2017届高考英语一轮复习语法讲解课件：名词（新人教版）

　　7. Another

　　在名词前作定语，没有提示的语法填空题，只可能是填冠词、介词、连词或代词；再根据前面的the greatest (difficulty)和后面的Finally可知，此处是指多者中的“另一个”，故填another。 8. selfishness

　　在冠词后，要用名词。 9. Unless

　　因有you spend...和friendships will die away两个句子,

　　且两句之间没有关联词，此处一定是填关联词;

　　由两句的谓语动词的时态可判断,应填引导条件或时间状语从句的从属连词；根据两句的逻辑关系，应填unless引导条件状语从句。 10. letters

　　名词作宾语。因为是可数名词，且没有限定词，故用复数。 四、单句改错

　　1. I have only been there a couple of time. 1. time→ times

　　time作“次”解是可数名词，而a couple of是“两，几”的意思，其后要接可数名词的复数形式。

　　2. When you visit London, one of the first thing you will see is Big Ben. 2. thing→ things

　　因one of(……之一)后面总是接复数可数名词的。 3. Mr. Wang gave us some advices on how to remember Englsih words. 3. advices→ advice

　　因advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

　　4. I have no time to take exercise because I have a lot of homeworks to do. 4. homeworks→ homework

　　因为homework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 5. This happened four and a half century ago. 5. century→ centuries

　　意思是“四个半”世纪，超过一就要用复数，不要被a half迷惑。

　　6. More care would insure you against making so much mistakes. 6. much→ many

　　因为much是修饰不可数名词的，修饰可数名词mistakes要用many。 7. It’s about an hour drive from here to my office. hour→ hour’s

　　指开车“一个小时的”路程，故用所有格。

　　8. Li Ming, a three-years-old boy, is very lovely. years→ year

　　像three-year-old这类用连字符连接，在名词前作定语的名词，用单数。 9. We are having dinner at my aunt tonight. 9. aunt→ aunt’s

　　指到“我姨母的”家里吃饭。at my aunt’s 相当于at my aunt’s home。

　　10. In our school, there is a new lab building with lots of teaching equipments in it. 10. equipments→ equipment

　　因为equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 名词 1.不可数名词与可数名词的转化。 ⑴ 表示种类时：various fruits(各种水果)。

　　⑵ 表示具体的事物时：a success(一个成功人士)。

　　⑶ 表示“一场/段/件……” 时：a timely rain (一场及时雨)。 补充： ⑷ 表示“一杯/罐/瓶” 的tea，coffee，beer等：two beers(两杯啤酒)。

　　⑸ 表示不同意思时：room房间(可数)；余地，空间(不可数)。

　　有些不可数名词无论什么情况下也没有复数形式，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词，可称作“绝对不可数名词”。例如：fun，housework,

　　homework,

　　advice,

　　information,

　　news,

　　progress,

　　equipment, furniture,

　　baggage/luggage,

　　jewellery, machinery等。 注意： 2.of + use， value， help，difference，importance等某些抽象名词，其含义 相当于对应的形容词useful，valuable，helpful，different，important在句中可 作定语，表语、补语等。 The book is of great use.(=The book is very useful.)这本书很有用。(表语)

　　This is a book of great use.这是一本非常有用的书。(定语)

　　I find the book of great use.我觉得这本书非常有用。(宾补) 3.名词前的修饰语。

　　⑴ several,

　　(a) few,

　　many,

　　many a, a great/good many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等只能修饰可数名词；除many a后接单数可数名词外，其余要接复数名词。 ⑵

　　a bit of, (a) little(少), much, a great deal of, a large amount of等只能修饰不可数名词。

　　⑶

　　some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of, quantities of, masses of等既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。

　　Born on August 23,1988 in America［1］, Jeremy Shu-How Lin ［2］ is an professional basketball［3］ player［4］ with the［5］Huston Rockets of［6］ the National Basketball Association (NBA). But, to some degree, many Chinese fans［7］ and coaches［8］ take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a Chinese［9］ just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents［10］ were born in China.

　　熟读深思 Jeremy Lin has recently become a success［11］and attracted the world’s［12］attention, which gives Chinese people［13］ a lot of imagination［14］and pride. As we know, in most people’s eyes［15］, Jeremy

　　is a miracle［16］.

