2017届高考英语一轮复习语法讲解课件：介词（新人教版）

　　8. Japan is known for the land of the cherry blossom(樱花) because of in the spring of the year the cherry trees are so beautiful. (1) for→ as

　　因be known as…表示“被称为，作为……而著名”，be known for…表示“因……而著名”，be known to sb.表示“为某人所熟知”。 (2) 去掉because后的of

　　因为其后是句子，要用连词because，而because of 是短语介词，其后不能接从句(what he said之类的从句除外)。 9. As is known by all, the Internet is playing a more and more important part on our daily life. (1) by→ to

　　因为As is known to all(众所周知)是固定词组。

　　(2) on→ in

　　因play a part in sth.(在……中起作用)也是固定词组。 10. Under his help, I have made rapid progress and caught up the class. (1) Under→ With

　　表示“在某人的帮助下”，用with sb.’s help = with the help of sb.来表达。

　　(2) 在caught up后加with

　　因catch up with是表示“赶上”的固定词组。 介词

　　熟读深思

　　Born in［1］Peking, Yuan Longping graduated from［2］ Southwest Agricultural College in China in［3］1953, and since［4］his graduation he has devoted himself to［5］agricultural education and research. His pioneering research has helped rid China of［6］hunger within［7］three decades. In 1973, in［8］cooperation with others, he was able to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species which had great advantages over［9］others and whose output would increase by［10］20 percent than that of common ones.

　　With［11］ higher yields than previous varieties, Professor Yuan’s new crop, regarded as［12］ the fifth invention after［13］ China’s Four Major Inventions, has quickly improved China’s food supply. Without［14］ any hesitation, he shared his knowledge

　　and technology with foreign scientists, so farmers in more than ten other countries besides［15］ China have thus benefited

　　from［16］ his work, gaining access to［17］ his technology.

　　In［18］ return, he was awarded with［19］ many international awards for his great achievements. In his spare time, Dr. Yuan loves playing the violin and listening to music. Every night, he reads for［20］ half

　　an hour about［21］ various topics before he goes to sleep. But he cares for nothing more than his research and he goes to the fields twice a day by［22］ motorbike, which has left a strong impression on［23］ us.

　　汉语译文：袁隆平出生于北京，1953年毕业于中国西南农学院，自从毕业后，他一直致力于农业教育和研究工作。他开创性的研究已经帮助中国在三十年内摆脱了挨饿问题。1973年，通过与人合作，他培育出了一种优于其他品种的杂交水稻，其产量比普通品种要高20%。由于产量比以前的品种高，这种被认为是继中国四大发明之后的第五大发明，迅速提高了中国的粮食供应。 他毫不犹豫地和外国科学家分享他的知识和技术，因而，除中国以外，还有另外十多个国家的农民能利用他的技术，从中受益。他也因他巨大的成就而获得多个国际大奖。在闲暇时间，他喜欢拉小提琴、听音乐。每晚睡觉前,他都会用半个小时阅读各种话题的书籍。他最为关心的是他的研究工作, 他一天两次开摩托车到田里, 这给我们留下了深刻的印象。 1. in 地点介词，在某个城市、国家等范围较大的地点前用in；小地点，如station，airport， corner等前面常用at。 2. 从某所学校毕业用graduated from。 3. in 用于年、月前用in。 4. since“自……以后，从……以来”，表示某情况自过去某时间点或某个事件以来一直持续到现在，谓语动词通常使用完成时。 5. 介词to与动词devote构成词组 devote oneself to表示“某人致力于某事”。

　　熟读深思

　　6. 词组 rid sb. of表示“使某人摆脱”。 7. 介词within后面接一段时间，表示“不超过，在……的范围内”。 8. 固定搭配in cooperation with, 表示“与……合作”。 9. 固定搭配have advantages over，表示“比……有优势”。 10. by后接数量词，表示增加或减少的幅度。 11. with 表示“有”。 12. as表示 “作为”。 13. after 表示“在……之后”。 14. 词组without any hesitation表示“毫不犹豫地”。 15. besides表示 “除了……外，还”。 16. 词组benefit from表示“从……中受益”。 17. access后常接介词to 构成词组access to表示“可获得/利用某物或到达某地”。 18. 词组in return, 表示“反过来，作为报答”。 19. be awarded with表示“被授予”。 20. for表示某事持续了一段时间。 21. about关于；在……方面。 22. by乘(交通工具)。 23. leave a strong impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象。

　　介词与高考

　　介词后一定要接宾语，作宾语的通常是名词、代词或动名词或what从句。

　　1.做语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词或what从句，且他们在句中不是作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，这个空格就很可能是填介词。然后根据句子意思和空格前后词语的搭配习惯来确定填哪一个介词。

　　2.在短文改错中，主要考查介词的多用、误用、漏用以及介词后接动词原形而不是动名词。 一、单句填空

　　请填入一个适当的词。

　　灵活运用

　　1. So,

　　I just looked at her _____ a questioning expression on my face. 表示脸上“带着”疑问的表情。

　　2. During the winter, they remind themselves, “This won’t last long； we’ll soon be out of here.”

　　And ____ the first warm day,

　　the ants are out. 表示“在”具体的某一天。

　　with on 3. The new boy looked at the teacher ____ a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.

