湖南高考英语复习课件牛津译林版模块必修5《Unit 3 Science versus nature》科学与自然

　　11.At present the US military officials are trying to________exactly how many troops are needed in Iraq between 2007 and 2009.

　　A．point out

　　B．figure out

　　C．turn out

　　D．try out 【解析】　句意为：目前美国的军事官员正在计算在2007到2009年期间伊拉克到底需要多少部队。figure out 解释为“算出、理解、明白”。 【答案】　B

　　resistant

　　adj.抵抗的、有抵抗力的

　　be resistant to 对…… 有抵抗力 The rat is resistant to poison.那只老鼠对毒药有抵抗力

　　resist vt.抵抗；(用于否定句)禁不住要

　　resist doing sth. I couldn’t resist laughing.我禁不住要笑。 resistance n．抵抗力，阻力，电阻(器)

　　12.More and more scientists are afraid that the genes that make crops________ pests and disease could be harmful to humans. A．to resist

　　B．resistant to C．go against

　　D．to go against 【解析】　句意为：越来越多的科学家担心让庄稼对害虫和疾病有抵抗力的基因会对人类有害。这里考查到以下内容：make...do sth；be resistant to对…… 有抵抗力；go against解释为“反对”。 【答案】　B

　　majority n．多数人，大部分人(多和the连用) The majority were on Ben’s side.大多数在Ben一边。 The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health. 大多数医生相信抽烟有害健康。

　　the majority of 大多数……

　　a minority of 少数…… in the majority 占多数

　　in the/a minority 占少数 13．It is reported that________the young，with their parents working in distant cities，suffer from a sense of loneliness. A．a majority of

　　B．the majority of

　　C．the number of

　　D．a large amount of 【解析】　句意为：据报道大多数父母在遥远城市工作的年轻人，忍受着孤独感。B解释为“大多数”。 【答案】　B

　　end up

　　vi.& vt.最后……、结束……

　　The story ended up.故事结束了。 He ended up the speech.他结束了那个发言。

　　(1) end up (as)．..最后成为……

　　end up (as) chairman of the company

　　(2) end up in...最后落得……(的下场)、结果……；

　　end up (as) prison/hospital/failure；最后(到达某处)end up in China

　　(3) end up (sth.) with sth.以……结束……end up ( the class) with a song

　　(4) end up doing

　　以……结束……

　　end up crying

　　come to an end……结束 put an end to sth.＝bring sth.to an end

　　结束…… make ends meet 使收支相抵

　　14.Jim entered________the competition without much hope，not thinking he would________1st prize.

　　A．in；end up with

　　B．for；end up with

　　C．in；end up with

　　D．into；end up to 【解析】　句意为：Jim没抱很大的希望报名参加那个比赛，没想到他结果获得一等奖。这里考查两个词组：enter for...报名；end up (sth.) with sth.以……结束。 【答案】　B

　　15．If he continues like this，he will________a stone only to have it dropped on his own foot，just as the old saying goes. A．end up to lift

　　B．end up lifting

　　C．end up in lifting

　　D．end up with lifting 【解析】　句意为：如果他继续那样的话，正如古老的谚语所说，他会以搬起石头砸自己的脚。end up doing以……结束。 【答案】　B

　　deliver vt.投递(信件，报刊等)；传(话等)；交付；移交；发表(意见，见解等)；(给产妇)接生，使分娩，助产 deliver sth.to sb.把某物交付给某人 deliver a message带信，传话 deliver a speech作演讲 deliver the mail投递邮件 Which doctor delivered the baby? 哪个医生接生了那个小孩啊？ She was delivered of a child. 她生下一个小孩。 delivery n. an easy/difficult delivery顺[难]产 a clear delivery口齿清楚 immediate delivery立即交货

　　16.He also learned to________messages________the 8th Route Army. A．deliver；to

　　B．delivering；to C．deliver；from

　　D．delivers；to 【解析】　句意为：他也学会了给第八军队传送信息。deliver指递送，传送，其用法是：deliver sb.to...。 【答案】　A

　　While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. 尽管克隆人类胚胎目前在很多国家属于非法，有些科学家已经开始加紧研究，以便降生一个克隆的人类婴儿。 a cloned human baby中cloned是过去分词作定语。 (1)过去分词可用于名词前，用来修饰该名词。此时可被改为定语从句。 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们进行了一次有组织的旅行。

