2017届高考英语牛津译林版必修2总复习课件《Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained》2-1-6情态动词和虚拟语气（江苏专用）

　　【例40】 —I'll tell Mary about the result of her final examination. —You ________ her yesterday. A．ought to tell

　　B．may tell C．would have told

　　D．ought to have told 答案　D 2．could have done表示过去本能够做而实际上未做，含有责备或遗憾之意。 【例41】 —You ________ your teacher for help.He is kind－hearted. —Yes.A whole day was wasted. A．can

　　B．must have asked C．could have asked

　　D．shouldn't have asked 答案　C 3．might have done表示过去本可以做而实际上未做，含有责备或遗憾之意。 【例42】 He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy. A．might have given

　　B．might give C．may have given

　　D．may give 答案　A 4．needn't have done表示过去本没有必要做，但实际上做了，含有遗憾之意。 【例43】 Mark ________ have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.

　　(2010·天津) A．needn't

　　B．wouldn't

　　C．mustn't

　　D．couldn't

　　答案　A 【例44】 She was too nervous to reply, but fortunately she ________ anything. A．didn't need to say

　　B．needn't have said C．needn't say

　　D．doesn't need to say 答案　A 二、虚拟语气 (一)虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 1．若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“would (should，could，might)＋动词原形”。 【例45】 If places ________ alike, there ________ little need for geographers. A．are；should be

　　B．are；will be C．were；be

　　D．were；would be 答案　D 2．若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would (should，could，might)＋have＋过去分词”。 【例46】 If he ________， he ________ that food.Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately. A．was warned；would not take B．had been warned；would not have taken C．would be warned；had not taken D．would have been warned；had not taken 答案　B 3．若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)或should＋动词原形或were to＋动词原形，主句谓语用“would (should，could，might)＋动词原形”。 【例47】 What would happen if the earth ________ stop turning? A．will

　　B．would

　　C．could

　　D．were to 答案　D 【例48】 —I think it ________ much better if he ________ a job soon. —Yes, I agree with you. A．would be；got

　　B．is；will get C．would have been；had got

　　D．will be；got 答案　A 注：当条件从句使用“should＋动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句也可用陈述语气或祈使句。 【例49】 Let me know if you ________ some more news. A．heard

　　B．would hear C．should hear

　　D．were to hear 答案　C 【例50】 If you ________ interested, I ________ you the whole story. A．should be；will tell

　　B．were to；will tell C．were；will tell

　　D．are；would tell 答案　A (二)错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。 【例51】 We should be having a terrible time tomorrow if we ________ everything ready by now. A．haven't got

　　B．hadn't got C．didn't

　　D．don't get 答案　B 【例52】 If he ________ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A．lies

　　B．lay C．had lain

　　D．should lie 答案　C (三)含蓄虚拟条件句 假设情况不用if从句来表示，而是用without，but for，otherwise，or，but等表示一种含蓄条件。表示与现在或将来相反，用“would (should，could，might)＋动词原形”；表示与过去相反用“would (should，could，might)＋have＋过去分词”。 【例53】 Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ________ for us to live. A．would be freezing cold B．will be freezing coldly

　　C．would be frozen cold D．can freeze coldly 答案　A 【例54】 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball.Otherwise he ________ a goal. A．had scored

　　B．scored C．would score

　　D．would have scored 答案　D 【例55】 But for the storm, we ________ earlier. A．will arrive

　　B．should have arrived C．arrive

　　D．arrived 答案　B (四)虚拟语气的省略与倒装 有时可将连词if省略，而将从句中的were，should，had提到主语之前。 【例56】 What would have happened, ________， as far as the riverbank? A．Bob had walked farther B．if Bob should walk farther C．had Bob walked farther D．if Bob walked farther 答案　C 【例57】 ________ you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A．Would

　　B．Should

　　C．Were

　　D．Will 答案　B 【例58】 ________ taken good care of, he would not have recovered so quickly. A．Has he been not

　　B．Had he not been C．Has not he been

　　D．Had he been not 答案　B (五)使用虚拟语气的几种从句 1．wish后的宾语从句和if only后的句子：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或“would (could)＋have＋过去分词”；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，常用“would (could)＋动词原形”。 【例59】 How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden!

　　A．has

　　B．had C．will have

　　D．has had 答案　B 【例60】 I wish I ________ you yesterday. A．seen

　　B．saw C．had seen

　　D．were to see 答案　C 【例61】 If only he ________ what I tell him, but he won't. A．had done

　　B．would have done C．would do

　　D．has done 答案　C 2．as if / as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could)＋动词原形”。 【例62】 It seems as if the sun ________ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west. A．circles

　　B．is circling C．were circling

　　D．has been circling 答案　C 注：若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。 【例63】 The last bus has left.It seems as if we ________ to walk home. A．shall have

　　B．had C．would have

　　D．had had 答案　A 3．It's (high / about)time后的定语从句：从句谓语通常用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”(should不可省)。 【例64】 —I still haven't thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. —It's time you ________it. A．do

