湖南高考英语复习课件牛津译林版模块必修5《Unit 2 The Environment》The environment环境

　　(1)close adj.靠近的，接近的；亲密的，密切的；周密的，仔细的 The church is close to the shops. 教堂和商店离得很近。 My sister and I are very close. 我姐姐和我关系非常密切。 They didn’t pay any close attention to these details. 他们没有仔细注意到那些细节。 (2)close

　　adv.靠近、挨近、接近 Come close，so I can see you clearly. 靠近点，这样我就能看清楚你了。 He stood close to me and held my hand firmly. 他站在我身边，紧紧地握住我的手。

　　10.Betty stood________to her teacher and watched________what he was doing. A．close；closely

　　B．close；close

　　C．closely；close

　　D．closely；closely 【解析】　句意为：Betty站在老师边上，仔细地观察着老师所做的事情。距离接近用close，观察仔细用closely。 【答案】　A

　　raise (1)vt.抬起，举起，使升起

　　She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence. 她举起一根手指放在唇边，示意肃静。 (2)vt.唤起，引起，激起

　　A funny remark raises a laugh. 一句有趣的话引起一阵笑声。 (3)vt.提出

　　He regretted raising that silly question at the meeting. 他后悔在会上提出那个愚蠢的问题。 (4)vt.召集；征集，筹集(款)

　　People are called on to raise funds for more primary schools. 人们被号召为建更多的小学筹集资金。 (5)vt.饲养；养育；栽培 It’s difficult raising a family on a small income. 依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。

　　辨析：rise与raise rise vi.(rose，risen) 升起，起身，上升，(日、月、星)升起 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 日出于东而落于西。 Prices rise every day in those countries. 那些国家里的物价天天上涨。 The chairman rose from his chair. 主席从椅子上站了起来。

　　11.The workers in the factory demanded that their pay________by 20 percent. A．be raised

　　B．would be raised C．raised

　　D．raise 【解析】　句意为：工厂的工人要求工资上涨20%。提高工资，工资是被提高，demand后面从句用should虚拟。 【答案】　A

　　measure

　　n．措施，方法 (常用复数形式) take effective measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取有效的措施做某事

　　take one’s measure 量某人的尺寸 v．量得(高，宽)用主动而不用被动 The room measures 10 meters long,5 meters wide. 那个房间10米长，5米宽。

　　12.The box________8 feet long and 6 feet wide.

　　A．is measured

　　B．measured

　　C．measures

　　D．is measuring

　　【解析】　句意为：那只盒子8英尺长，6英尺宽。measure“量得(高，宽)”，用主动而不用被动，另外，它表示事实状态，一般也不用过去时。 【答案】　C

　　rely on＝ depend on依赖，依靠 You shouldn’t rely on your parents too much. 你不应该依赖你父母太多。

　　rely on sb.for sth.依赖某人某事 rely on sb.to do sth/sb.’s doing sth.依赖某人做某事 rely on it that...依赖…… We can rely on her for help.我们依赖她的帮助。 You may rely on her to pay back the money. 你可以依赖她来还钱。 ＝ You may rely on her paying back the money. ＝You may rely on it that she will pay back the money. reliable

　　可信赖的，可依靠的 a reliable product

　　可信赖的产品

　　13.I find he is not a reliable man.________to say，he is not a man to depend ________. A．That’s；on

　　B．That’s；/

　　C．It’s；upon

　　D．It’s；/ 【解析】　句意为：我发现他不是一个可以信赖的男人。也就是说，他不是一个可以依靠的男人。That’s to say是固定搭配，解释为“也就是说”；depend on/upon解释为“依赖，依靠”。 【答案】　A

　　prohibit vt.(以法令，规则等)禁止 prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人干某事 There is a rule prohibiting travelers from fishing in this river. 有一个规则禁止旅游者在河里钓鱼。 prohibition n．禁令，禁律

　　14.The company prohibits the workers________.

　　A．to smoke

　　B．from smoking

　　C．to smoking

　　D．smoking 【解析】　句意为：那家公司禁止工人抽烟。prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人干某事。 【答案】　B

　　appreciate

　　v．欣赏，感激 We greatly appreciate your timely help. 我们非常感谢你及时的帮助。

　　We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们将乐于再收到你的来信。

　　appreciate (doing ) sth. I would appreciate it if... I appreciate your help/your coming to the party. 我感谢你来到聚会。 I would appreciate it if you could give the chance. 如果你能给予几回，我会很感激。

　　15.I really appreciate________to relax with you on this nice island. A．to have had time

　　B．having time C．to have time

　　D．to having time 【解析】　句意为：在这美丽的岛屿上，我很感激能有时间和你一起放松。这里考查appreciate doing sth.。 【答案】　B