　　(2)大部分的过去分词表示被动含义，但也有的过去分词表示动作已完成，如escaped，retired和fallen等。比较以下短语： the highly praised scientist被高度表扬的科学家 the retired scientist已退休的科学家 (3)过去分词也可用于名词后作定语。 I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting.我认为在你文章中提及的科学进步是很有趣的。 17.Most of the photographers________to the conference were from north Europe. A．invited

　　B．to invite C．being invited

　　D．having invited 【解析】　句意为：大部分被邀请大会议上的摄影家都来自欧洲。摄影家是被邀请，过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。 【答案】　A 18．An________crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A．excited

　　B．exciting C．excite

　　D．excitedly 【解析】　句意为：一群激动的人正在等待电影明星的到来。crowd前面有个定语，人是感到兴奋，所以选A。 【答案】　A 19．The ground is________with the________leaves. A．covering；falling

　　B．covered；falling C．covered；fallen

　　D．covering；fallen 【解析】　句意为：地面上被落叶覆盖着。be covered with 为固定搭配表示“由……覆盖着”；fallen leaves 表示“已经落到地上的叶子”；而falling leaves 则表示“正在落下的叶子”。 【答案】　C

　　20．The problem________at the meeting yesterday is serious to us. A．to be discussed

　　B．being discussed C．discussing

　　D．discussed 【解析】　句意为：昨天被讨论的问题对我们来说非常严肃。discussed 为过去分词做定语，与被修饰词problem 间存在被动关系。 【答案】　D

　　One the other hand，may people，including some scientists，disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with nature in this way，they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster. 另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的很多人则持不同意见，他们担心如果人类用这种方式干涉自然，那就可能离制造一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物不远了。 (1)interfere with干涉某人，干扰某人，影响 interfere in sth.干涉某事 Don’t interfere with him.He’s preparing for the final exams. 不要打扰他，他正为期末考试作准备。

　　Anxiety can interfere with children’s performance at school. 焦虑会影响孩子在学校的表现。 He likes to interfere in other people’s business. 他喜欢干涉别人的事。

　　21.Please don’t________other people’s affairs. A．interfere into

　　B．interfere in C．intervene with

　　D．intervene about 【解析】　句意为：请别干涉他人的事情。interfere in sth.表示“干涉某事”。 【答案】　B (2)on one’s/the way to doing sth.正在做某事的过程中；即将……(to 为介词) He is on the way to becoming a famous singer. 他即将成为一位著名的歌手。

　　on the way (to a place) 在(去某地的)路上 Help is on the way.援助正在到来。 I was on the way to California when you called me. 当你打电话给我时候我正在去加利福尼亚的路上。

　　22.Zhang Hong met me________home yesterday. A．on one’s way

　　B．in the way

　　C．on her way

　　D．on her way to

　　【解析】　句意为：张红在昨天回家的路上遇到了我。on one’s way to...表示“去某地的路上”，因为home为副词，因此前省略介词。 【答案】　C

　　However，some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life. 但也有人认为，怀着摧毁它们的意图来克隆人类胚胎，这是对人类生命的不尊重。 (1)with the intention of抱有……目的；打算…… He has decided to go abroad to study with the intention of improving his English and finding a better job when he returns. 他决定出国学习，打算回国后能找到一个更好的工作。

　　①without intention无意中，不是故意地 If I’ve hurt your feelings，it was quite without intention. 如果我伤害了你的感情，那不是故意的。 ②by intention故意 I didn’t do it by intention，can you forgive me? 我并不是故意的，你能原谅我吗？ (2)shows/have (no) respect for对……怀有(没有)敬意 The students have great respect for their history teacher. 这些学生非常尊敬他们的历史老师。

　　23.Obviously he had come to my place________. A．having the intention with talking to me

　　B．with the intention of talking to me

　　C．and intended of talking with me

　　D．intending of talking to me 【解析】　句意为：很显然他来到我那里是为了跟我说话。with the intention of 表示“带有……的意图”。 【答案】　B

　　24．He insisted on everyone________him. A．should show respect for B．showing respect for C．should show respect to D．showing respect to 【解析】　句意为：他坚持每个人都要尊重他。insist on 后接动名词，show respect for 表示“对……表示尊敬”。 【答案】　B