　　In June, 2017, when Jeremy took his third trip［17］to China, a large crowd came to meet him, among whom there were various fans including some families［18］, some children［19］and even some women players［20］.

　　They brought cameras［21］to take photos［22］with their idol. Jeremy had fun［23］ with his supporters and expected to come back again.

　　汉语译文：1988年8月23日出生于美国的林书豪是美国职业篮球运动员, 效力于美国国家篮球协会的休斯敦火箭队。但是, 从某种程度上来说, 很多的中国球迷和教练把他当成一名中国人或者至少乐意将他想像为中国人。只因为林书豪有一张典型的中国脸, 而且他的父母亲都出生于中国。

　　林书豪最近成为了一个成功的人,

　　引起了全世界的极大关注,

　　也带给中国球迷极大的想象和骄傲。正如我们知道的,

　　在多数人眼里,

　　林书豪是一个奇迹。

　　2017年6月，林书豪的第三次中国之旅吸引了大批球迷的到来, 包括很多的家庭、小球迷甚至一些女球员。他们随身携带相机准备和心中的偶像合影。林书豪表示这次和球迷的聚会很愉快并期待着再次来到中国。 1. 专有名词表示地点, 第一个字母要大写。 2. 专有名词表示人名。 3. 名词作定语，修饰另一名词。又如book store。 4. 表示职业或职位的单数可数名词player作表语,前面用不定冠词, 表示“一个”。 5. 因the Huston Rockets和the National Basketball Association都是由普通名词构成的专有名词; of the National Basketball Association是名词所有格, 因无生命的东西的名词所有格一般用“of+名词”表示, 又如：the cover of the book(书的封面)。

　　熟读深思

　　6.专有名词表示事物,

　　这里指美国职业篮球联 盟,常缩写为NBA。 7. fans为fan的复数形式,

　　可数名词的复数形式一般在后面直接加s。 8. coaches为coach的复数形式,

　　以s, x, sh, ch结尾,

　　复数形式加es。又如boxes, dishes, buses等。 9. 句中a Chinese是名词作补语。Chinese 指中国人, 这里为单数；但它的复数与单数同形, 类似的单词有deer, sheep, fish, aircraft, means, works, Japanese等。 10. 用“形容词性物主代词+名词”表示“某人的……”。 11. 这里的a success指“一个成功人士”。 12. 有生命的人或物的所有格,

　　一般用“名词 + s”表示。又如the teacher’s name。 13. people为集体名词, 总是复数意义。又如police, class等。 14. 不可数名词imagination作宾语，在a lot of, some, any, many等限定词后面通常接名词。 15. 名词eyes作介词in的宾语。 16. 在冠词（a, an, the）后通常应有名词。 17. 在序数词后通常加名词。 18. families为family的复数形式，以辅音字母加y结尾的名词复数形式是变y为i再加es。又如country—countries。 19. children为child的复数形式，属于不规则变化。又如ox—oxen。 20. man或 woman两个词作定语时，其单复数与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。又如three men teachers。 21. 个体名词，表示某类人或东西中的个体。又如computer。 22. photos为photo的复数形式, 以o结尾的词一般加s。在中学英语里, 以o结尾有生命的名词, 如hero, tomato, potato，其复数是加es。 23. 抽象名词：表示状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。又如anger。

　　语法填空纯空格题不会要求填名词，但在词类转换中会考查到名词的用法。 另外，冠词的考查也与名词用法相关联。解题时考生须注意以下几点：

　　1.单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(a， an， the)、名词的所有格(Tom’s)、形容 词性物主代词(my， your， his)、不定代 词(any， another，some)等。

　　名词与高考

　　2.空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。

　　3.在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词，在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语，还可能是定语从句。

　　4.若有定语从句、形容词短语、分词短语或介词短语等修饰，应当用所给词的名词形式。 5. 作主语或作宾语(在及物动词或介词后)时，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。