　　When people think of factories，they think of clouds of dirty smoke or a pipe pouring chemical waste into a river.当人们想到工厂，他们想起了肮脏的烟或者是倾倒污水去河里的管子。 They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to the environment and only thinking about money. 他们想起了躲藏环境的责任和只想金钱的贪婪的商人。 现在分词作定语与被修饰的名词构成主动关系(相当于一个定语从句)。 A little child learning to walk often falls. 一个学走路的小孩经常会摔跤。 A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday. 一个写小说的年轻人昨天来演讲了。

　　16.(2004年上海卷)The flowers________sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of them. A．to smell

　　B．smelling C．smelt

　　D．to be smelt 【解析】　句意为：花园里芳香四溢的花吸引了许多游客来欣赏他们的美丽。系动词无被动，没有过去分词，因此用现在分词。 【答案】　B

　　My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and try.我的建议是我们要减少生产量并减少我们制作和购买的东西的数量。 (1)本句中that引导表语从句，suggestion等名词作主语，使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should＋动词原形。 Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。 The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only.按照要求作文必须单面誊写。

　　(2)suggestion等名词引导的同位语从句也用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”结构。 It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year.我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。 The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable.教育要改革的建议是合理的。

　　17.He gave a piece of advice that they________each other. A．helped

　　B．must help C．help

　　D．had helped 【解析】　句意为：他给了一条他们应该互相帮助的建议。advice 引导的同位语从句使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should＋动词原形。 【答案】　C 18．(2006年福建卷) The workers will go on strike if the demands they________put forward are turned down. A．could

　　B．would C．/

　　D．had 【解析】　句意为：工人们将继续罢工，如果他们提出的要求被拒绝的话，demand引导的同位语从句使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should＋动词原形。 【答案】　C

　　The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. 世界人口比1800年增加了六倍多。 英语倍数的表达法： 用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，用下面三个句型： (1)……倍数＋形容词(或副词)的比较级＋than This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。 (2)……倍数＋as＋形容词(或 much)或副词＋as This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。 (3)……倍数＋the size(length，height...)of This hill is four times the height of that small one. ＝The height of this hill is four times that of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。

　　19.American eat________vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A．more than twice

　　B．as twice as many C．twice as many as

　　D．more than twice as many 【解析】　句意为：美国人现在每人比1910年多吃两倍的蔬菜。……倍数＋as＋形容词(或 much)或副词＋as。 【答案】　D

　　20．Paper produced every year is________the world’s production of vehicles. A．the three weight of

　　B．three times the weight of C．as three times heavy as

　　D．three times as heavier as 【解析】　每年生产的纸张比全世界汽车的产量重三倍。……倍数＋the size(length，height...)of 【答案】　B

　　(2009～2010学年度淄博市重点高中高三阶段考英语试卷) 2009年全国城市运动会(The 2009 National Games)将在山东济南举行。作为济南市民，你感觉身边还存在许多不文明行为。请你根据以下提示，写一篇120～150词的英语短文，号召广大民众从我做起，杜绝不文明行为。 *不文明行为，如(乱穿马路，乱扔垃圾等) *不文明行为的影响 *你的建议和措施 ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

　　The 2009 National Games are coming to Jinan，but lots of bad behviour still exists around us.For example，some people often cross the streets against traffic rules，some don’t make room for the old or disabled on the bus and some even litter and spit freely in public.The above behaviour does great harm to our city and will leave a negative impression on visitors.It’s high time that we solved the problem.

　　Firstly，I’ll start with myself to perform good manners all the time and everywhere.Secondly，I’ll call on all the people around to behave politely.Thirdly，everyone should do his bit to help build a harmonious society.Last but not least，some effective measures should be taken to remove the bad behaviour.Only in this way can we benefit from the coming National Games. Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 1．

　　n．经济 2．

　　n.

　　增加 3．

　　vt.

　　下蛋；放置 4．

　　n.

　　数据

　　5．

　　vt.& vi.

　　接近，靠近 6．

　　n.

　　产量 7．

　　adj

　　有益的 8．

　　adj.

　　有效的 9．

　　adj

　　乐意的，自愿的 10．

　　adv.

　　仔细地，认真地 economy addition lay figure approach production beneficial effective willing closely 11．

　　vt.

　　限制 12．

　　n.

　　设备 13．

　　vt.

　　引发，提出 14．

　　vi.

　　依靠，依赖 15．

　　n.

　　污染 16．

　　vt.& vi.

　　扩展，扩大 17．

　　vt.& vi

　　减少 18．

　　n.

　　范围 19．

　　vt.

　　禁止 20．

　　vt.

　　欣赏，感激 21．

　　vi.

　　留存，逗留 22．

　　n.

　　成长 23．

　　vi.& n.

