2017高考英语备考复习课件：动词的时态2

　　高三英语语法

　　动词的时态 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 write writes am/is/ are +writing have/has +written have/has + been writing 过去 wrote was/were +writing had + written had + been writing 将来 shall/will +write shall/will+ be writing shall/will +have written shall/will + have been writing 过去将来 should /would

　　+write should/ would + be writing should/would+ have written should/would +have been writing 一、概说：英语一共有十六个时态（8种基本时态 +8种合成时态）各个时态的构成法归纳如下:（以”write”为例） 二、易错点讲解 1、一般现在时用法注意点: (1)表示经常发生、习惯性的动作,与 every day, usually, once a week 等时间状语连用

　　他每天骑自行车上学。

　　He cycles to school every day. (2)现在的特征或状态（通常用于静态动词）如：belong to, cost, matter, own, think etc.

　　He loves sports.

　　--Do you sing? –A little. (3)表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理 He said that the earth turns round the sun. 二、易错点讲解 1、一般现在时用法注意点: (4)在 when, until, before, if 等引导的时间状语、条件状语从句，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时态表将来(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)。 Do let me know when he __________(come) back. Do you know when he _____________ (come) back? I wonder if he __________ ( come) back tonight. I’ll give you an answer immediately I’ve finished reading. will come will come

　　comes 2. 现在进行时的用法注意点 (1)现在进行时与一般现在时的用法比较。现在进行时既可表示现在时刻正在进行的动作，也可表示现阶段一直进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）， 强调动作的暂时性和未完成性—短暂的事实；而一般现在时强调动作的长久性或反复性。 He works in a chemical factory. (长久性工作） He is working in a chemical factory these days. (临时性工作)

　　I don’t work here, I’m just helping until the secretary comes back.

　　(2) 现在进行时与always, constantly, continually, all the time, all along, 等频度状语连用，对现阶段经常发生的动作表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。 She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. You are continually finding faults with me. (3) 现在进行时用于时间或条件状语从句中，可代替将来进行时 When you are talking with him, take care not to mention this. I’ll think about it while you ‘re writing the report. If you are standing at the corner, I’ll give you a lift into town. 3、现在完成时用法注意点。 (1)两种意义的现在完成时

　　a.持续到现在（动词要用延续性动词）；

　　时间状语：表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一

　　段时间状语 today, recently，up to now，so far， these days, in/over/during the last/past ten days/months/years, etc. Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years in China. b. 对现在有影响； 时间状语： already, just, ever,

　　never ,before, not yet, etc. Have you ever found out her telephone number? (2) have been to

　　VS

　　have gone to

　　(3) since

　　I have done it since you left.

　　It is three years since I saw you.

　　I have lived here ever since. (4) I have left.

　　但I have been away for three days. (5) When have you done it? 错 (6) It is the third time he has been late this week. (7) 在含有时间状语或条件状语的复合句中，强调从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 I’ll go with you when I have had this cup of tea. 4、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 一般过去时只单纯表示过去发生过的动作或存在的状态，与现在时间没有联系，可和表示确切过去的时间、地点状语连用。现在完成时表示过去发生过的某动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，不能和表示确切的过去时间、地点状语连用。 She has promised to help me.

　　Last week she promised to help me. (2) He has been caught by the police.

　　He was caught by the police at a restaurant. (3) Mr. Black has lived in China for ten years.

　　Mr. Black lived in China for 3 years in the 1990s. 5、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的用法比较

　　现在完成时表示动作已完成，侧重结果；现在完成进时既可表示动作在说话时刻之前刚刚结束，也可表示动作还将继续下去，侧重于动作的持续性、暂时性和未完成的含义。 They have repaired the road.

　　(表示路已修好) They have been repairing the road. （表示路还在修） The police have been looking into the matter, but they haven’t drawn a conclusion yet.

　　有时两者可替换：

　　He’s lived here for

　　10 years. (= He’s been living here for 10 years.) But he lived here for 5 years in the 1990s. 6、一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生过的动作或存在的状态，侧重动作已完成； 而过去进行时 表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，强调动作在持续，并未完成。

　　Last year, he wrote a book.

　　Last year, he was writing a book, but hasn’t finished till now. (2)一般过去时和过去进行时都可表示过去某段时间内发生的动作或情况，但一般过去时只说明过去该段时间内发生过某事的事实；而过去进行时则侧重在动作持续时间的长度，不仅是说明发生过某事。

　　They built a new hotel last autumn.

　　He was working all through the night. (3) 一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中，表示一个动作发生在另一个动作进行的过程之中时， 通常表示较短的动作用一般过去时，表示较长的动作用过去进行时。 She broke a glass while she was cooking the dinner. I was running downstairs when I slipped and fell. 7. 一般将来时的6种表达形式 “will/shall+动词原形”：将要发生的动作或状况，也可表示“预见”（带有说话人的主观态度和看法）。

　　Will you be busy tonight?

　　You will feel better after taking this medicine. (2) “be going to + do”有两种意义， 一是表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事；二是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。

　　The wall is going to be painted soon.

　　George is putting on weight. He’s going to be quite fat.

　　Look at the dark clouds over there. It’s going to rain.

　　注：“will + v.” 和 “be going to + v.” 均可表示意图， “be going to + v.” 表示的意图是事先 经过考虑的，而 “will + v.” 所表示的意图则是说话时临时想到的。

　　e.g. A: You left the light on for the whole night .

　　B: Oh, did I? I will go and turn it off now.

　　e.g. A: Why are

　　you taking down all the pictures?

　　B: I’m going to repair the house. (3) “be + v.-ing” 某些瞬间动词特别是趋向动词用现在进行时刻表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，如：go, come, leave, begin, start, get, reach, arrive, return, meet, etc. We’re moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. She is spending her winter vacation in Australia this year. (4) “be to + 动词原形”有两种含义：一是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常可与“be+ v.-ing” 交换使用， “be to + 动词原形”较正式; 二是表示义务、应该（相当于should)。★ 可用于if 条件句表示打算、想要。 I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon. You’re to answer for what you’ve done. Tell her she’s not to be back late. ★ If you are to succeed, you’d better work hard. (5)既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 The plane takes off at 5:30 a.m. The new school year begins on September 1. (6) “be about to+ 动词原形”表示正要、马上做某事，这种结构的将来时不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 Take your seat. The meeting is about to begin. I was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door.

　　★ “will+动词原形” 有时还可以表示一种倾向性或惯性的动作。 Oil will float on water. Whenever he has time, he will come and see us.

　　8、 过去完成时(不能单独使用，常与一般过去时连用） (1)过去的过去 He told me that he had made great progress since he came here. Tom returned

　　by plane, but his mother had already died. (2)判断

　　by

　　when

　　从句 The concert had been on for twenty minutes by the time we got there. When they arrived at the party, most of the guests had already left. (3) hardly…when

　　no sooner…than (4) 动词expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, think, want, wish 等动词用过去完成时表示过去本来打算、希望、计划作而未做的事。 I had intended to attend the party, but was stopped by the heavy rain. 9、将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻之前已完成的动作。 By the end of next month we will have learnt 1000 words. 10、 将来进行时：将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。 What will you be doing (at eight) next week? I won’t be free Friday morning. I’ll be seeing a friend off. You can have my typewriter. I won’t be using it.

　　11、时态的一致 (1)宾语从句

　　主过从过 (2)定语从句

　　不受限制 Do you know the man who delivered the lecture just now? (3)过去一系列动作

　　过去时 He came up to the door of the house, stood for a while and then entered it.