高三英语备考总复习课件人教版：专项语法14-主谓一致 87张

　　选 修 7

　　Units 3～

　　专项语法十四　主谓一致

　　要点精析

　　一、语法一致原则

　　主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。

　　Two students are waiting for you in your office.

　　两名学生在办公室等你。

　　二、意义一致原则

　　1．谓语动词用单数的情况

　　(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。

　　The worker and writer is from Wuhan.

　　那个工人兼作家来自武汉。

　　(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/ many a＋单数名词”作主语。

　　Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

　　每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。

　　例　(2010·陕西，24)It is reported that many a new house________at present in the disaster area.

　　A．are being built

　　B．were being built

　　C．was being built

　　D．is being built

　　解析：句意：据报道，现在许多新房屋正在灾区兴建。由at present 可知本句要用现在进行时态，而当“many a＋可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，尽管含有复数意义。

　　答案：D

　　(3)one/every one/each/either/the number＋of＋复数名词作主语。

　　Each of the students has a book.

　　每个学生都有一本书。

　　(4)由every­，any­，some­，no­和­one, ­thing，­body等所构成的不定代词作主语。

　　Is everybody here today?

　　今天每个人都在这儿吗？

　　(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。

　　Persuading him to join us seems really hard.

　　劝他加入我们看起来确实难。

　　To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.

　　早睡早起是一个好的习惯。

　　Whatever was left was taken away.

　　无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。

　　注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。

　　What they need are books.

　　他们需要的是书。

　　例　(2010·湖南，33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

　　A．is

　　B．are

　　C．has

　　D．have

　　解析：句意：在摇滚音乐中，听嘈杂的音乐使一些青少年造成听力损失。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。根据句法结构，此处应用主动语态。

　　答案：C

　　2．谓语动词用复数的情况

　　(1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。

　　Both bread and butter are sold out.

　　面包和黄油都卖完了。

　　(2)people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。

　　People read for pleasure during their spare time.

　　人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。

　　(3)一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods, stairs, arms等作主语。

　　The goods are made in China.

　　这些货物都是中国制造的。

　　(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。

　　The Himalayas are the roof of the world.

　　喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。

　　(5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名词作主语。

　　A number of other plants were found in America.

　　在美国发现了大量的其他植物。

　　例　(2009·福建)—Why does the lake smell terrible?

　　—Because large quantities of water________.

　　A．have polluted

　　B．is being polluted

　　C．has been polluted

　　D．have been polluted

　　解析：large quantities of＋n. 作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式，故排除B、C两项。由句意可知此处表示“水被污染”，故用被动形式。故选D。

　　答案：D

　　3．谓语动词单、复数视情况而定

　　(1)集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。

　　The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.

　　中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。

　　(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means, works, pains, deer, fish, sheep等。

　　Every means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.

　　每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。

　　There are various means of communicating with a stranger.

　　同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。

　　(3)“kind, sort, pair, type＋名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。

　　The kind of paper is made of straw.

　　这种纸是由稻草制成的。

　　Some kinds of animals are dying out.

　　一些种类的动物要灭绝了。

　　(4)all, none, some, any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。

　　All is going on very well.

　　一切顺利。

　　All are present besides the professor.

　　包括教授在内大家都在。

　　(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/a lot/plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。

　　A lot of students are coming to the meeting.

　　有很多学生要来开会。

　　A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.

　　准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。

　　例　(2011·湖南，26)One­third of the country

　　________ covered

　　with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people.

　　A．is; are

　　B．is; is

　　C．are; are

　　D．are; is

　　解析：本题考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的森林覆盖面积占国土面积的三分之一并且大多数市民都是黑人。“分数词＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的形式；“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词通常用复数形式。

　　答案：A

　　三、就近一致原则

　　1．由or, either...or..., neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。

　　Neither you nor I am fit for the work.

