2017年普通高考英语科语法知识网络
专题04
形容词和副词
I. 形容词
1.形容词的位置:形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况下后置
1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible
2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible
3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake
4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with
7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置,但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a
lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)
A.Brave enough students
B.Enough breave students
C.Students brave enough
D.Students enough brave
注意:多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。
规则:限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish
B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little
D. little pretty Spanish
2.复合形容词的构成
1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous
2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving
3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered
4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged
5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year
3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候,山羊翻了个身,死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难,他们宁愿走好走的路。
II.副词的分类:
1 时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never
2 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why
3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
4 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
项
目 例
句
同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother.
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 (+ than)”
的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 This picture is more beautiful than that one.
I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).
表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one.
表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make
用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。
(意为:我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。)
倍数的表达 表达法一:A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。
表达法二:A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
表达法三:A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
注意:1. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect,superior,junior等。
Herculean proportions?
At the water’s edge?
Right side of history?
Donald Trump is “a…birther and bully”
Gold dust
Bell cow?
Benefit of the doubt
Political mumbo-jumbo
Cheat sheet?
On a wing and a prayer
In the nosebleeds
Close, but no cigar?
Children are not cookie cutters
Peer review
Beg to differ?
Tip of the iceberg?
Golden rule?
Swan song?
Blind faith
Come out?
Pole position?
Going back to the drawing board?
King’s ransom?
伪造的屠呦呦“致辞”为何这么火?
Selling out?
Charm offensive?
从翻译角度看中美高校校训[1]
Stopped in her tracks?
Riding the pine?
Head and shoulders?
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