网络空间国际合作战略（全文）

经中央网络安全和信息化领导小组批准，外交部和国家互联网信息办公室1日共同发布《网络空间国际合作战略》（下称“战略”）。战略以和平发展、合作共赢为主题，以构建网络空间命运共同体为目标，就推动网络空间国际交流合作首次全面系统提出中国主张，为破解全球网络空间治理难题贡献中国方案，是指导中国参与网络空间国际交流与合作的战略性文件。

以下为双语全文：

网络空间国际合作战略 International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace

目录 Contents

序言 Preface

第一章 机遇与挑战 Opportunities and Challenges

第二章 基本原则 Basic Principles

一、和平原则 The Principle of Peace

二、主权原则 The Principle of Sovereignty

三、共治原则 The Principle of Shared Governance

四、普惠原则 The Principle of Shared Benefits

第三章 战略目标 Strategic Goals

一、维护主权与安全 Safeguarding Sovereignty and Security

二、构建国际规则体系 Developing A System of International Rules

三、促进互联网公平治理 Promoting Fair Internet Governance

四、保护公民合法权益 Protecting Legitimate Rights and Interests of Citizens

五、促进数字经济合作 Promoting Cooperation on Digital Economy

六、打造网上文化交流平台 Building Platform for Cyber Culture Exchange

第四章 行动计划 Plan of Action

一、倡导和促进网络空间和平与稳定 Peace and Stability in Cyberspace

二、推动构建以规则为基础的网络空间秩序 Rule-based Order in Cyberspace

三、不断拓展网络空间伙伴关系 Partnership in Cyberspace

四、积极推进全球互联网治理体系改革 Reform of Global Internet Governance System

五、深化打击网络恐怖主义和网络犯罪国际合作 International Cooperation on Cyber Terrorism and Cyber Crimes

六、倡导对隐私权等公民权益的保护 Protection of Citizens’ Rights and Interests Including Privacy

七、推动数字经济发展和数字红利普惠共享 Digital Economy and Sharing of Digital Dividends

八、加强全球信息基础设施建设和保护 Global Information Infrastructure Development and Protection

九、促进网络文化交流互鉴 Exchange of Cyber Cultures

结束语 Conclusion

序言

Preface

“网络空间是人类共同的活动空间，网络空间前途命运应由世界各国共同掌握。各国应该加强沟通、扩大共识、深化合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体。” ——中国国家主席习近平，2015年12月16日

Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communications, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace. —Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, Dec 16，2015

当今世界，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。

Today, the rapid advancement of information technology represented by the Internet has brought about new ways of social production, created new space for people’s life, opened new horizons of state governance and enhanced people’s ability to understand and shape the world.

作为人类社会的共同财富，互联网让世界变成了“地球村”。各国在网络空间互联互通，利益交融，休戚与共。维护网络空间和平与安全，促进开放与合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体，符合国际社会的共同利益，也是国际社会的共同责任。

As the common asset of human society, the Internet has turned the world into a global village. In the interconnected cyberspace, countries are bound together by intertwined interests. It is in the shared interests and also the responsibility of the international community to safeguard peace and security, promote openness and cooperation and foster a community of shared future in cyberspace.

《网络空间国际合作战略》全面宣示中国在网络空间相关国际问题上的政策立场，系统阐释中国开展网络领域对外工作的基本原则、战略目标和行动要点，旨在指导中国今后一个时期参与网络空间国际交流与合作，推动国际社会携手努力，加强对话合作，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作、有序的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的全球互联网治理体系。

International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace provides a comprehensive explanation of China’s policy and position on cyber-related international affairs as well as the basic principles, strategic goals and plan of action in its external relations on that front. It aims to guide China’s participation in international exchange and cooperation in cyberspace for the next period of time, and encourage the international community to come together to enhance dialogue and cooperation and build a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace and a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.

第一章 机遇与挑战

Chapter I. Opportunities and Challenges

在世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化深入发展，全球治理体系深刻变革的背景下，人类迎来了信息革命的新时代。以互联网为代表的信息通信技术日新月异，深刻改变了人们的生产和生活方式，日益激励市场创新、促进经济繁荣、推动社会发展。网络空间越来越成为信息传播的新渠道、生产生活的新空间、经济发展的新引擎、文化繁荣的新载体、社会治理的新平台、交流合作的新纽带、国家主权的新疆域。

With the accelerating trend toward a multi-polar, economically globalized and culturally diverse world and the profoundly changing global governance system, mankind has entered a new era of information revolution. The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) represented by the Internet has changed people’s way of production and life and boosted market innovation, economic prosperity and social development. Cyberspace is becoming a new channel for information dissemination, a new frontier of people’s work and life, a new engine for economic growth, a new carrier for cultural prosperity, a new platform of social governance, a new bridge for communication and cooperation and a new domain of state sovereignty.