　　你和我都不适合这份工作。

　　例　(2009·湖南)Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

　　A．are

　　B．is

　　C．have

　　D．be

　　解析：考查主谓一致。句意：要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。按照就近一致原则，one of your students的中心词为one，谓语动词该用单数，在本句中is to do表示应该(should)。

　　答案：B

　　注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except /like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

　　Henry, rather than Jane and John, is responsible for the loss.

　　损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。

　　答案：B

　　例　(2009·陕西)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer.

　　A. is going to

　　B. are going to

　　C. was going to

　　D. were going to

　　解析：本题考查主谓一致。句意：Dr. Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。由this summer可知本句应用一般将来时，故排除C、D；together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数应取决于其前面的主语，故选A。

　　答案：A

　　2．由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

　　There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil­box.

　　文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

　　Are there three books and one pen on your desk?

　　你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？

　　四、从句中谓语动词的数

　　1．在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，主谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但“one of＋复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the(only/very)one of＋复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。

　　①He is one of the students who have taken part in the activity.

　　他是参加过这个活动的学生之一。

　　②He is the only one of the students who has taken part in the activity.

　　他是唯一参加过这个活动的学生。

　　例　(2010·全国Ⅱ，9)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________evening dress.

　　A．wear

　　B．wears

　　C．has worn

　　D．have worn

　　解析：考查时态和定语从句的主谓一致。句意：巴巴拉很容易被认出，因为她是唯一穿晚礼服的一位女士。用一般现在时表示当时的状态。先行词被the only 修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

　　答案：B

　　2．在强调句型中，如果被强调的部分是原句的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的数与被强调的部分保持一致。

　　It is I who am wrong.

　　是我错了。

　　运用提升

　　1．(2011·安徽，27)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________ saved for other purposes.

　　A. is

　　B.

　　are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　答案：D　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的节约下来有其他用途。the rest of which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the raw materials，故定语从句的谓语动词应用复数；由主句的谓语动词的时态知应用过去时态。

　　2．(2010·四川，15)Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read, of whose works, however, some ________ difficult to understand.

　　A．are; are

　　B．is; is

　　C．are; is

　　D．is; are

　　答案：A　句意：一些诗人，像莎士比亚，是被广泛阅读的，然而，其中一些作品是难以理解的。句中of whose works到句末是非限制性定语从句。第一空的主语是some poets，谓语动词用复数；而第二空的主语是some of whose works，谓语动词也要用复数。

　　3．(2010·天津，10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting________at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.

　　A．are exhibiting

　　B．is exhibiting

　　C．are being exhibited

　　D．is being exhibited

　　答案：C　考查了主谓一致和时态。 句意：像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。艺术品是被展出，且主语为复数arts，故C项正确。

　　4．(2010·东北四校第四次模拟)________of the household garbage________recycled or reused since the new technology was applied.

　　A．Three­fourth; has

　　B．Three­fourths; have

　　C．Three­fourths; has been

　　D．Three­fourth; have been

　　答案：C　考查分数的表达法和主谓一致。分母用序数词，分子用基数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数；“分数＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　5．(2010·自贡三诊)Not far from the club______two gardens, its owner________nearby playing bridge with his children.

　　A．are; seated

　　B．are; seating

　　C．is; seated

　　D．is; seating

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。第一空是全倒装结构，句子主语是two gardens，因此用are；第二空用非谓语动词，its owner与seat之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。注意：该句也可表达为Not far from the club are two gardens, and its owner is seated nearby playing bridge with his children.。

　　6．(2010·湖南师大附中第七次月考)The confidence of the Chinese film makers________by Avatar, the release of________has not only set a good example for the Chinese film industry but also embarrassed our directors, who lack professional ethics.

　　A．has blown; which

　　B．have blown; that

　　C．has been blown; which

　　D．have been blown; that

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致、被动语态和非限制性定语从句的用法。confidence与blow之间是被动关系，Avatar指电影《阿凡达》，是定语从句的先行词。blow 在此意为 “ruin, lose”。

　　7．(2010·东北师大附中高三一模)It will be one of the nations worst affected by climate change, as________of the country____ ____below sea level.