　　6. 在确定用名词形式后，还要考虑该名词是用单数还是复数、是否要用所有格。

　　7. 短文改错会考查名词的数与所有格。

　　灵活运用

　　一、完成句子

　　填入所给词的正确形式。 1.Two ________ (month) ago， three ______ (hero) caught four _______ (thief). They made them plant some __________ (potato) and __________ (bamboo) in two ______(zoo). They also made their ________(wife) return the four big ______ (box) with some precious ________ (photo) and ________ (brush) in them. months heroes thieves potatoes bamboos zoos wives

　　boxes photos brushes 2. Two _______________(editor-in-chief)， three _____________(man teacher) and five _______ ________ (woman doctor)， together with their _________ (child)， went to the market. They decided to buy two ______ (sheep)， three _____ (deer)， four _______(ox)， five ______ (goose) and six white _____ (mouse) with three ______ (foot) and six _______ (tooth). teeth editors-in-chief men teachers women doctors children sheep deer oxen

　　geese mice feet 二、单句填空

　　填入一个适当的词或所给词的正确形式。 1. Always remember to put such dangerous things as _______ (knife) out of children’s reach. 1. 根据前面的things可知用复数，作介词as的宾语。 knives 2. Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my ______ (tooth). 2. 因one of后面的名词一定是复数，tooth的复数是teeth。

　　3. In my opinion， it is wrong to cheat in _____________(exam) because it breaks the rules of schools. 3. 作介词in的宾语。

　　teeth examinations 4. In my opinion， no one agrees that a _______ (wealth) person without good health can be happy. So，just do our best and keep fit. 4. 在冠词与名词之间，用形容词作定语。 wealthy 5. Upon ______ (arrive), we began to work immediately. 5. 作介词的宾语用名词形式。

　　6. Since “Life is a stage”， we are actually all actors and ________ (act). 6. 由与之并列的actors(男演员)可知填actresses(女演员)，在句中作并列表语。

　　arrival actresses 7. There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial ___________ (express). 7. 前有形容词修饰，用名词，或者说，作介词in的宾语，用名词。

　　8. Lang Lang is a world-class young ______ (piano) who grew up in Shenyang. 8. 由其后的定语从句可知，空格处是先行词，且指人。 expressions pianist 三、语篇填空

　　A high school history teacher once told us， “If you make one close friend in school,

　　you will be most lucky. 1____ true friend is someone who stays with you for life.”

　　Experience shows that he was right. Good 2_____________ (friend) are just not easily formed.

　　To most of us，friendships are thought very important， but we need to have the kinds of friendships we want.

　　A

　　friendships

　　Are they to be close or kept at arm’s 3 _______ (long)？ Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface？For some people，many friendships on the surface are quite enough and that’s all right. But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 4 ________ (friend) expectations. The sharing of 5 _______ (person) experience is the surest way 6 ___________________ (deepen) friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are signs of interest and action in return. length

　　friends’

　　personal

　　to deepen/of deepening

　　What are some of the difficulties to friendship？ The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships take time. 7 _____ main difficulty is the 8 ____________(selfish) to think one “owns”

　　the other， including his time and attention. Similarly， friendships need actions in return. In other words， you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of each other. 9 ______ you spend reasonable time together， talking on the phone， writing 10 ______(letter) or doing things together, friendships will die away. Another

　　selfishness

　　Unless

　　letters

　　本文主要讲如何加深友谊(how to deepen friendships)。 1. A

　　在单数可数名词friend前可能是冠词、名词的所有格、形容词性物主代词或不定代词；由语境可知，此处指类别，泛指“一个”真正的朋友，故填不定冠词A。 2. friendships

　　在句中作主语，用名词形式；又根据谓语动词are formed是复数，可知作主语的名词要用复数；再根据搭配，不容易形成的应当是“友谊”，而不是“朋友”，故填friendships。 3. length

　　在名词所有格后，要用名词形式。keep sb. at arm’s length意为“不使自己太接近某人；与某人保持距离(not allow oneself to become too friendly with sb.)”。 4. friends’

　　在名词前作定语，要用其形容词形式或者名词的所有格；根据语境，应当指“我们的朋友的”，应当用复数形式的所有格，故填friends’。 5. personal

　　在名词前作定语，用形容词形式。 6. to deepen/of deepening

　　在way后用不定式作定语或用of doing作定语。