网络空间给人类带来巨大机遇，同时也带来了不少新的课题和挑战，网络空间的安全与稳定成为攸关各国主权、安全和发展利益的全球关切。互联网领域发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题日益凸显。国家和地区间的“数字鸿沟”不断拉大。关键信息基础设施存在较大风险隐患。全球互联网基础资源管理体系难以反映大多数国家意愿和利益。网络恐怖主义成为全球公害，网络犯罪呈蔓延之势。滥用信息通信技术干涉别国内政、从事大规模网络监控等活动时有发生。网络空间缺乏普遍有效规范各方行为的国际规则，自身发展受到制约。

While creating tremendous opportunities, cyberspace also faces a number of new issues and challenges. Security and stability in cyberspace has become a global concern which bears on the sovereignty, security and development interests of all countries. Problems such as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order in cyberspace have become more evident. The digital divide among countries and regions is widening. Critical information infrastructure faces considerable vulnerability and potential risk. The existing global governance system of basic Internet resources hardly reflects the desires and interests of the majority of countries. Cyber terrorism has become a global public menace. Cyber crimes are spreading. Interference in other countries’ internal affairs by abusing ICT and massive cyber surveillance activities happen from time to time. The absence of general international rules in cyberspace that effectively govern the behavior of all parties hampers the development of cyberspace.

面对问题和挑战，任何国家都难以独善其身，国际社会应本着相互尊重、互谅互让的精神，开展对话与合作，以规则为基础实现网络空间全球治理。

No countries can stay immune from such problems and challenges. The international community can only work together through intensified cooperation in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual understanding and accommodation so as to put in place a rule-based global governance system in cyberspace.

第二章 基本原则

Chapter II. Basic Principles

中国始终是世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。中国坚定不移走和平发展道路，坚持正确义利观，推动建立合作共赢的新型国际关系。中国网络空间国际合作战略以和平发展为主题，以合作共赢为核心，倡导和平、主权、共治、普惠作为网络空间国际交流与合作的基本原则。

China has been a force for world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of international order. It steadfastly pursues a path of peaceful development, works to uphold justice and friendship and pursue shared interests, and calls for a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation. With the theme focusing on peaceful development and the core message for win-win cooperation, International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace advocates the principles of peace, sovereignty, shared governance and shared benefits in international exchange and cooperation in cyberspace.

一、和平原则

1. The Principle of Peace

网络空间互联互通，各国利益交融不断深化，一个安全稳定繁荣的网络空间，对各国乃至世界都具有重大意义。

In the interconnected cyberspace, countries are bound together by intertwined interests. A secure, stable and prosperous cyberspace is of great significance to all countries and the world.

国际社会要切实遵守《联合国宪章》宗旨与原则，特别是不使用或威胁使用武力、和平解决争端的原则，确保网络空间的和平与安全。各国应共同反对利用信息通信技术实施敌对行动和侵略行径，防止网络军备竞赛，防范网络空间冲突，坚持以和平方式解决网络空间的争端。应摒弃冷战思维、零和博弈和双重标准，在充分尊重别国安全的基础上，以合作谋和平，致力于在共同安全中实现自身安全。

The international community should observe the purposes and principles enshrined in the UN Charter in real earnest, particularly non-use of force and peaceful settlement of disputes, in order to ensure peace and security in cyberspace. All countries must oppose ICT-backed acts of hostility and aggression, prevent arms race and conflicts in cyberspace and settle disputes through peaceful means. Countries should reject the Cold War mentality, zero-sum game and double standards, uphold peace through cooperation and seek one’s own security through common security on the basis of full respect for other countries’ security.

网络恐怖主义是影响国际和平与安全的新威胁。国际社会要采取切实措施，预防并合作打击网络恐怖主义活动。防范恐怖分子利用网络宣传恐怖极端思想，策划和实施恐怖主义活动。

Cyber terrorism poses a new threat to international peace and security. The international community should take pragmatic measures to prevent and fight against cyber terrorist activities. Efforts should be made to prevent terrorists from using the Internet to spread extremist ideology, or plan and orchestrate cyber terrorist activities.

二、主权原则

2. The Principle of Sovereignty

《联合国宪章》确立的主权平等原则是当代国际关系的基本准则，覆盖国与国交往各个领域，也应该适用于网络空间。国家间应该相互尊重自主选择网络发展道路、网络管理模式、互联网公共政策和平等参与国际网络空间治理的权利，不搞网络霸权，不干涉他国内政，不从事、纵容或支持危害他国国家安全的网络活动。

As a basic norm in contemporary international relations, the principle of sovereignty enshrined in the UN Charter covers all aspects of state-to-state relations, which also includes cyberspace. Countries should respect each other’s right to choose their own path of cyber development, model of cyber regulation and Internet public policies, and participate in international cyberspace governance on an equal footing. No country should pursue cyber hegemony, interfere in other countries’ internal affairs, or engage in, condone or support cyber activities that undermine other countries’ national security.

明确网络空间的主权，既能体现各国政府依法管理网络空间的责任和权利，也有助于推动各国构建政府、企业和社会团体之间良性互动的平台，为信息技术的发展以及国际交流与合作营造一个健康的生态环境。

Upholding sovereignty in cyberspace not only reflects governments’ responsibility and right to administer cyberspace in accordance with law, but also enables countries to build platforms for sound interactions among governments, businesses and social groups. This will foster a healthy environment for the advancement of information technology and international exchange and cooperation.