　　A．two­fifth; is

　　B．two­fifth; are

　　C．two­fifths; is

　　D．two­fifths; are

　　答案：C　考查分数的表达法和主谓一致。句意：这个国家将成为受气候变化影响最厉害的国家，因为该国五分之二的国土在海平面以下。五分之二应该表达为two­fifths；国土表示抽象概念，看成单数。

　　8．(2010·盐城二调)—How is the test that you took yesterday?

　　—Unfortunately, not even one of the hundred students who took the test________passed.

　　A．has

　　B．have

　　C．are

　　D．is

　　答案：A　考查时态和主谓一致。答语句意：不幸的是，参加考试的100名学生没有一个过关。由句意可知，用主动语态，即排除C、D两项；句子的主语是one，所以用单数。

　　9．(2010·河南省唐河三高高三一模)He told us sadly that more than one person________in the case.

　　A．involved

　　B．had involved

　　C．was involved

　　D．were involved

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致和语态。“more than one＋名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以D项错误；再由be involved in“牵连，包括”搭配可知选C项。

　　10．(2010·银川一中一模)The number of the trees we planted last year________more than three hundred, a number of which________died for different reasons.

　　A．are; has

　　B．is; was

　　C．was; have

　　D．were; have

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致。the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数；a number of 作主语，谓语动词用复数。

　　11．(2010·合肥质检二)—Do you like this magazine?

　　—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in our class________it to be helpful to our studies.

　　A．think

　　B．thought

　　C．thinks

　　D．is thinking

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致。“every/each/no＋单数名词＋and＋every/each/no＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；D项用进行时不恰当。

　　12．(2010·宜宾一诊)As a result of the serious earthquake, one third of the buildings in this area________.

　　A．has damaged

　　B．have been damaged

　　C．has been damaged

　　D．have damaged

　　答案：B　考查主谓一致。分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词或代词的数保持一致，此处与buildings保持一致。

　　13．(2010·山西四校联考)This term our class will have a picnic, but when and where________yet.

　　A．aren't decided

　　B．isn't decided

　　C．haven't been decided

　　D．hasn't been decided

　　答案：D　考查主谓一致。when and where此处表示同一件事情紧密相连的两个方面，谓语动词应该用单数；根据yet，应用现在完成时。

　　14．(2010·天津一中月考)The father as well as his two sons________the flowers when it began to rain heavily.

　　A．watered

　　B．were watering

　　C．was watering

　　D．are watering

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致。该句的主语是the father, his two sons是第二个as的介词宾语， 所以谓语动词应用单数；根据语境此处应用过去进行时。

　　15．(2010·湖南雅礼中学月考)A writer and editor______ coming to give us a lecture about American literature sometime next week.

　　A．is

　　B．are

　　C．was

　　D．were

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致。a writer and editor意思是“一位作家兼编辑”，是一个人兼有两种身份，所以谓语动词应该用单数；根据时间next week可排除C和D。

　　16．(2010·福建东山期末)With more forests being cut down, huge quantities of good land________deserts each year.

　　A．becomes

　　B．became

　　C．is becoming

　　D．are becoming

　　答案：D　考查主谓一致。quantities of＝a quantity of, 前者作主语时谓语动词用复数，后者作主语时谓语动词用单数。

　　17．(2010·济宁一中期末)It is I, not he, who________ responsible for the arrangement of the meeting.

　　A．is

　　B．are

　　C．am

　　D．was

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致。这是一个强调句型，who指代被强调的主语I，而not he 只是一个附加结构。

　　18．(2010·聊城一中一模)I am looking for someone who________a red coat with a baby on her back.

　　A．wears

　　B．wear

　　C．are wearing

　　D．wore

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致。定语从句的主语who指代先行词someone, 而不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　19．(2010·浙江湖州中学月考) Linda is the only one of the students in her class who________three languages.

　　A．speak

　　B．speaks

　　C．is speaking

　　D．are speaking

　　答案：B　考查主谓一致。定语从句的主语who指代先行词the only one, 所以谓语动词应该用单数。

　　20．(2010·宁波十校联考)The following________some useful expressions; you'd better write them down.

