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2017年高考冲刺总复习:第6部分-书面表达专题课件

发布时间:2017-02-06  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  专题五 │ 真题典例 真题典例

  [2011·北京卷]

  In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it. 专题五 │ 真题典例 【解析】 One possible version:

  In the picture,there stands a tree full of fruit on one side of the stream. Across the stream,a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached to a pole. Not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit. 专题五 │ 真题典例

  The message conveyed in the picture is clear. In pursuing a dream,we might focus on only one way of making it come true,forgetting that there may be alternatives. As indicated in the picture,if the man is willing to look for other possibilities,he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal. All he has to do is to turn around,cross the bridge and walk to the tree.

  专题五 │ 新题预测 In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it. 新题预测 专题五 │ 新题预测 【解析】

  One possible version:

  The picture vividly shows that a cat is sitting with both eyes glued to a big fish, which is obviously placed in a dish by its owner, while under its nose a rat is slipping away with all it has stolen.

  The picture reminds me of a phenomenon that some parents do what they can for their children. As a result, the children 专题五 │ 新题预测 are so spoiled that they lose the ability of doing ordinary things. Just like the spoiled cat in the picture, born mouse- catcher as it is, it may eventually lose its talent.

  So, in my opinion, parents should let their children learn whatever may lie ahead of them because in this process their ability develops to its fullest. 专题二 │ 新题预测

  【解析】

  (二) One possible version:

  Online shopping is common in our daily life now. There are two kinds of opinions about it.

  Some people think that online shopping has a lot of advantages. The most important one is its convenience. People don’t have to waste their time and energy to go from one shop to another to buy commodities they like. This is especially useful to the busy people, the aged and the disabled people

  专题二 │ 新题预测 who can’t go to shops in person. Besides, on the Internet there is enough information of all kinds of commodities, and people are able to buy things from a distant place.

  But other people object to online shopping. They think that the real goods may be different from what the consumers have seen on the Net, thus the quality of commodities bought online may not be ensured. What’s worse, once cheated online, one may find it difficult to make a complaint.

  In my opinion, it is better for all to be careful when shopping online. 专题三 说明文型书面表达  专题三 说明文型书面表达 

  专题导读 专题三 │ 专题导读

  说明文写作要点

  说明文的写作可以按时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写,也可以采取举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、说明、叙述等方法。

  1.比较对照

  比较对照有两种,一是逐点比较,二是整块比较,即AB交错或先A后B:

  (1)逐点比较:A,B, A,B, A,B, 结构 (如内容较多,可逐点分析。) 专题三 │ 专题导读 (2)整块比较:A,A,A, B,B,B, 结构(如内容简单,可将两者分开描述) 2.分类 分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一,也是描写事物、解释观点最有效的方式之一。通过将一事物分类,可使复杂的事物变得清晰明了,便于作者阐述自己的观点。分类段落的各类排列要有条理,可采用从主要到次要,从次要到主要,从多到少或从少到多等方式排列,亦可平行排列。 专题三 │ 专题导读

  3.例证

  例证指具体说明人或事物的特点、本质及其规律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例证型段落的写作方式多为先提出主题再列举事例。在事例之前一般有for example或for instance。例证后面,根据情况还可以加上结论句。

  4.因果

  因果是两个事物之间的关系。一些说明文,议论文通过分析因果关系说明一个中心思想。因果型段落的扩展模式有两种,一是分类编排法,另一个是连环编排法。如果只讨论成因或只讨论结果,细节比较简单,只需按其重要性或其逻辑顺序进行编排。 专题三 │ 专题导读

  (1)分类编排法:指先讨论原因,然后讨论结果;或先讨论结果,后讨论原因。

  (2) 连环编排法:先讨论一组因果,再一组因果,再一组因果,形成一个锁链。当因果紧密相连,前一果为后一果之因时,经常使用这种方式。

  说明文的篇章结构

  开头——引出全文的话题,对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍 (如:说明缘由)。 专题三 │ 专题导读

  主体——围绕话题展开讨论,用事实,理由,观点等来进行解释,说明或论证。

  结尾——对话题进行概括,总结归纳。一两句收尾的句子,表示说明到此为止。 专题三 │ 真题典例 真题典例 [2011·安徽卷] 某校英文报开辟了一个专栏:Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题,用英语写一篇短文,谈谈自己的一些做法。

  注意:1.词数100左右;

  2.短文中不能出现本人相关信息。 专题三 │ 真题典例 【解析】

  One possible version:

  My Approach to Difficulties in Learning

  As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning. Everyone has their own way to deal with them. Here I would like to share mine.