各国政府有权依法管网，对本国境内信息通信基础设施和资源、信息通信活动拥有管辖权，有权保护本国信息系统和信息资源免受威胁、干扰、攻击和破坏，保障公民在网络空间的合法权益。各国政府有权制定本国互联网公共政策和法律法规，不受任何外来干预。各国在根据主权平等原则行使自身权利的同时，也需履行相应的义务。各国不得利用信息通信技术干涉别国内政，不得利用自身优势损害别国信息通信技术产品和服务供应链安全。

National governments are entitled to administer cyberspace in accordance with law. They exercise jurisdiction over ICT infrastructure, resources and activities within their territories, and are entitled to protect their ICT systems and resources from threat, disruption, attack and destruction so as to safeguard citizens’ legitimate rights and interests in cyberspace. National governments are entitled to enact public policies, laws and regulations with no foreign interference. Countries should exercise their rights based on the principle of sovereign equality and also perform their due duties. No country should use ICT to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs or leverage its advantage to undermine the security of other countries’ ICT product and service supply chain.

三、共治原则

3. The Principle of Shared Governance

网络空间是人类共同的活动空间，需要世界各国共同建设，共同治理。网络空间国际治理，首先应坚持多边参与。国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国际社会平等成员，都有权通过国际网络治理机制和平台，平等参与网络空间的国际秩序与规则建设，确保网络空间的未来发展由各国人民共同掌握。

Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind, hence needs to be built and managed by all countries. International cyberspace governance should follow a multilateral approach. Countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are all equal members of the international community entitled to equal participation in developing international order and rules in cyberspace through international governance mechanisms and platforms, to ensure that the future development of cyberspace is in the hands of all peoples.

其次，应坚持多方参与。应发挥政府、国际组织、互联网企业、技术社群、民间机构、公民个人等各主体作用，构建全方位、多层面的治理平台。各国应加强沟通交流，完善网络空间对话协商机制，共同制定网络空间国际规则。联合国作为重要渠道，应充分发挥统筹作用，协调各方立场，凝聚国际共识。其他国际机制和平台也应发挥各自优势，提供有益补充。国际社会应共同管理和公平分配互联网基础资源，建立多边、民主、透明的全球互联网治理体系，实现互联网资源共享、责任共担、合作共治。

Second, international cyberspace governance should feature multi-party participation. All parties, including governments, international organizations, Internet companies, technology communities, non-governmental institutions and individual citizens, should play their respective roles in building an all-dimensional and multi-tiered governance platform. Countries should enhance communication, improve cyberspace-related dialogue and consultation mechanisms and jointly develop international cyber rules. The United Nations, as an important channel, should play a leading role in coordinating positions of various parties and building international consensus. Other international mechanisms and platforms should also give play to their respective advantages to complement relevant efforts. The international community needs to work together to manage jointly and distribute equitably basic Internet resources and put in place a multilateral, democratic and transparent global governance system, so that the Internet will be a place of open resources and shared responsibilities governed through cooperation.

四、普惠原则

4. The Principle of Shared Benefits

互联网与各行业的融合发展，对各国经济结构、社会形态和创新体系产生着全局性、革命性影响，为世界经济增长和实现可持续发展目标提供了强劲动力。促进互联网效益普遍惠及各地区和国家，将为2030年可持续发展议程的有效落实提供助力。

Integrated development of the Internet and other sectors has overall and revolutionary significance on countries’ economic structure, social formation and innovation system, and provides strong driving force for world economic growth and the realization of sustainable development goal. To ensure Internet development brings benefit to all regions and countries will facilitate the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

国际社会应不断推进互联网领域开放合作，丰富开放内涵，提高开放水平，搭建更多沟通合作平台，推动在网络空间优势互补、共同发展，确保人人共享互联网发展成果，实现联合国信息社会世界峰会确定的建设以人为本、面向发展、包容性的信息社会目标。

The international community should promote greater openness and cooperation in cyberspace, further substantiate and enhance the opening-up efforts, build more platforms for communication and cooperation and strive for complementarity of strengths and common development of all countries in cyberspace. This will ensure that people across the world can share the benefits of Internet development and a people-centered, development-oriented and inclusive information society will be realized, as envisaged by the World Summit on the Information Society.

各国应积极推动双边、区域和国际发展合作，特别是应加大对发展中国家在网络能力建设上的资金和技术援助，帮助他们抓住数字机遇，跨越“数字鸿沟”。

Countries should promote development cooperation at the bilateral, regional and international levels. In particular, more technical and financial assistance should be channeled to developing countries for capacity building and help them seize the digital opportunities and bridge the digital divide.

第三章 战略目标

Chapter III. Strategic Goals

中国参与网络空间国际合作的战略目标是：坚定维护中国网络主权、安全和发展利益，保障互联网信息安全有序流动，提升国际互联互通水平，维护网络空间和平安全稳定，推动网络空间国际法治，促进全球数字经济发展，深化网络文化交流互鉴，让互联网发展成果惠及全球，更好造福各国人民。

The strategic goal of China’s participation in international cyberspace cooperation is: resolutely safeguard the country’s sovereignty, security and development interests in cyberspace; ensure secure and orderly flow of information on the Internet; improve global connectivity; maintain peace, security and stability in cyberspace; enhance international rule of law in cyberspace; promote global development of the digital economy; and deepen cultural exchange and mutual learning, so that the fruits of Internet development will reach every corner of the world and benefit people of all countries.