　　逮捕 limit equipment raise rely pollution expand decrease range prohibit appreciate remain growth arrest Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 1．

　　另外

　　2．

　　扫除 3．

　　减少 4．

　　为……负责 5．

　　以……的形式 6．

　　挑选 7．

　　依靠 8．

　　在进行中 9．

　　集中于 10．

　　关心，担忧 11．

　　愿意做某事 12．

　　根据

　　in

　　addition

　　wipe

　　out cut

　　back

　　on

　　take

　　responsibility

　　for

　　in

　　the

　　form

　　of

　　pick

　　out

　　rely

　　on

　　under

　　way

　　focus

　　on

　　be

　　concerned

　　about

　　be

　　willing

　　to

　　do

　　sth.

　　according

　　to

　　13．

　　用完，耗尽 Ⅲ.课文原句突破 1．This will________ ________ ________ ________ ______(有持久的影响) the number of fish left for us to eat. 【答案】　have a lasting effect upon 2．The people________ ________ ________(经营工厂) are very concerned about the environment. 【答案】　running the factories 3．________ ________ ________(我们所需要的)is more effective laws to preserve the economy，which still allow the economy to grow. 【答案】　What we need

　　run

　　out

　　(of)

　　4．But I do agree that recycling may be________ ________ ________(关键) helping both sides. 【答案】　the key to 5．In 2002，________ ________ ________(据报道) that 23.4 billion unpolluted human and industrial sewage was deposited into the river. 【答案】　it was reported 6．The experts have assessed the river and are now trying to____ ____ ____ ____(制定出可能的解决办法) to many problems. 【答案】　work out possible solutions 7．Boats________ ________ ________(被禁止) entering this area in order to keep the dolphins safe. 【答案】　are prohibited from

　　addition n．加，增加 in addition/in addition to...另外；除……之外(还) She won’t mind your being late—in addition，it’s hardly your fault.她不会介意你迟到的，此外，这也不是你的错误。 Do you play any other sports in addition to football and basketball? 除了足球和篮球你还进行其他体育运动吗？

　　(1)additional adj.额外的 additional tax/the additional regulation (2)add vt.增加，补充 He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。

　　1.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks，________that he had enjoyed his stay here. A．having addedB．to add C．adding

　　D．added 【解析】　句意为：来访的总理对他的会谈表示满意。并补充说，他在这儿过得很愉快。分词表示伴随动作。 【答案】　C

　　lay (laid，laid) vt.下蛋；放置 Laying eggs is the full-time job of the ant queen. 蚁皇的主要工作是繁衍后代。 Supper is ready，go and lay the table. 晚饭准备好了，去摆设餐具准备吃饭。

　　(1)lay aside放在一边 She laid aside her book to rest her eyes for a moment. 她把书放下，让眼睛歇一会儿。 (2)lay out设计，布局 The hill has been laid out as a park. 这座小山布置成了一座公园。

　　2.If only he________quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now. A．lies

　　B．lay

　　C．had lain

　　D．should lie 【解析】　句意为：如果他遵照医嘱卧床静养了，他不至于现在受这样的苦。本题考查混合虚拟条件句。本题主句是对现在真实情况的假设，从句是对过去真实情况的假设。从句要按过去的假设用had＋过去分词，主句按照现在的假设用would＋动词原形。lie (lay，lain) 躺。 【答案】　C

　　figure (1)n.数字，数据；外形，轮廓；体形 Let’s add up the figures.让我们把这些数字加起来。 He has a good figure.他体型很好。 I saw a figure in the darkness.我在暗处看见一个人影。 (2)v.想像，认为，计算 They figured it was better to stay where they were. 他们断定还是呆在原地好。

　　figure out 计算出，想出，弄清 Please help me to figure out my income tax. 请帮我算清楚我的收入税。 We must figure out how to do it. 我们必须想清楚如何处理这件事。 I wish I could figure out how their minds work. 我希望弄清楚他们是如何想的。

　　3.I can’t________what has happened to the vegetables，for they were freshly picked this morning. A．figure out

　　B．draw out

　　C．work out

　　D．look out 【解析】　句意为：我无法理解这些蔬菜发生了什么，因为它们是今天早上才摘的。figure out理解，明白。 【答案】　A

　　approach (1)n.方法，途经，通路，入口；靠近，走近 (to ) a new approach to language teaching教语言的一个新的方法

　　all approaches to the airport所有去机场的通路 The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天的临近使天气转冷了。 When learning a foreign language，the best approach is the study of spoken language. 当我们在学习外语时，最好的学习方法是口语的学习。 (2)vi.& vt.走近；靠近；着手 (考虑) 处理；(因事) 找或接近 He approached the problem with caution. 他开始认真考虑这个问题。