　　B．did

　　C．had

　　D．would 答案　B 4．would rather后的宾语从句：通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。 【例65】 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.(2010·江苏) A．focus

　　B．focused C．would focus

　　D．had focused 答案　B 5．一个“坚持”(insist)、两个“命令”(order，command)、三个“建议”(advise，suggest，propose)、四个“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)后的宾语从句：一般用”should＋动词原形”(should可省)。 【例66】 The judge ordered that the thief ________ punished. A．would be

　　B．should be C．was to be

　　D．must be 答案　B 【例67】 He ________ that he could finish the job without any help. A．claimed

　　B．required C．demanded

　　D．asked 答案　A 注：动词insist，suggest后的宾语从句除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，区别是：若从句内容尚未成为事实，用虚拟语气；从句内容已经成为事实，用陈述语气

　　【例68】 The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________ free. A．did；set

　　B．had done；should be set C．do；be set

　　D．does；would be set 答案　B 【例69】 Jane's pale face suggested that she ________ ill and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination. A．be；should have

　　B．was；have C．should be；had

　　D．was；has 答案　B 6．It's＋suggested，ordered，required，demanded等表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词的过去分词＋that主语从句：常用“should＋动词原形”(should可省)。 【例70】 It is requested that visitors ________ the exhibits. A．do not touch

　　B．not touch C．did not touch

　　D．will not touch 答案　B 7．“要求、建议、命令”等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句：从句中的动词用“should＋动词原形”(should可省)。 【例71】 The suggestion that he ________ at the meeting was that their working conditions ________. A．should make；would be improved B．made；be improved

　　C．made；were improved D．make；should be improved 答案　B 【例72】 He gave orders that everyone ________ in their weapons. A．turns

　　B．will turn C．would turn

　　D．should turn

　　答案　D 8．It's＋important/necessary / impossible＋that主语从句：常用“should＋动词原形”(should可省)。 【例73】 It's possible that he ________ us some money, but it's impossible that he ________ us so much. A．will lend；will lend

　　B．will lend；should lend

　　C．should lend；will lend

　　D．should lend；should lend 答案　B 【例74】 —Don't you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York? —I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. A．will not be sent；that

　　B．not be sent；that

　　C．should not be sent；what

　　D．should not send；what 答案　B 第六章　情态动词和虚拟语气

　　△情态动词和虚拟语气讲解△ 一、情态动词 (一)情态动词的基本用法 1．can / could (1)表“能力”。 【例1】 Just be patient.You ________ expect the world to change so soon.

　　(2010·全国Ⅰ) A．can't

　　B．needn't C．may not

　　D．whether 答案　A 【例2】 We ________ eat in a restaurant because none of us had any money on us. A．can't

　　B．couldn't C．may not

　　D．might not 答案　B (2)表“许可”。回答could的提问常用can，一般不用could。 【例3】 —Could I use your bike? —Yes, surely you ________. A．might

　　B．will

　　C．can

　　D．could 答案　C (3)could一般只表过去的能力；若表示过去的能力得到了实施，一般用was / were able to，不用could。 【例4】 The fire spread throughout the hotel very quickly but everyone ________ get out. A．had to

　　B．would C．could

　　D．was able to 答案　D 2．may / might (1)表“许可” (＝can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustn't或can't。回答might的提问常用may，一般不用might。 【例5】 —________ I take the book out?

　　—I'm afraid not.

　　(2010·四川) A．Will

　　B．May

　　C．Must

　　D．Need 答案　B 【例6】 —Might I use your pen? —Yes, of course you ________. A．may

　　B．must

　　C．could

　　D．might 答案　A 【例7】 —May I watch TV now?

　　—No, you ________. A．can

　　B．mustn't

　　C．couldn't

　　D．mightn't 答案　B (2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主谓要倒装。 【例8】 Good luck to you, and ________ all your wishes come true! A．can

　　B．may

　　C．must

　　D．might 答案　B 3．must / have to (1)表“必须”。must强调主观看法；have to强调客观需要。 【例9】 ①This is a bad party—We really ________ go. ②This is a lovely party, but we ________ go because of our baby. A．must

　　B．may

　　C．can

　　D．have to 答案　①A　②D (2)mustn't意为“禁止、不准”；haven't to意为“不必”(＝needn't)。 【例10】 You ________ practice the drums while the baby is sleeping. A．haven't to

　　B．mightn't C．mustn't

　　D．won't 答案　C (3)must表“偏要、硬要”。 【例11】 Why ________ you always interrupt me? A．can

　　B．will

　　C．may

　　D．must 答案　C 【例12】 —May I smoke here? —If you ________， choose a seat in the smoking section. A．should

　　B．could

　　C．may

　　D．must 答案　D (4)以must开头的一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，常用needn't或haven't to，一般不用mustn't。 【例13】 —Must I come at four o'clock? —Oh，no.You ________ come at four. A．won't