　　(2010届江苏省南京高三英语第一次调研测试题) 最近教育部就高中取消文理分科的可能性和可操作性，广泛征集意见。消息一传出，立即成为人们热议的话题。社会各界对此存在严重分歧。支持者认为，取消文理分科有利于学生全面发展。分科会导致部分文科学生缺乏科学精神，部分理科学生不关心社会问题。反对者认为，取消文理分科将加重学生学习负担。分科尊重学生个体差异，请你给China Daily写一篇文章，阐述分歧，并发表自己的观点(至少两点)。

　　注意：(1)可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯； (2)词数：150词左右。短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： 1．文理分科：separate students into science and arts 2．文科生：liberal art students 3．理科生：science students The Ministry of Education has been collecting opinions on the possibility and feasibility of ending the separation of science and arts in high schools. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

　　The Ministry of Education has been collecting opinions on the possibility and feasibility of ending the separation of science and arts in high schools.But opinions from different parties are totally opposite.

　　Most experts advocate the ending of the division of science and arts.They indicate that the separation of subjects strongly affects the overall quality of our people.It will result in some arts students’ lacking the spirit of exploring science as well as some science students’ not caring about important issues，such as society and human beings.To them，without the separation，students are more likely

　　to develop all around abilities.

　　However，many students and parents oppose this opinion，saying that canceling the separation of subjects means putting more pressure and burdens on students，while focusing on fewer courses enables students to excel in specific areas.Furthermore，each student has his or her strengths and weaknesses，which needs to be respected.

　　In my opinion，even though our society needs more experts rather than people who are “Jack of all trades but master of none”，separating subjects too early is not good for students’ future development.What’s more，it is unrealistic to talk about this issue if the present system of examination isn’ t reformed.Therefore，the Ministry of Education had better take a cautious attitude toward this problem.

　　Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 1．

　　n．& adj.正常(的)，常规(的) 2．

　　vt.& n.

　　表扬 3．

　　n.

　　突破 4．

　　n.

　　意图，目的；企图 5．

　　n.

　　忧虑，焦虑，不安 6．

　　adj.

　　不顾一切的，拼命的 7．

　　vt.

　　收养，领养 8．

　　adv.

　　往前，向前 9．

　　vt.

　　生产(婴儿)；接生 10．

　　vi.

　　成功 11．

　　vt.& n.

　　使……受益；利益，福利

　　normal praise breakthrough intention anxiety desperate adopt ahead deliver succeed benefit 12．

　　n.

　　进步，前进 13．

　　n.

　　职业 14．

　　vt.& vi.

　　认为，考虑；计算 15．

　　vi.

　　举止，行为表现 16．

　　adj.

　　谨慎的，小心的 17．

　　vt.

　　涉及 18．

　　vi.& vt.

　　总结，下结论；结束 19．

　　vt.

　　征求，寻求；探索 20．

　　vt.

　　实施，执行；表演 21．

　　adj.

　　抵抗的，有抵抗力的 22．

　　adv.

　　严重地；认真地 23．

　　vt.& vi.

　　争辩 24．

　　n.

　　十年

　　advance profession figure behave cautious

　　involve conclude seek perform resistant seriously argue decade 25．

　　n.

　　速度；比率 Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 1．

　　一方面

　　2．

　　指出 3．

　　一般说来，总体而言 4．

　　准备就绪，布置妥当 5.

　　想出，理解，明白，计算出 6．

　　结果是 7．

　　努力推进 8．

　　以……告终 9．

　　供出售，待销售 10．

　　几天前，那天 11．

　　赞同，支持 rate on

　　the

　　one

　　head

　　point

　　out

　　in

　　general

　　put...in

　　place

　　figure

　　out

　　turn

　　out

　　push

　　ahead

　　with

　　end

　　up

　　for

　　sale

　　the

　　other

　　day

　　in

　　favor

　　of

　　12．

　　观点 Ⅲ.课文原句突破 1．________ ________ ________ ________(一方面)，some scientists________ ________(指出) that if you clone an embryo，you can produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to save human lives. 【答案】　One the one hand；point out 2．The first mammal________ ________ ________(被克隆出来的) successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. 【答案】　to be cloned 3．However，in general the scientists________ _____ ________(得到了称赞) their wonderful scientific breakthrough. 【答案】　were praised for

　　point

　　of

　　view

　　4．I know________ ________ ________ ________ ________(保持苗条的压力) is a problem，especially for an actress. 【答案】　the pressure to stay slim 5．However，some people consider that cloning human embryos________ ________ ________ ________ ______(带着摧毁他们的目的) them shows no respect for human life. 【答案】　with the intention of destroying 6．If we________ ________(干涉) nature，we will have to deal with the consequences. 【答案】　interfere with 7．I am in________ ________ ________(完全同意) human cloning. 【答案】　complete agreement with

　　on (the) one hand一方面 on (the) one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面…… On the one hand I’d like a job which pays more，but on the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment. 一方面我喜欢更高工资的工作，另一方面我也很喜欢目前我从事的这项工作。 I don’t want to go traveling.On one hand，I have no time；on the other hand，I have no money.我不想去旅行。一方面是因为我没时间，另一方面是我也没钱。

