江苏省南京师范大学附属实验学校2017届高三英语语法专题复习讲义6

　　1. My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.（2007 上海卷

　　A. drill B. action C. regulation

　　D. routine

　　2. I can’t say which wine is beat—it’s a (n) __________ of personal taste.（2007 山东卷A．affair B．event C．matter D．variety

　　3The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ______in many parts of the city. （2007 安徽卷

　　A. look

　　B. sign

　　C. sight

　　D. appearance

　　4. —You are always full of

　　. Can you tell me the secret? （2007 福建卷—Taking plenty of exercise every day.

　　A. power

　　B. strength

　　C. force

　　D. energy

　　5. Despite such a big difference in

　　towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west

　　regard the Chinese food as something special.（2007 湖北卷A. point

　　B. idea

　　C. attitude

　　D. sight

　　6. AIDS control and prevention is a

　　to China as well as the whole world．2007 上海 A．surprise B．challenge C．reaction

　　D．threat

　　He and his wife are of the same

　　;they both want their son to go to college. （2007 陕西卷A. soul

　　B. spirit

　　C. heart

　　D. mind

　　8. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________（2007 天津卷A. bills

　　B. expenses

　　C. prices

　　D. charges

　　9. Of the seven days in the a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ____ for a wedding in some countries.（2007 浙江卷

　　A. way

　　B. situation

　　C. event

　　D. choice

　　10. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _____ of exercise.（2007 辽宁卷A. limit

　　B. lack

　　C. need

　　D. demand

　　Part 2 Grammar: 定语从句（）

　　Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ____he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.

　　（05重庆）

　　A. during which time

　　B. for which time

　　C. during whose time

　　D. by that time

　　Luckily, we'd brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.

　　(04北京春招)

　　A. it

　　B. that

　　C. this

　　D. which

　　A fast food restaurant is the place ____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. (04上海春招)

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. there

　　D. what

　　The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. (04广西)

　　A. of which

　　B. during which

　　C. from which

　　D. for which

　　The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% ＿＿ are sold abroad . (04辽宁)

　　A．of which

　　B．which of

　　C．of them

　　D．of that

　　I Analysis

　　I). 只能用“that” 的情况

　　先行词为anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代词时

　　注：有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句= what+名词性从句（如宾语从句）

　　We’ll do all (that) we can to help you

　　（= what we can）

　　The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.（=the way that we were used to）

　　先行词前有序数词,最高级,all /any / the very / the right / the only修饰时

　　先行词既有人又有物时 We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew.

　　4．引导词在从句中作表语时

　　My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在从句中做表语)

　　5．避免重复时

　　Who is the person that you want to see.

　　II). 不能用that 的情况

　　介词之后

　　The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.

　　非限制性定语从句中，“，”之后

　　Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

　　III). whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代his, her, their, its及名词所有格(如：Tom’s/the school’s)

　　The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover)

　　IV). 先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时，用where, when, why还是用that/which

　　若从句中被替代部分：作主语或宾语，用that/which;

　　作状语, 用where/when/why (往往 =“介词+which”)

　　1．My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which)

　　2．The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(从句中作主语)

　　3．I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood)

　　4．Next winter,__which you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的宾语)

　　5．Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15,

　　which happened to be her son’s birthday.（作主语）

　　6．This is the very reason __that_ you all know. (作know的宾语)

　　V).

　　as引导的定语从句， which指代一句话/一件事

　　1． the same/as/such/so…as(定语从句): 先行词前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修饰时，定语从句用 “as”引导

　　比较：such /so…+名词＋as ( 定语从句, as起替代作用，从句结构不完整 “象／如…的…”)

　　such /so…+名词＋that (状语从句，从句结构完整 “如此…以致于…”)

　　Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day.

　　Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respect

　　Mr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him

　　2．as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前后的整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。常出现在一些固定表达中。如：as we/all/you know, as is known to all, as we expected/planned, , as is mentioned/said above, as is

　　reported/said, as is natural, as is often the case.有时可看作插入语。

　　as…:

　　位置灵活，可前可后；且含有“正如/正像…”的含义。

　　which…: 只能放于主句之后；含有“这…, 这一点…”的含义。

　　1) Tom, ___as__ had been expected , got beaten in the game

　　2) They call him “Meat Ball”, ____which______ I think is not correct.

　　VI)． the way ( in which/ that)…:

　　the way作先行词时, 可用“in which” 或 “that”, 且一般可省略。

　　如:

　　The way in which/(that) they were treated hurt their feelings.