　　A boy of eighteen is approaching manhood. 18岁的男孩马上是成年男子汉了。

　　4.(2009年浙江)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy________to the digital resources of the library. A．access

　　B．passage C．way

　　D．approach 【答案】　A

　　cut back on削减，缩减，减少(＝cut down on) The government has announced plans to cut back on defense spending by 10% next year. 政府已经宣布了计划，明年要减少10%的花费。 The doctor told him to cut down on smoking. 医生告诉他一定要减少吸烟。

　　cut at向……猛砍 cut away切下，砍掉 cut down砍倒，砍伐/减少……的量，缩减…… cut in插嘴，插入，插队

　　cut off切断，砍掉/切断(电力，煤气，自来水等)/使(人，城镇)孤立 cut out切下……，剪下……，删掉 cut up切碎

　　5.(2005年湖南卷)I was just talking to Margot when Jackson________. A．cut in

　　B．cut down C．cut out

　　D．cut up 【解析】　句意为：我正要和Margaret交谈这时Jackson插嘴了。本题测试动词短语的用法。cut down砍倒，削减；cut out切掉，停止；cut up切碎，抨击。 【答案】　A

　　beneficial adj.有益的，有利的，有帮助的 Sunshine is beneficial to plants. 太阳对植物是很有益的。 I hope your holiday will be beneficial. 我希望你的假期会很有益。

　　(1)benefit n．利益，好处 be of benefit to对……有好处 for the benefit of为了……的好处 I get no personal benefit from the business. 我从这个生意上没得到什么好处。 The new factory will be a great benefit to the town. 新的工厂对这个镇带来了利益。 The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor. 这个钱是用来帮助穷人的。 (2)benefit v．对……有利 benefit from...从……中受益 Some fresh air will benefit your health. 新鲜空气对你的健康有益。 I benefited from my father’s advice. 爸爸给我的建议让我受益匪浅。

　　6.The book was boring.It wasn’t________to me. A．benefit

　　B．benefited

　　C．of little benefit

　　D．of much benefit 【解析】　句意为：这本书对我没有多大益处。be of benefit to...表示“对……有益”。 【答案】　D

　　effective adj.有效的 take effective measures采取有效措施 The medicine is an effective cure for a headache. 这种药对治头痛很有效。

　　effect n．影响 (1)have a(n)．..effect on/upon...对……有影响 This had a great effect on the future of both the mother and son. 这对母子两个的将来有很大的影响。 (2)be in effect 生效、有效 The rule is still in effect.这条规则仍然有效。 (3)come/go into effect生效 The new law went into effect yesterday. 这条新的法律昨天生效了。 (4)put/take/bring...into effect使……生效 They have already begun to put their plans into effect. 他们已经开始使他们的计划生效。

　　7.The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area. A．in

　　B．on

　　C．at

　　D．with

　　【解析】　句意为：他们开了会议来讨论旅游业对这个地区野生动物的影响。effect和on搭配。 【答案】　B

　　willing adj.乐意的，自愿的 Smith was willing to help in anyway he can. 不管怎样Smith总愿意来帮忙。

　　(1)will n．意愿，意志 Where there is a will there is a way.有志者事竟成。 (2)willingly adv.愿意地 If you don’t come willingly，I shall have to use force. 如果你不情愿来，我将不得不使用武力。 (3)willingness n．情愿，愿意 They don’t show much willingness to help me. 他们不愿帮助我。

　　8.China is________to________continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction. A．willingly；give

　　B．willing；giving C．willing；offer

　　D．will；offering 【解析】　句意为：中国愿意在伊拉克建设方面提供持续的帮助。be willing to do sth.表示“愿意做某事”。 【答案】　C

　　run out (of)用完，耗尽 All our supply of food has run out. 所有的食物供给已经用完了。 Give me a cigarette，please.I have run out of them. 请给我一根香烟。我的已经吸完了。

　　run across不期而遇 run after追赶 run away跑掉 run away from从……逃出 run into陷入困境 run out到期 run over匆匆看一下 run through很快地处理

　　9.Having walked in the desert for several days，we felt exhausted，but we had to find a pool before the water we had in the bottle________. A．ran out of

　　B．ran away

　　C．ran out

　　D．ran off 【解析】　句意为：在沙漠中工作了好几天，我们感觉筋疲力尽，但是我们必须在我们瓶中的水用完之前找到一个水潭。run out 表示“用完；耗尽”，为不及物动词短语。 【答案】　C

　　closely adv.仔细地，认真地；紧密地，紧紧地 The little baby was closely looked after by her mother. 妈妈仔细地照看小孩。 He knew that she was watching him closely. 他知道她正在认真地注视着他。 We followed closely after him. 我们紧紧地跟着他。 Good teaching and good testing are closely related. 好的教学和好的测试总是紧密联系在一起的。