　　B．needn't

　　C．can't

　　D．mustn't 答案　B 4．ought to / should (1)意为“应该”，表义务或责任，ought to的语气比should稍重。 【例14】 It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack ________ be here at any moment. A．must

　　B．need

　　C．should

　　D．can 答案　C (2)should表“竟然、万一”。 【例15】 You can't imagine that a well­behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to a lady. A．might

　　B．need

　　C．should

　　D．would 答案　C 【例16】 If you ________ have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number. A．ought to

　　B．should C．will

　　D．would 答案　B 5．need (1)意为“需要”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形，无人称、数、时态的变化，一般只用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。 【例17】 —I don't mind telling you what I know. —You ________.I'm not asking you for it. A．mustn't

　　B．may not C．can't

　　D．needn't 答案　D 【例18】 I don't think he ________ a new computer. A．need to buy

　　B．needs buy C．need buy

　　D．need 答案　C (2)以need开头的一般疑问句，若要作肯定回答，常用must，一般不用need。 【例19】 —Need I come? —Yes, you ________. A．need

　　B．must

　　C．needn't

　　D．mustn't 答案　B 6．dare 意为“敢”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形，有过去式(dared)，无人称、数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。 【例20】 I wonder how he ________ that to the teacher. A．dare to say

　　B．dare saying C．not dare say

　　D．dared say 答案　D 【例21】 She ________ tell the boss because she doesn't want to make trouble. A．doesn't dare to

　　B．not dare C．daren't to

　　D．dares not to 答案　A 7．shall (1)用于疑问句中征求意见，主语是第一、三人称。 【例22】 Let's go shopping, ________ we? A．don't

　　B．will

　　C．shall

　　D．mustn't 答案　C 【例23】 Professor Smith, many students want to see you.________ they wait here or outside? A．Do

　　B．Will

　　C．Shall

　　D．Would 答案　C (2)用于陈述句中表示说话人的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令等，主语多为第二、三人称。 【例24】 —I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. —Don't worry.You ________ have it by Friday.(2010·江苏) A．could

　　B．shall

　　C．must

　　D．may 答案　B 【例25】 —Mike is absent from class. —Tell him he ________ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that. A．shall

　　B．will

　　C．would

　　D．can 答案　A 8．will / would (1)用于征求意见，主语是第二人称。 【例26】 —________ you be here when we get back? —Surely. A．Shall

　　B．Will

　　C．Do

　　D．Mustn't 答案　B (2)表“意志、意愿”，用于各种人称。主语若为无生命的东西，won't不表意愿，而是“就是不……”之意。 【例27】 I pushed the second­hand car in the mud with my full strength, but it ________ move. A．won't

　　B．wouldn't

　　C．mightn't

　　D．couldn't 答案　B (3)表“习惯”，will指现在的习惯，would指过去的习惯。 【例28】 When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A．would

　　B．should C．had better

　　D．might 答案　A (二)情态动词表推测的用法 推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行时；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成时。 1．must只用于肯定句中，意为“一定”。

　　【例29】 —Good morning.I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning.You ________ be Mrs.Peter. (2010·北京) A．might

　　B．must

　　C．would

　　D．can 答案　B 【例30】 I didn't hear the phone.I ________ asleep. A．must be

　　B．must have been C．should be

　　D．should have 答案　B 【例31】 —Do you know what Tom is doing at the crossroads? —He ________ for his girlfriend. A．should wait

　　B．must be waiting C．can have waited

　　D．might waiting 答案　B 2．can / could多用于否定句或疑问句中，二者一般没有时间上的差异，只是could的语气更客气委婉。can't/couldn't意为“不可能”。 【例32】 I'm afraid Mr.Harding ________ see you now.He's busy.

　　(2010·全国Ⅱ) A．can't

　　B．mustn't C．shouldn't

　　D．needn't 答案　A 【例33】 —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. —It ________ a comfortable journey. A．can't be

　　B．shouldn't be C．mustn't have been

　　D．couldn't have been 答案　D 【例34】 The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ________ be very slow. A．should

　　B．must

　　C．will

　　D．can 答案　D 3．may / might用于肯定句或否定句中，might不是may的过去式，只是might的可能性比may小。may not / mightn't意为“可能不”。 【例35】 Peter ________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A．must

　　B．may

　　C．can

　　D．will 答案　B 【例36】 —Is John coming by train? —He should, but he ________ not.He likes driving his car. A．must

　　B．might

　　C．can

　　D．need 答案　B 【例37】 —I can't understand why our boss is late. —He ________ the early bus. A．could miss

　　B．may have missed C．can have missed

　　D．might miss 答案　B 4．ought to / should意为“按理应该”。 【例38】 —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They ________ be ready by 12∶00. A．can

　　B．should

　　C．might

　　D．need 答案　B (三)“情态动词＋have done”的虚拟用法 1．ought to / should have done表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，含有责备的口气。 【例39】 I ________ have watched that movie —it'll give me horrible dreams.(2010·山东) A．shouldn't

　　B．needn't

　　C．couldn't

　　D．mustn't 答案　A