　　VII)．定语从句的主谓一致

　　引导词在从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词应与先行词，即所修饰的名词或代词一致

　　Those who break the law are to be punished.

　　But there are few modern families that _have no televisions.

　　比较：He is one of the students who __were_ late for school.

　　He is the only one of the students who __was___late for school.

　　VIII)、非限制性定语从句与并列句及其它修饰语的异同

　　若两个分句没有其它任何连接词，而由“，”相连接时，一般把后一个分句看作非限制性定语从句

　　(1)

　　There is a supermarket near here, _where_ we can buy vegetables, fruit.(定语从句)

　　There are two thousand students in our school, two-thirds of _whom_ are girls.

　　There are ten books on the shelf, of which all are of great value.

　　(2)

　　After an hour we got to the top of the mountain, and_ there

　　we had a picnic.(并列句)

　　He asked ten students to attend the party , but none of _them_ was from his class.

　　(3)

　　The bridge, made of stones (=which was made of stones), is said to date back to the Tang Dynasty.

　　The weight-loss pills containing harmful chemicals(=which contain…._) may damage your liver.

　　IX)、注意定语从句与强调句型及其它从句的混用

　　1. It was in the hotel where they stayed(定语从句，修饰hotel) that the murder(谋杀) happened 2 years ago.

　　It was in the hotel… that the murder happened 2 years ago. (强调句型)

　　2. He left the key where he had been an hour before. (地点状语从句，相当于in the place where)

　　This hotel is where we are to stay tonight.(表语从句，相当于the place where…)

　　X)．间隔式定语从句: 一般说来，定语从句总是紧跟在先行词之后。但有时定语从句和先行项之间被其它修饰成分间隔开来，这种定语从句称为间隔式定语从句

　　1. The photo brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Alien’s in Belleville ___ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.

　　A. when

　　B. where

　　C. since

　　D. after

　　2．First, areas of land must be found where this rubbish can be put.

　　3．Finally another material is painted on to the stones which will protect them from water for ever.II Practice

　　1. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet

　　life has developed gradually. （10福建）

　　A. that B. where C. which D. whose

　　2. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school

　　I met in the English speech contest last year. （10湖南）

　　A. who

　　B. where

　　C. when

　　D. which

　　3 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _____she would stay for an hour. （10江西）

　　A where

　　B who

　　C which

　　D what

　　4. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. （10山东）

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. whose

　　D. What

　　5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy

　　we may return in the near future. （10山东）

　　A. on which

　　B. by which

　　C. to which

　　D. from which

　　6.----- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? （10天津）

　　------You should try the barber’s

　　I go. It’s only 15.

　　A. as

　　B. which

　　C. where

　　D. that

　　7．After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，

　　turned out to be a wise decision．

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．when

　　D．where. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. （10全国Ⅰ）

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　9. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. （10江苏）

　　A. that

　　B. it

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　10. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

　　（陕西）A. where

　　B. which

　　C. its

　　D. Whose

　　11. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. （10全国Ⅱ）

　　A. who

　　B. that

　　C. as

　　D. what

　　12. Children who are not active or

　　diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. （北京）

　　A. what

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. （重庆）A. where B. which C. whose D. that

　　14．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of

　　left their village homes for a better life in the city. （10浙江）

　　A．whom

　　B．which

　　C．them

　　D．those

　　15.We saw several natives advancing

　　towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _____we gave some bells and glasses. (湖南卷)

　　A. to which

　　B. to whom

　　C. with whom

　　D. with which

　　16.Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t.

　　（北京卷）

　　A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who

　　D. 不填表; 不填

　　Look out ! Don' t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.

　　(福建卷)

　　A. whose

　　B. which

　　C. of which

　　D. that

　　The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

　　(江苏卷)

　　A. who

　　B. that

　　C. as

　　D. which

　　--- Do you have anything to say for yourselves?--- Yes，there’s one point ____we must insist on．

　　(江西卷)

　　A．why

　　B．where

　　C．how

　　D．/

　　I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most ____were from Germany.

　　(辽宁卷)

　　A. study; of whom

　　B. study; of them

　　C. studying; of them

　　D. studying; of whom

　　Part 3 综合能力训练

　　Waste to Energy—JUST BURN IT!

　　WHY BURN WASTE?

　　Waste-to-energy plants generate (产生) enough electricity to supply 2.4 million households in the US. But, providing electricity is not the major advantage of waste-to-energy plants. In fact, it costs more to generate electricity at a waste-to-energy plant than it does at a coal, nuclear, or hydropower plant.