　　A．is

　　B．are

　　C．was

　　D．were

　　答案：B　考查主谓一致。the following在“主语＋系动词＋表语”的句式中作主语时，谓语动词通常与表语保持数的一致。

　　21．(2010·郑州47中月考)Many a student in our class___ _____taken part in the activity.

　　A．has

　　B．have

　　C．had

　　D．is

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致。“many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　22．(2010·浙江杭州科目质检)________you or your brother going to take care of my house during my absence in Shanghai?

　　A．Are

　　B．Will

　　C．Is

　　D．Would

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致。either...or...连接并列主语时谓语动词与邻近的主语保持人称与数的一致。

　　23．(2010·江西安福中学月考)The majority of doctors________that drinking too much________harmful to health.

　　A．believes; are

　　B．believe; are

　　C．believes; is

　　D．believe; is

　　答案：D　考查主谓一致。the majority of...作主语时谓语动词要与其后的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致；非谓语动词(动名词和不定式)作主语时谓语动词一般用单数。

　　24．(2010·潍坊一模)Listening attentively in class and reviewing in time________a sure way to improve your learning, and this is especially true________it comes to standard tests.

　　A．is; when

　　B．are; when

　　C．is; while

　　D．are; as

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致和特殊句式。第一空主语是动名词短语Listening attentively in class and reviewing in time，意思是“上课认真听及时复习”，在此表示的是同一个概念，因此用单数；第二空when it comes to (doing)sth.是固定短语，意思是“当谈论到……时”。句意：课上认真听认真复习一定能提高你的学习，当谈论到标准测试时，这一点尤其有效。

　　25．(2010·甘肃皋兰一模)—Lydia，what did our head­teacher say just now?

　　—Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who________to lead the group________asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.

　　A．is; is

　　B．are；are

　　C．are；is

　　D．is；are

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致。由句意知，第一空的who指代的是the teachers，所以用复数；第二空的主语是every boy and every girl as well as the teachers，所以应该由as well as前的every boy and every girl来确定谓语动词的单复数，所以选单数。注意：被every，each，many a，no等限定的单个主语由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数。其中后一个限定词可省略。如：Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。Many a teacher and (many a)student has seen the film. 许多老师和学生看过这部电影。

　　26．(2010·福建普高质检)Now that the forest was destroyed by a big fire, a large________of trees________to be planted on the mountain.

　　A．number; has

　　B．quantity; have

　　C．amount; have

　　D．sum; have

　　答案：B　a large quantity of跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致；a large number of跟可数名词复数；谓语动词用复数；a large amount of跟不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，a large sum of跟不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。

　　27．(2010·雅安二中月考)About________of these rooms_____ ___empty.

　　A．two third; are

　　B．two thirds; are

　　C．two thirds; is

　　D．two third; is

　　答案：B　考查数词和主谓一致。表示分数时，如果基数词大于one，序数词后必须加s，因此A和D两项应先排除。根据主谓一致的原则，句中的谓语动词应用复数形式。

　　28．(2010·攀枝花一模)________people have visited the_____ ___stone bridge.

　　A．Two millions of; 500­foot­long

　　B．Several millions of; 500­feet­long

　　C．Two million; 500­feet­long

　　D．Millions of; 500­foot­long

　　答案：D　考查数词。在millions of前不能再出现数量词， 所以可先排除A、B，而C的复合形容词中间应用单数名词，再如： a five­year­old boy。

　　29．(2010·通州高三期中)He is the only one of the employees who________sent abroad for further training for five years.

　　A．is

　　B．are

　　C．have been

　　D．has been

　　答案：D　考查主谓一致和时态。句意：他是唯一被派往国外培训五年的职工。定语从句中，关系代词作主语，谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但是“the(only/very)one of＋复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。因此此处用单数；由句意和时间状语“for five years”可知，用现在完成时。

　　30．(2010·淄博一模)The whole class________searching for the missing boy when the heavy rain poured down.