一、维护主权与安全

1. Safeguarding Sovereignty and Security

中国致力于维护网络空间和平安全，以及在国家主权基础上构建公正合理的网络空间国际秩序，并积极推动和巩固在此方面的国际共识。中国坚决反对任何国家借网络干涉别国内政，主张各国有权利和责任维护本国网络安全，通过国家法律和政策保障各方在网络空间的正当合法权益。网络空间加强军备、强化威慑的倾向不利于国际安全与战略互信。中国致力于推动各方切实遵守和平解决争端、不使用或威胁使用武力等国际关系基本准则，建立磋商与调停机制，预防和避免冲突，防止网络空间成为新的战场。

China is committed to upholding peace and security in cyberspace and establishing a fair and reasonable international cyberspace order on the basis of state sovereignty, and has worked actively to build international consensus in this respect. China firmly opposes any country using the Internet to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and believes every country has the right and responsibility to maintain its cyber security and protect the legitimate rights and interests of various parties in cyberspace through national laws and policies. The tendency of militarization and deterrence buildup in cyberspace is not conducive to international security and strategic mutual trust. China encourages all parties to commit to peaceful settlement of disputes, non-use or threat of force and other basic norms in international relations and put in place consultation and mediation mechanisms to forestall and avoid conflict, so that cyberspace will not become a new battlefield.

网络空间国防力量建设是中国国防和军队现代化建设的重要内容，遵循一贯的积极防御军事战略方针。中国将发挥军队在维护国家网络空间主权、安全和发展利益中的重要作用，加快网络空间力量建设，提高网络空间态势感知、网络防御、支援国家网络空间行动和参与国际合作的能力，遏控网络空间重大危机，保障国家网络安全，维护国家安全和社会稳定。

Enhanced defense capability in cyberspace is an important part of China’s endeavor to modernize its national defense and armed forces, which complies with the strategic guideline of active defense. China will give play to the important role of the military in safeguarding the country’s sovereignty, security and development interests in cyberspace. It will expedite the development of a cyber force and enhance capabilities in terms of situational awareness, cyber defense, supporting state activities and participating in international cooperation, to prevent major cyber crisis, safeguard cyberspace security and maintain national security and social stability.

二、构建国际规则体系

2. Developing A System of International Rules

网络空间作为新疆域，亟需制定相关规则和行为规范。中国主张在联合国框架下制定各国普遍接受的网络空间国际规则和国家行为规范，确立国家及各行为体在网络空间应遵循的基本准则，规范各方行为，促进各国合作，以维护网络空间的安全、稳定与繁荣。中国支持并积极参与国际规则制定进程，并将继续与国际社会加强对话合作，作出自己的贡献。

As a new frontier, cyberspace needs to be governed by rules and norms of behavior. China supports formulating universally accepted international rules and norms of state behavior in cyberspace within the framework of the United Nations, which will establish basic principles for states and other actors to regulate their behavior and intensify cooperation in order to uphold security, stability and prosperity in cyberspace. China has supported and actively participated in international rules making process and will continue to make its contribution through enhanced dialogue and cooperation with the international community.

中国是网络安全的坚定维护者。中国也是黑客攻击的受害国。中国反对任何形式的黑客攻击，不论何种黑客攻击，都是违法犯罪行为，都应该根据法律和相关国际公约予以打击。网络攻击通常具有跨国性、溯源难等特点，中国主张各国通过建设性协商合作，共同维护网络空间安全。

China is firmly committed to safeguarding cyber security. As a victim itself, China opposes all forms of hacking and regards them illegal criminal activities that should be tackled in accordance with law and relevant international legal instruments. Given that cyber attacks are usually transnational and difficult to attribute, countries should work together to ensure cyber security through constructive consultation and cooperation.

三、促进互联网公平治理

3. Promoting Fair Internet Governance

中国主张通过国际社会平等参与和共同决策，构建多边、民主、透明的全球互联网治理体系。各国应享有平等参与互联网治理的权利。应公平分配互联网基础资源，共同管理互联网根服务器等关键信息基础设施。要确保相关国际进程的包容与开放，加强发展中国家的代表性和发言权。

China believes that a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system should be built through equal participation and joint decision-making of the international community. Countries are entitled to participate in Internet governance on an equal footing. It is important to ensure equitable distribution of basic resources of the Internet and joint management of critical information infrastructure such as root servers. Relevant international processes should be open and inclusive with greater representations and voice of developing countries.

中国支持加强包括各国政府、国际组织、互联网企业、技术社群、民间机构、公民个人等各利益攸关方的沟通与合作。各利益攸关方应在上述治理模式中发挥与自身角色相匹配的作用，政府应在互联网治理特别是公共政策和安全中发挥关键主导作用，实现共同参与、科学管理、民主决策。

China calls for enhanced communication and cooperation among all stakeholders including governments, international organizations, Internet companies, technological communities, non-governmental institutions and citizens. Relevant efforts should reflect broad participation, sound management and democratic decision-making, with all stakeholders contributing in their share based on their capacity and governments taking the leading in Internet governance particularly public policies and security.

四、保护公民合法权益

4. Protecting Legitimate Rights and Interests of Citizens

中国支持互联网的自由与开放，充分尊重公民在网络空间的权利和基本自由，保障公众在网络空间的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权，保护网络空间个人隐私。同时，网络空间不是“法外之地”，网络空间与现实社会一样，既要提倡自由，也要保持秩序。中国致力于推动网络空间有效治理，实现信息自由流动与国家安全、公共利益有机统一。

China supports a free and open Internet. It fully respects citizens’ rights and fundamental freedoms in cyberspace and safeguards their rights to be informed, to participate, to express and to supervise while protecting individual privacy in cyberspace. Cyberspace, in the meantime, is not a place beyond the rule of law. Like the real world, freedom and order are both necessary in cyberspace. China pursues effective governance in cyberspace to promote free flow of information while ensuring national security and public interests.