　　The major advantage of burning waste is that it considerably reduces the amount of trash going to landfills. The average American produces more than 1,600 pounds of waste a year. If all this waste were landfilled, it would take more than two cubic yards of landfill space. That’s the volume of a box three feet long, three feet wide, and six feet high. If that waste were burned, the ashes would fit into a box three feet long, three feet wide, but only nine inches high!

　　Some communities in the Northeast may be running out of land for new landfills. And, since most people don’t want landfills in their backyards, it has become more difficult to obtain permits to build new landfills. Taking the country as a whole, the United States has plenty of open space, of course, but it is expensive to transport garbage a long distance to put it into a landfill.

　　TO BURN OR NOT TO BURN?

　　Some people are concerned that burning garbage may harm the environment. Like coal plants, waste-to-energy plants produce air pollution when the fuel is burned to produce steam or electricity. Burning garbage releases the chemicals and substances found in the waste. Some chemicals can be a threat to people, the environment, or both, if they are not properly controlled.

　　Some critics of waste-to-energy plants are afraid that burning waste will hamper (妨碍，阻碍) recycling programs. If everyone sends their trash to a waste-to-energy plant, they say, there will be little motive to recycle. Several states have considered or are considering banning waste-to-energy plants unless recycling programs are in place. Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York City have delayed new waste-to-energy plants, hoping to increase the level of recycling first.

　　So, what’s the real story? Can recycling and burning waste coexist? At first glance, recycling and waste-to-energy seem to be at odds (不一致), but they can actually complement (弥补) each other. That’s because it makes good sense to recycle some materials, and better sense to burn others.

　　Let’s look at aluminum, for example. Aluminum mineral is so expensive to mine that recycling aluminum more than pays for itself. Burning it produces no energy. So clearly, aluminum is valuable to recycle and not useful to burn.

　　Paper, on the other hand, can either be burned or recycled—it all depends on the price the used paper will bring.

　　Plastics are another matter. Because plastics are made from petroleum and natural gas, they are excellent sources of energy for waste-to-energy plants. This is especially true since plastics are not as easy to recycle as steel, aluminum, or paper. Plastics almost always have to be hand sorted and making a product from recycled plastics may cost more than making it from new materials.

　　To burn or not to burn is not really the question. We should use both recycling and waste-to-energy as alternatives to landfilling.

　　Waste to Energy—JUST BURN IT!

　　WHY BURN WASTE? Advantages of waste to Energy ◆Though at a high (71) _______, waste-to-energy plants can produce enough electricity for 2.4 million US

　　households.

　　◆Burning waste can (72) _______ a considerable amount of trash going to landfills.

　　(73)_______ for landfilling

　　◆Some communities (74) _______ land for new landfills.

　　◆Most people refuse to build landfills around.

　　◆Building landfills in far-away areas will increase the cost of (75) _______ garbage.

　　TO BURN

　　OR NOT

　　TO BURN? (76) __________ about burning garbage ◆Burning garbage releases chemicals, which, if not

　　properly controlled, can be (77) _______ to people and the environment.

　　◆Burning garbage will hamper recycling programs.

　　Coexistence of recycling and burning waste Recycling and waste-to-energy can go well with each other in that some materials like aluminum are fit to recycle, while others like plastics are fit to (78) _______.

　　(79)__________

　　Whether to burn or not to burn, we should (80) _______ landfilling with both recycling and waste-to-energy to deal with garbage.

　　参考答案

　　Part 1 Phrase:

　　DCCDC BDBDB

　　Part 2

　　ADBAA

　　Grammar

　　1答案：B考点：定语从句解析：先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。

　　2. 答案：A考点：考查定语从句。解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。

　　3答案：A考点：考察定语从句解析：先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。4. 答案：C考点：本题考查定语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。

　　5.答案：C。考点：此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句 解析：考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthat we may return to in the near future.

　　6答案：C. 考点：考查定语从句。句意：—你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。解析：句中the barber’s 是先行词，从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系代词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。

　　7.考点：考查定语从句。。解析：此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”

　　8答案：A句意：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。解答：根据选项此题考察从句，空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，此题考察非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定于从句中做主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限定性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。

　　选D定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙

　　答案：解析：. 答案：B考点: 本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选Bwhose谁的符合题意。

　　. 答案C考点：考查定语从句。解析：BCADD D

　　21-35 CDBAD

　　CACAC

　　ADABC

　　Part3

　　任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　71. cost

　　72. reduce / prevent / stop

　　73. Difficulties

　　74. lack

　　75. transporting

　　76. Concerns / Worries

　　77. harmful / dangerous

　　78. burn 79. Conclusion

　　80. replace