，rainforests，deserts and woodlands.Your house has a microbiome and 10.

　　do you.

　　答案：

　　1．the。特指，唯一的一个人。

　　2．roommates。roommate为可数名词。

　　3．actually。用副词修饰形容词。

　　4．surprising。surprising“令人意外的”。

　　5．learned/learnt。与下文过去时同时发生，应用过去时态。

　　6．which/that。引导定语从句，指物，作主语。

　　7．sleeping。主动形式，作后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that are sleeping。

　　8．to realize。start 和begin 在进行时态后，后跟心理活动的动词，常用不定式表示。

　　9．found。被动形式，相当于定语从句which/that are found。

　　10．so。so加倒装结构，表示“ ……也如此”。

　　Ⅳ.小写作

　　【写作素材】

　　最近，我们班的同学关于克隆展开了激烈的讨论，同学们有赞成的也有反对的。他们的观点如下：

　　赞成者：

　　1．利用克隆技术生产有效药物治疗人们的疾病。(cure)

　　2．克隆技术可以挽救濒危物种。(technology)

　　反对者：

　　1．克隆人违背伦理。(contradictory；ethics)

　　2．克隆影响自然界中的生物多样性。(biodiversity)

　　你的观点：

　　1．克隆有好处也有坏处。

　　2．克隆技术的好坏取决于对它如何使用。(depend on)

　　www.gkxx.com

　　One possible version：

　　Recently，our class has had a heated discussion about cloning.Opinions are divided.

　　Some are in favor of it and they think cloning is beneficial to human beings.Primarily，people can produce effective drugs，with which patients can be cured.Besides，the technology can save the endangered species.And above all，it may give the disabled a healthy body.

　　Meanwhile，others have contradicted opinions.Firstly，cloning human beings is a behavior which is contradictory to the ethics.Besides，cloning may cause harm to the biodiversity in nature.

　　As far as I know，even though cloning technology brings a lot of benefits，we cannot turn a blind eye to the negative influence arising out of cloning.In sum，every coin has two sides.Cloning can do people good and harm，all depending on how to use it.