五、促进数字经济合作

5. Promoting Cooperation on Digital Economy

中国大力实施网络强国战略、国家信息化战略、国家大数据战略、“互联网+”行动计划，大力发展电子商务，着力推动互联网和实体经济深度融合发展，促进资源配置优化，促进全要素生产率提升，为推动创新发展、转变经济增长方式、调整经济结构发挥积极作用。

China is vigorously implementing the national strategies for cyber development, IT application and big data and the “Internet Plus” action plan. It encourages the development of e-commerce, promotes integration of the digital and real economies and works to optimize the allocation of resources and boost total factor productivity, which will drive innovation, transform growth model and adjust economic structure.

中国秉持公平、开放、竞争的市场理念，在自身发展的同时，坚持合作和普惠原则，促进世界范围内投资和贸易发展，推动全球数字经济发展。中国主张推动国际社会公平、自由贸易，反对贸易壁垒和贸易保护主义，促进建立开放、安全的数字经济环境，确保互联网为经济发展和创新服务。中国主张进一步推动实现公平合理普遍的互联网接入、互联网技术的普及化、互联网语言的多样性，加强中国同其他国家和地区在网络安全和信息技术方面的交流与合作，共同推进互联网技术的发展和创新，确保所有人都能平等分享数字红利，实现网络空间的可持续发展。

China values fairness, openness and competition in the market. While pursuing its own development, China advocates cooperation and shared benefits and commits to promoting investment, trade and a stronger digital economy globally. It supports fair and open international trade, opposes trade barriers and trade protectionism and pursues an open and secure environment for the digital economy, to ensure the Internet serves the economy and innovation. It calls for fair, reasonable and universal access to the Internet, popularization of Internet technology and diversity of Internet language, and seeks enhanced cooperation and exchange with other countries and regions on cyber security and information technology, for the advancement and innovation of Internet technology, equal sharing of digital dividends and sustainable development of the cyberspace.

中国坚持以安全保发展，以发展促安全。要保持数字经济健康、强劲发展，既不能追求绝对安全阻碍发展的活力、限制开放互通、禁锢技术创新，也不能以市场自由化、贸易自由化为由，回避必要的安全监管措施。各国、各地区互联网发展水平和网络安全防护能力不同，应为广大发展中国家提升网络安全能力提供力所能及的援助，弥合发展中国家和发达国家间的“数字鸿沟”，实现数字经济互利共赢，补齐全球网络安全短板。

China believes that security guarantees development and development enhances security. A healthy and strong digital economy would not be possible if the pursuit of absolute security is allowed to constrain momentum, openness or innovation, or necessary security regulation is not observed with the excuse of free market and free trade. Countries and regions differ in levels of Internet development and cyber security capacity. Efforts should be made to assist developing countries with capacity building to bridge the digital divide between developing and developed countries so as to ensure the digital economy would benefit all and the weak links of global cyber security are addressed.

六、打造网上文化交流平台

6. Building Platform for Cyber Culture Exchange

互联网是传播人类优秀文化、弘扬正能量的重要载体。网络空间是人类共同的精神家园。各国应加强合作，共同肩负起运用互联网传承优秀文化的重任，培育和发展积极向上的网络文化，发挥文化滋养人类、涵养社会、促进经济发展的重要作用，共同推动网络文明建设和网络文化繁荣发展。

The Internet is an important carrier to spread mankind’s fine cultures and promote positive energy. Cyberspace is a place that connects us all. Countries should shoulder the responsibility to carry forward the fine cultures through the Internet, develop an uplifting cyber culture, enable culture to play its role in nourishing people and society and driving growth, and jointly work for a sound environment in cyberspace and the prosperity of cyber cultures.

中国愿同各国一道，发挥互联网传播平台优势，通过互联网架设国际交流桥梁，促进各国优秀文化交流互鉴。加强网络文化传播能力建设，推动国际网络文化的多样性发展，丰富人们精神世界，促进人类文明进步。

China will work with other countries to give full play to the Internet as a shared platform and enhance international exchange with the Internet as a bridge to facilitate interactions among fine cultures. Efforts should be made to strengthen the capacity building for cultural exchange and promote diversity of cultures on the Internet so as to enrich peoples’ mind and thinking and advance human civilization.

第四章 行动计划

Chapter IV. Plan of Action

中国将积极参与网络领域相关国际进程，加强双边、地区及国际对话与合作，增进国际互信，谋求共同发展，携手应对威胁，以期最终达成各方普遍接受的网络空间国际规则，构建公正合理的全球网络空间治理体系。

China will continue to actively participate in cyber-related international processes, enhance bilateral, regional and international dialogue and cooperation, promote international mutual trust and common development and address threats through joint efforts, with the goal of reaching universally accepted international rules and establishing a fair and reasonable global cyberspace governance system.

一、倡导和促进网络空间和平与稳定

1. Peace and Stability in Cyberspace

参与双多边建立信任措施的讨论，采取预防性外交举措，通过对话和协商的方式应对各种网络安全威胁。

China will participate in bilateral and multilateral discussions on confidence building measures, take preventive diplomatic measures, and address various cyber security threats through dialogue and consultation.