　　表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用“for +时间段”。

　　4. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him ____ his own either. 因on one’s own (=alone)是固定搭配。 for on 5. His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _____a happy heart. 名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语,也不作动词的宾语, 就应是作介词的宾语, 空格处应填介词; 由句意可知, 是指这个年轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家, 表示“带着”用with。 with 6. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes ____sale. 固定搭配on sale, 表示“出售”。 on 7. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ___ table having supper. 名词(table)在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 很可能就是作介词的宾语; 由having supper可知, 填at; 因为at table表示“在餐桌边, 在进餐”, 也是习惯搭配。

　　at 8. He was very tired __________ doing this for a whole day. 因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”, 表示“在…之后”, 用介词after;另外be tired from doing表示“因做某事而累”，所以也可填from。 after/ from 9. I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me ___ a guest in their house. 意思是“把我当作客人”来接待, 表示“当作, 作为”, 用介词as。 as 10. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ___ the trouble I had caused her. 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”是reward sb. for sth.。 for 11. I once took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk,

　　_____

　　a Pepsi can in my hand.

　　构成with复合结构，表伴随。 with

　　12. We should take some measures to fight

　　_______ pollution. 短语：fight against同……作斗争。

　　13. During one visit ___the Pacific islands of Tonga，a specially-prepared dinner was arranged in her honor. 名词visit有“参观某地”之意，后接介词to，再接地点。 against to 14. We’d better discuss everything ____ detail before we work out the plan. 搭配：in detail详细地。句意为：我们在执行计划之前最好把所有事情都详细地进行讨论。 in 15. Try on this red skirt; you will look great

　　___ it. 表示“穿着”。 in 二、语篇填空

　　Mr. Brown was going away 1 _____a week. Before he left, he said to his son, “If anyone asks 2 ______me, you can tell him that your father has been out 3 ____doing something, and will be back 4 _____a week, then be sure

　　to ask him to sit down 5 ______ a cup of tea.”

　　“OK, Dad,” said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn’t remember this, he wrote these words down 6 _____a piece of paper and gave it 7 _____him.

　　for

　　for

　　for

　　in

　　for

　　on

　　to

　　His son put it 8 _____ his small pocket, took it out and looked 9 _____it every now and then.

　　Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was 10 _____no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.

　　The next afternoon, someone knocked 11 _____ the door.

　　into

　　at

　　of

　　at

　　The boy opened it. A man was standing 12 _____ the door and said, “Where is your father?” The boy put his hand into his pocket 13 _____once and looked 14 ____ the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, “No more.”

　　The man asked 15 ____ surprise, “No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?”

　　at

　　at

　　for

　　in

　　本文是个笑话，笑料在于no more有“没有了”“死了”等不同含意。 1. for

　　表示持续多久，用“for+时间段”。 2. for

　　词组ask for sb.意为“找某人”。 3. for

　　表示目的，此处for doing相当于to do。 4. in

　　表示过多久后将会做某事，用“in+时间段”。 5. for

　　表示目的用for，此处相当于to have。 6. on

　　表示“在纸上”写下来。 7. to

　　因“把某物给某人”是give sth. to sb.。 8. into

　　将纸条“放入”口袋里。 9. at

　　因look at表示“看”。 10. of

　　因of use =useful。 11. at

　　因knock at the door表示“敲门”。 12. at

　　因at the door表示“在门口”。 13. at

　　因at once表示“立即，马上”。 14. for

　　因look for表示“寻找”。 15. in

　　因表示“惊奇地”用in surprise。 三、单句改错

　　1. I worked like a postman for a short time, but I am afraid of dogs and I had a lot of trouble.

　　like→ as

　　因为work as a postman表示“当邮递员”。

　　2. No sooner had I got off my bicycle than a large dog ran towards the gate, barking loudly to me. to→ at

　　指狗“朝”我大声叫，用at。 3. The terrible-looking dog picked the card immediately and carried it in the house. The dog was a good postman. in→ into

　　把明信片叼“进”房子里。into表示“进入”，in表示“在……里”。 4. In a very cold and windy morning, Miss Jones walked to the school, and the cold wind went into her eyes, and big tears began rolling out of them.

　　In→ On

　　通常说in the morning/ afternoon/ evening，但是当它们与形容词连用表示“在一个……样的上午/下午/晚上”时，或表示具体某天的上午/下午/晚上时，要用on。又如：on the morning of the 10th of September在9月10日的上午。 5. In my surprise, two fire engines were outside my house. In→ To

　　固定搭配：to sb.’s surprise 让某人吃惊的是……。

　　6. I told about the firemen that it was my careless cooking that caused the heavy smoke. 去掉about

　　由tell sb. sth. (告诉某人某事）可知。 7. Paddy and I wanted to go off for help, but Mike insisted staying near the car. 在insisted后加on

　　insist on doing sth.(坚持要求做某事)。