　　A．was

　　B．were

　　C．had been

　　D．would be

　　答案：B　考查主谓一致和时态。句意：大雨倾盆时，全班同学正在寻找失踪的孩子。由句意可知，集体名词class在此表示个体，所以用复数；再由when引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时可知，用were。

　　31．(2010·绍兴一模)—We'd like a standard room, please.

　　—I'm sorry. All but two single rooms with Internet access________.

　　A．were reserved

　　B．has been reserved

　　C．have been reserved

　　D．has reserved

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致和时态。主语后有介词but时，谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，因此与all保持一致；而all指人时看作单数，指物时看作复数；因此本题用复数，排除B、D两项；再由句意可知，用现在完成时，强调对现在的影响。

　　32．(2010·北京市海淀区高三五月模拟)—Have you heard that Jones, along with her parents，________to Hainan for the winter vacation?

　　—Really? No wonder I haven't seen her these days.

　　A．has been

　　B．have been

　　C．has gone

　　D．have gone

　　答案：C　考查主谓一致和时态。当主语后有介词along with时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，因此该题选单数；再由句意可知，Jones仍在海南度假，所以用has gone不用has been。

　　33．(2010·邯郸二模)A desktop, together with 100 DVDs, ________to the kindergarten as a present.

　　A．has been offered

　　B．have been offered

　　C．has offered

　　D．have offered

　　答案：A　考查主谓一致和时态。当主语后有介词短语together with等时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，因此该题选单数；再由句意可知，用被动语态。

　　34．(2010·河北衡水中学一模)________of the household rubbish________recycled or reused since the new technology was applied.

　　A．Three­fourth; has

　　B．Three­fourth; have been

　　C．Three­fourths; has been

　　D．Three­fourths; have

　　答案：C　考查分数表达法和主谓一致。分子大于1时，分母后加s，所以四分之三应该表述为three­fourths，所以排除A、B两项；“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致，因此第二空用单数，所以排除D项。故只有C项正确。

　　35．(2010·泰安模拟)Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help________since the organization was built.

　　A．has offered

　　B．had been offered

　　C．have been offered

　　D．is offered

　　答案：C　由as well as连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数，“large quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。分析题目可知动作虽然发生在过去，但对现在还有影响，故应用现在完成时。

　　36．(2010·开封模拟)John is the only one of the students in the class that never________a mistake even when it is pointed to him.

　　A．admit making

　　B．admits making

　　C．admit to make

　　D．admits to make

　　答案：B　句意：约翰是班里学生中唯一一个即使被指出错误来也不承认的学生。one of＋名词的复数作先行词，在从句中作主语时，如果one前有修饰词the very, the only等时，从句谓语动词用单数，反之用复数。本题中有the only修饰，因此选单数谓语；同时在动词admit后用动名词。

　　37．(2010·南通质检)On the contrary, I think it is Truman，________you，______to blame.

　　A．more than; are

　　B．less than; who are

　　C．rather than; that is

　　D．rather than; is

　　答案：C　分析句子成分是解答此题的关键。本题为强调句式，第二个空必须用who或that引导从句，因此可排除A项和D项；rather than意为“而不是”。此处强调的是Truman，故谓语动词应为单数，故选C。

　　38．(2010·南通市第一次调研)I wonder whether the soldier is one of those who________abroad to keep peace.

　　A．has been sent

　　B．have been sent

　　C．have sent

　　D．has sent

　　答案：B　考查语态和主谓一致。关系代词who指代的是先行词those，所以助动词要用have，战士是被派送到国外维和的，所以要用被动语态。

　　39．(2010·湖南高三十二校联考)An exhibition of paintings ________at the museum next week.

　　A．are to be held

　　B．are holding

　　C．is holding

　　D．is to be held

　　答案：D　考查主谓一致和时态。hold与exhibition之间为动宾关系。本句的主语是an exhibition, of paintings是介词短语作后置定语。所以谓语动词是单数，再结合时间状语next week可知是表示将来要发生的动作。be to do sth.通常表示按照计划或安排将要发生某事，此处是被动形式。