加强对话，研究影响国际和平与安全的网络领域新威胁，共同遏制信息技术滥用，防止网络空间军备竞赛。

China will step up dialogue to study new threats in the cyber field that affect international peace and security, and work with others to curb the abuse of information technology and prevent arms race in cyberspace.

推动国际社会就网络空间和平属性展开讨论，从维护国际安全和战略互信、预防网络冲突角度，研究国际法适用网络空间问题。

China will encourage the international community to discuss the peaceful nature of cyberspace and study the application of international law in cyberspace from the perspective of maintaining international security, strategic mutual trust and preventing cyber conflicts.

二、推动构建以规则为基础的网络空间秩序

2. Rule-based Order in Cyberspace

发挥联合国在网络空间国际规则制定中的重要作用，支持并推动联合国大会通过信息和网络安全相关决议，积极推动并参与联合国信息安全问题政府专家组等进程。

As the United Nations should play a key role in formulating international rules in cyberspace, China supports the UN General Assembly to adopt resolutions regarding information and cyber security and will continue to facilitate and participate in the processes of the United Nations Governmental Groups of Experts (UNGGE) and other mechanisms.

上海合作组织成员国于2015年1月向联大提交了“信息安全国际行为准则”更新案文。“准则”是国际上第一份全面系统阐述网络空间行为规范的文件，是中国等上合组织成员国为推动国际社会制定网络空间行为准则提供的重要公共安全产品。中国将继续就该倡议加强国际对话，争取对该倡议广泛的国际理解与支持。

In January 2015, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states submitted to the UN General Assembly the updated International Code of Conduct for Information Security. It is the first international paper dedicated to norms of behavior in cyberspace and an important public security product China and other SCO member states provide to support international efforts for a code of conduct in cyberspace. China will continue to enhance international dialogue to seek broader international understanding and support for this initiative.

支持国际社会在平等基础上普遍参与有关网络问题的国际讨论和磋商。

China supports universal and equal participation by members of the international community in the discussion and consultation on cyber issues.

三、不断拓展网络空间伙伴关系

3. Partnership in Cyberspace

中国致力于与国际社会各方建立广泛的合作伙伴关系，积极拓展与其他国家的网络事务对话机制，广泛开展双边网络外交政策交流和务实合作。

China is committed to establishing extensive cooperative partnership with all parties of the international community, expand dialogue mechanisms on cyber affairs with other countries and conduct bilateral foreign policy exchange and pragmatic cooperation.

举办世界互联网大会（乌镇峰会）等国际会议，与有关国家继续举行双边互联网论坛，在中日韩、东盟地区论坛、博鳌亚洲论坛等框架下举办网络议题研讨活动等，拓展网络对话合作平台。

China will continue to hold World Internet Conference (Wuzhen Summit) and other international conferences, and bilateral Internet forums with relevant countries. China will pursue discussions on cyber issues within the framework of China-Japan-Korea cyber policy consultation, ARF and Boao Forum for Asia, and expand platforms for cyber dialogue and cooperation.

推动深化上合组织、金砖国家网络安全务实合作。促进东盟地区论坛网络安全进程平衡发展。积极推动和支持亚信会议、中非合作论坛、中阿合作论坛、中拉论坛、亚非法律协商组织等区域组织开展网络安全合作。推进亚太经合组织、二十国集团等组织在互联网和数字经济等领域合作的倡议。探讨与其他地区组织在网络领域的交流对话。

China will promote practical cyber security cooperation among member states of SCO and BRICS and facilitate balanced cyber security process within ARF. It will encourage and support regional organizations to carry out cyber security cooperation, including the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA), Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization. It will advance cooperation initiatives within APEC and G20 among others in the fields of the Internet and digital economy, and explore exchange and dialogue on cyberspace with other regional organizations.

四、积极推进全球互联网治理体系改革

4. Reform of Global Internet Governance System

参与联合国信息社会世界峰会成果落实后续进程，推动国际社会巩固和落实峰会成果共识，公平分享信息社会发展成果，并将加强信息社会建设和互联网治理列为审议的重要议题。

China will participate in the follow-up of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society, support the international community to consolidate consensus and implement the outcomes, ensure equal sharing of the benefits of information society, and list information society building and Internet governance as important items for review.

推进联合国互联网治理论坛机制改革，促进论坛在互联网治理中发挥更大作用。加强论坛在互联网治理事务上的决策能力，推动论坛获得稳定的经费China will push for institutional reform of the UN Internet Governance Forum to enable it to play a greater role in Internet governance, strengthen its decision-making capacity, secure steady funding, and introduce open and transparent procedures in its member election and report submission.

参加旨在促进互联网关键资源公平分配和管理的国际讨论，积极推动互联网名称和数字地址分配机构国际化改革，使其成为具有真正独立性的国际机构，不断提高其代表性和决策、运行的公开透明。积极参与和推动世界经济论坛“互联网的未来”行动倡议等全球互联网治理平台活动。

China will participate in international discussions on fair distribution and management of critical Internet resources. It will vigorously promote the reform of ICANN to make it a truly independent international institution, increase its representations and ensure greater openness and transparency in its decision-making and operation. China will actively participate in and contribute to activities of global Internet governance platforms, such as the“Future of the Internet”Initiative under the World Economy Forum.