　　1.(2006年浙江卷)I would like a job which pays more，but________I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment. A．in other wordsB．on the other hand C．for one thing

　　D．as a matter of fact 【解析】　句意为：我想得到一份薪水更高的工作，但从另一方面来说，对现在我做的这份工作我非常喜欢。on the other hand从另一方面来说……；for one thing常与for another连用，表示“一来……，二来……，常被用来列举一些理由；in other words换句话说；as a matter of fact实际上。 【答案】　B

　　point out指出 Please point out my errors.请指出我的错误。 I have to point out that you have made a serious mistake. 我必须指出你犯了一个严重的错误。

　　point to指向 point at指着 to the point 中肯

　　off the point不着边际 There’s no point/sense in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。

　　2.The most important________of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people. A．point

　　B．sense C．spot

　　D．view

　　【解析】　句意为：他的演讲中最重要的一点是：我们必须要全心全意地为人民服务。point作为名词的意思是点：小数点，标点，地点，要点，细目，尖端，分数，得分。这里的意思是：要点。 【答案】　A

　　breakthrough n．突破 The scientists have made a breakthrough in cancer research. 科学家们已在癌症研究方面取得重大突破。

　　(1)break through 突破 They found it difficult to break through the enemy line. 他们发现难以突破敌军防线。 (2)break down 毁掉，破除；坍塌，坏掉；失败，不成功 We must break down the old customs.我们必须破除旧风俗。 The car broke down on the way.车子在路上抛锚了。 His plan broke down at last.他的计划最终失败了。

　　(3)break in 破门而入；打断 The thief broke in and took away the TV set. 小偷破门而入偷走了电视机。 Don’t break in when we are talking. 我们谈话时别打断我们。 (4)break out 爆发；发生 The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于1861年。 A quarrel broke out between them. 他们之间发生了争吵。 (5)break up打碎，拆散；分裂，分解 They broke up the whole ship into parts. 他们将船拆开。 Please break up the word into syllables. 请把这单词分成音节。

　　3.The police found that the house________and a lot of things________. A．has broken into；has been stolen B．had broken into；had been stolen C．had been broken into；stolen

　　D．had been broken into；stole 【解析】　句意为：警察发现房子被破门而入并且许多东西都被偷了。发现是过去发现的，那么破门而入是在发现之前，而且是被破门而入，所以应该用had been broken into，排除A，B；第二个空主要是看前面find用法，find后面可加宾语加宾补，这里宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系是被动关系。所以要用done的形式。 【答案】　C

　　anxiety n．挂念，渴望，忧虑 He was waiting for his brother’s return with anxiety. 他正在焦虑地等待他哥哥回来。

　　(1)anxious adj.焦虑的，焦急的，渴望的 be anxious for/about sth.对……担心 He was anxious for her safety.他很担心她的安全。 be anxious to do sth.渴望做…… He is anxious to enter for the competition. 他很渴望参加比赛。 (2)anxiously adv.忧虑地，不安地 She is waiting for her son’s return anxiously. 她正在不安地等待儿子的回来。

　　4.(2005年浙江卷)My mother always gets a bit________if we don’t arrive when we say we will. A．anxious

　　B．ashamed C．weak

　　D．patient 【解析】　句意为：如果我们说了要回来却没有到达，妈妈总会有点着急。根据句意可知答案。 【答案】　A

　　succeed v．成功 succeed in doing sth. The astronauts succeeded in returning from the moon to the earth according to the plan. 宇航员们根据计划成功地从月球回到地球。 His business has succeeded，and is making a lot of money. 他的生意很成功，赚了很多钱。

　　(1)successful adj.成功的 (2)success n．成功；成功的人或事 Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work. 与其说成功在于运气不如说是在于辛勤努力。

　　5.(2004 年全国卷Ⅱ) When first________to the market，these products enjoyed great success. A．introducing

