2017年普通高考英语科语法知识网络
专题04
形容词和副词
I. 形容词
1.形容词的位置:形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况下后置
1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible
2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible
3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake
4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with
7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置,但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a
lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)
A.Brave enough students
B.Enough breave students
C.Students brave enough
D.Students enough brave
注意:多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。
规则:限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish
B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little
D. little pretty Spanish
2.复合形容词的构成
1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous
2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving
3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered
4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged
5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year
3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候,山羊翻了个身,死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难,他们宁愿走好走的路。
II.副词的分类:
1 时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never
2 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why
3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
4 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
项
目 例
句
同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother.
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 (+ than)”
的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 This picture is more beautiful than that one.
I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).
表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one.
表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make
用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。
(意为:我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。)
倍数的表达 表达法一:A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。
表达法二:A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
表达法三:A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
注意:1. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect,superior,junior等。
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