五、深化打击网络恐怖主义和网络犯罪国际合作

5. International Cooperation on Cyber Terrorism and Cyber Crimes

探讨国际社会合作打击网络恐怖主义的行为规范及具体措施，包括探讨制定网络空间国际反恐公约，增进国际社会在打击网络犯罪和网络恐怖主义问题上的共识，并为各国开展具体执法合作提供依据。

Along with other countries, China will explore norms of behavior and concrete measures for international cooperation against cyber terrorism, including discussion on an international convention on combating cyber terrorism and consensus building on fighting cyber crimes and cyber terrorism, to provide the basis for law enforcement cooperation among countries.

支持并推动联合国安理会在打击网络恐怖主义国际合作问题上发挥重要作用。

China supports the UN Security Council to play an important part in international cooperation against cyber terrorism.

支持并推动联合国开展打击网络犯罪的工作，参与联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会、联合国网络犯罪问题政府专家组等机制的工作，推动在联合国框架下讨论、制定打击网络犯罪的全球性国际法律文书。

China supports and contributes to UN effort on fighting cyber crimes. China will participate in the work of the UN CCPCJ and UNGGE and promote discussion and formulation within the framework of the UN of a global legal instrument.

加强地区合作，依托亚太地区年度会晤协作机制开展打击信息技术犯罪合作，积极参加东盟地区论坛等区域组织相关合作，推进金砖国家打击网络犯罪和网络恐怖主义的机制安排。

China will enhance regional cooperation and pursue cooperation on ICT-enabled crimes within the framework of the Asia-Pacific meeting and coordination mechanism. China will take part in cooperation within regional organizations such as the ARF, and work on arrangement among BRICS countries on fighting cyber crimes and cyber terrorism.

加强与各国打击网络犯罪和网络恐怖主义的政策交流与执法等务实合作。积极探索建立打击网络恐怖主义机制化对话交流平台，与其他国家警方建立双边警务合作机制，健全打击网络犯罪司法协助机制，加强打击网络犯罪技术经验交流。

China will step up policy exchange and law enforcement cooperation with other countries on cyber crimes and cyber terrorism. It will explore institutionalized dialogue and communication on cyber terrorism, establish bilateral police cooperation mechanisms with other countries, improve judicial assistance mechanism and promote technology and experience sharing on fighting cyber crimes.

六、倡导对隐私权等公民权益的保护

6. Protection of Citizens’ Rights and Interests Including Privacy

支持联合国大会及人权理事会有关隐私权保护问题的讨论，推动网络空间确立个人隐私保护原则。推动各国采取措施制止利用网络侵害个人隐私的行为，并就尊重和保护网络空间个人隐私的实践和做法进行交流。

China supports discussion on privacy protection at the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council, and calls for establishing relevant principles for protecting individual privacy in cyberspace. China encourage countries to take measures to curb Internet-enabled infringement of individual privacy, and pursue dialogue on the practices and efforts on respecting and protecting individual privacy in cyberspace.

促进企业提高数据安全保护意识，支持企业加强行业自律，就网络空间个人信息保护最佳实践展开讨论。推动政府和企业加强合作，共同保护网络空间个人隐私。

China will urge businesses to increase awareness of data protection and will support their effort to strengthen self-discipline and discuss best practices of individual information protection in cyberspace. Efforts will be made to facilitate cooperation between the government and businesses to safeguard individual privacy in cyberspace.

七、推动数字经济发展和数字红利普惠共享

7. Digital Economy and Sharing of Digital Dividends

推动落实联合国信息社会世界峰会确定的建设以人为本、面向发展、包容性的信息社会目标，以此推进落实2030年可持续发展议程。

China will work to achieve the goal set by World Summit on the Information Society to build a people-centered, development-oriented and inclusive information society, as a way to implement the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development.

支持基于互联网的创新创业，促进工业、农业、服务业数字化转型。促进中小微企业信息化发展。促进信息通信技术领域投资。扩大宽带接入，提高宽带质量。提高公众的数字技能，提高数字包容性。增强在线交易的可用性、完整性、保密性和可靠性，发展可信、稳定和可靠的互联网应用。

China supports Internet-based innovation and entrepreneurship, and the digitalization of industry, agriculture and the service sector. Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are encouraged to apply information technologies. Efforts will be made to increase ICT investment, expand broadband access and quality, improve public skills, promote digital inclusion, enhance the availability, integrity, confidentiality and authenticity of online transactions and develop trusted, stable, and reliable Internet applications.

支持向广大发展中国家提供网络安全能力建设援助，包括技术转让、关键信息基础设施建设和人员培训等，将“数字鸿沟”转化为数字机遇，让更多发展中国家和人民共享互联网带来的发展机遇。

China supports assisting developing countries with cyber security capacity building, including technology transfer, critical information infrastructure development and personnel training, with a view to turning the digital gap into digital opportunities so that more developing countries and their people will share the benefits of Internet development.

推动制定完善的网络空间贸易规则，促进各国相关政策的有效协调。开展电子商务国际合作，提高通关、物流等便利化水平。保护知识产权，反对贸易保护主义，形成世界网络大市场，促进全球网络经济的繁荣发展。

China advocates formulating cyberspace trade rules and effective policy coordination among countries. E-business cooperation will be carried out at the international level along with greater facilitation of customs and logistic services. It is important to protect intellectual property rights and oppose trade protectionism to create a global market of the Internet and build a prosperous global Internet economy.