　　B．introduced

　　C．introduce

　　D．being introduced 【解析】　句意为：当这些产品被首次推向市场时，结果非常成功。主句主语是these products，前面是分词作状语，逻辑主语就是主句的主句，和introduce之间是被动关系。 【答案】　B

　　advance (1)n.前进；进展 You must pay for the book in advance.你必须提前付书钱。 (2)v.使前进；推进；使进步；增进；发展 Our soldiers advanced bravely towards the enemy. 我们的士兵勇敢地向敌军进攻。 John was advanced from a clerk to a manager. 约翰从一个职员晋升为经理。

　　advanced adj.先进的；高级的 He is an advanced worker.他是一个先进工人。

　　6.She gave John a present，but John gave her nothing________. A．in return

　　B．in turn C．in advance

　　D．in vain

　　【解析】　句意为：她给了约翰一件礼物，但约翰什么也没给她作为回报。in turn依次，轮流；in advance预先，提前；in vain无用，无结果，徒劳。 【答案】　A

　　seek v．(sought，sought) 寻找，搜索，探寻，追求 seek after truth寻求真理 seek to do＝try to do试图干…… They sought to change her mind.他们试图改变她的主意。 We sought an answer to the question，but couldn’t find one. 我们寻求问题的答案，可是没有结果。 I am seeking for information.我正在搜索信息。

　　7.My brother worked all summer vacation，saving money to________his hobby of photography. A．seek

　　B．search C．hunt

　　D．pursue 【解析】　句意为：我弟弟整个暑假都在打工，省钱来投入于他对摄影的爱好中去。pursue在这里是“从事(业余爱好等)”的意思。 【答案】　D

　　turn out结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是) (1)turn out (to be)＋adj./n. If the day turns out wet，we may have to change our plans. 万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。 The rumor turned out (to be) true. 那谣言后来证明是真的。 (2)It turns out that...结果是……；后来证实…… It turns out that she has never been married. 结果是她根本没结过婚。 It turned out that two travelers had been killed. 后来证实有两位旅客丧生。

　　turn into把……变成

　　turn back往回走、折回 turn down调低、关小、拒绝

　　turn in交还、上缴 turn off关掉

　　turn on打开

　　turn over翻转 turn to翻到、转向……，求助

　　turn up出现、到达

　　8.To everybody’s surprise，the fashionable young lady________to be a thief. A．found out

　　B．proved out

　　C．put out

　　D．turned out 【解析】　句意为：让大家都惊奇的是，那个时髦的年轻女士结果却是一个小偷。find out打听，查明；prove out搭配错误；put out表示扑灭，熄灭；turn out证明是，结果是。 【答案】　D

　　involve

　　(1)vt.涉及；使卷入；使陷入；拖累 This is a task which involves much difficulty. 这个任务有很多困难。 Don’t involve me in your mistakes. 不要让我卷入你的错误中。 (2)be involved in包含在……，与……有关，被卷入，专心地(做) I was involved in trouble.我被卷入麻烦中了。 He was involved in working out a plan. 他正在专心完成一个计划。

　　(3)be involved with和……混在一起，与……有牵连 Do you involve you with those people? 你和那些人混在一起吗？ He is involved with criminals.他和那些案件有关。

　　9.Getting to other planets or to the moon________many problems. A．involve

　　B．involves C．involving

　　D．to involve

　　【解析】　句意为：到达其他星球或月球涉及到很多问题。主语是getting to other planets or to the moon，某件事作主语是第三人称单数。 【答案】　B

　　consequence [C]结果、后果

　　This decision could have serious consequencs. 这个决定也许会有了严重的后果了。

　　as a consequence ＝ in consequence ＝consequently (adv.)＝as a result因此、结果 as a consequence of ＝in consequence of＝as a result of 由于、因为

　　10.He was found cheating and lost his job________it.

　　A．together with

　　B．in the name of

　　C．in consequence of

　　D．in charge of 【解析】　句意为：他被发现欺骗，因为这个原因，他丢了那份工作。as a consequenceof ＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于、因为。 【答案】　C

　　figure 考虑、认为、计算 (consider/think) Figure the situation for yourself.How would you do? 自己考虑一下形势。你会怎么做？ She figured that different people like different things. 她认为不同的人喜欢不同的东西。

　　figure out 算出、理解、明白(work out) Please help me to figure out my income tax. 请帮我算出我的收入税。 You should first figure out how to do it. 你首先应该明白怎么做。