加强互联网技术合作共享，推动各国在网络通信、移动互联网、云计算、物联网、大数据等领域的技术合作，共同解决互联网技术发展难题，共促新产业、新业态的发展。加强人才交流，联合培养创新型网络人才。

China supports enhanced cooperation and sharing of Internet technology. It calls for countries to work together to address technological difficulties and grow new industries and new business models through closer cooperation in network communication, mobile Internet, cloud computing, Internet of Things and big data. Personnel exchange will be further enhanced to expand the rank of professionals strong in innovation.

紧密结合“一带一路”建设，推动并支持中国的互联网企业联合制造、金融、信息通信等领域企业率先走出去，按照公平原则参与国际竞争，共同开拓国际市场，构建跨境产业链体系。鼓励中国企业积极参与他国能力建设，帮助发展中国家发展远程教育、远程医疗、电子商务等行业，促进这些国家的社会发展。

Keeping in mind the Belt and Road Initiative, China will encourage and support Chinese Internet companies, together with those in the manufacturing, financial and ICT sectors, to take the lead in going global, participate in international competition in line with the principle of fairness, explore international market and build cross-border industrial chain. Chinese companies will be encouraged to actively engage in capacity building of other countries and help developing countries with distance learning, remote health care and e-business among others to contribute to their social development.

八、加强全球信息基础设施建设和保护

8. Global Information Infrastructure Development and Protection

共同推动全球信息基础设施建设，铺就信息畅通之路。推动与周边及其他国家信息基础设施互联互通和“一带一路”建设，让更多国家和人民共享互联网带来的发展机遇。

China will work with other countries to strengthen global information infrastructure to facilitate smooth flow of information. It will promote information infrastructure connectivity and the Belt and Road Initiative with neighboring countries and beyond, so that more countries and their people can share the development opportunities brought by the Internet.

加强国际合作，提升保护关键信息基础设施的意识，推动建立政府、行业与企业的网络安全信息有序共享机制，加强关键信息基础设施及其重要数据的安全防护。

China will promote international cooperation to raise the awareness of critical information infrastructure protection, explore a mechanism which brings governments, industries and enterprises together to share cyber security information in an orderly manner, and shore up the security and protection of critical information infrastructure and important data.

推动各国就关键信息基础设施保护达成共识，制定关键信息基础设施保护的合作措施，加强关键信息基础设施保护的立法、经验和技术交流。

China will encourage countries to reach consensus on critical information infrastructure protection, map out specific cooperation measures and increase exchanges on legislation, experience and technology in this field.

推动加强各国在预警防范、应急响应、技术创新、标准规范、信息共享等方面合作，提高网络风险的防范和应对能力。

China will promote cooperation in such areas as early warning and prevention, emergency response, technological innovation, standards and regulations and information sharing in order to increase capacity for preventing and responding to risks.

九、促进网络文化交流互鉴

9. Exchange of Cyber Cultures

推动各国开展网络文化合作，让互联网充分展示各国各民族的文明成果，成为文化交流、文化互鉴的平台，增进各国人民情感交流、心灵沟通。以动漫游戏产业为重点领域之一，务实开展与“一带一路”沿线国家的文化合作，鼓励中国企业充分依托当地文化资源，提供差异化网络文化产品和服务。利用国内外网络文化博览交易平台，推动中国网络文化产品走出去。支持中国企业参加国际重要网络文化展会。推动网络文化企业海外落地。

China will facilitate cyber culture cooperation among countries to leverage the strength of the Internet to showcase the progress of civilizations of all countries and peoples, enhance cultural exchange and mutual learning and enable peoples to share their feelings and deepen mutual understanding. With the animation, comic and games industry as a priority area, China will carry out practical cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road, encourage Chinese enterprises to provide cyber cultural products and services catered to local needs based on local cultural resources. Cyber culture exhibitions and trade fairs home and abroad will play an important role to help Chinese cyber products and services go global. China will support participation of Chinese enterprises in major cyber culture exhibitions and facilitate their operation overseas.

结束语

Conclusion

21世纪是网络和信息化的时代。在新的历史起点上，中国提出建设网络强国的宏伟目标，这是落实“四个全面”战略布局的重要举措，是实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的必然选择。中国始终是网络空间的建设者、维护者和贡献者。中国网信事业的发展不仅将造福中国人民，也将是对全球互联网安全和发展的贡献。

The 21st century is an era of the Internet and IT application. At a new historical starting point, China has set out a national strategy for cyber development, which is a major step to implement the four-pronged comprehensive strategy, attain the two centenary goals and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. China has been contributing its part to building and maintaining cyberspace. The development of China’s cyber and information sector will not only benefit the Chinese people, but also contribute to a secure and growing global Internet.

中国在推进建设网络强国战略部署的同时，将秉持以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系理念，致力于与国际社会携起手来，加强沟通交流，深化互利合作，构建合作新伙伴，同心打造人类命运共同体，为建设一个安全、稳定、繁荣的网络空间作出更大贡献。

While moving forward with the national strategy for cyber development, China will, guided by the vision for a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, work with the international community to strengthen communication, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, forge partnership and build a community of shared future for mankind, thus making greater contribution to a secure, stable and prosperous cyberspace.