  When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself. 专题三 │ 真题典例

  However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. Sometimes I also ask my parents for advice. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.

  专题三 │ 新题预测 道路交通安全是大家很关心的一个话题。据报道,很多的交通事故都是由于人们违反交通规则而造成的;为了保证大家的交通安全,我们要牢记交通规则。请根据提示用英语写一篇文章介绍基本的交通规则。

  1.过马路要走人行横道、地下通道、或人行天桥。

  2.骑车要靠右行;红灯停,绿灯行。

  3.转弯或停车时要打手势。

  4.要教育小孩子不要在马路上玩耍、打闹。

  5.要帮助老人和小孩过马路。 新题预测 专题三 │ 新题预测

  注意:1.不要逐条翻译;2.词数120左右。

  参考词汇:人行横道crosswalk,地下通道underground passage,人行天桥pedestrian overpass 专题三 │ 新题预测

  【解析】

  One possible version:

  Every year a lot of people get injured or killed in traffic accidents. It is reported that many accidents resulted from people’s breaking of traffic rules. So it is necessary for all to keep the traffic rules in mind and obey them strictly.

  When one crosses the street, one should take the crosswalk, underground passage or pedestrian overpass. If one is riding a bike or motorcycle, keep riding on the right side of

  专题三 │ 新题预测 the road. When the red light is on, please stop and wait until the green light is on. Give a gesture if one wants to turn or stop. It is important to let the young know that playing on the road is very dangerous. Helping the aged and young cross the road is always a kind deed.

  If everyone obeys the traffic rules, it will be much safer to walk or ride on the road. 专题四 应用文型书面表达 专题四 应用文型书面表达 专题导读 专题四 │ 专题导读 应用文是中学英语书面表达的重要内容,也是高考书面表达的考查重点。应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体,是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的工具,它最突出的特点就是它的实际应用的性质。应用文包括书信、通知、个人简历、日记、海报、便条、启事等。根据不同的内容和任务,不同的应用文有不同的相对稳定的格式和行文方式。应用文在写作上要求在一定的时限内完成,而且和某项工作时间要求紧密相连,工作完成了,与之相关的文件、文章也就失去了它的效用,转化为档案材料。 专题四 │ 真题典例 真题典例 [2011·辽宁卷] 假定你是李华,将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书,你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信,包括下列要点:

  1.年龄;

  2.学习情况及英语水平;

  3.兴趣和特长;

  4.性格特点。 专题四 │ 真题典例 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。

  June8 Dear Sir/Madam, I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary._____________________________________________ I’m looking forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Li Hua 专题四 │ 真题典例 【解析】

  One possible version:

  June 8 Dear_ Sir/Madam,

  I_ learned_ from_ the_ newspaper_ that_ your_ company_ needs_ an_ English_ secretary. I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.

  I’m 18 years old and will be graduating from Xin xing Foreign Languages School this July. I’m an excellent student,among the top 5 in my class of 50 students. I’m good at English, 专题四 │ 真题典例 especially spoken English. I often use the computer and I type very fast. In my spare time,I read a lot. Poems are my favorite. I enjoy music very much too. Being an active young person,I like sports and outdoor activities. Besides,I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.

  I’m_ looking_ forward_ to_ your_ reply.

  Sincerely_ yours,

  Li_ Hua 专题四 │ 新题预测 新题预测

  假如你是新华中学的学生李华,最近看到一所外语培训学校招聘兼职辅导员(part- time tutors)的广告,想在高考结束后去应聘,请根据下列提示写一封应聘信。

  提示:1.自身优势; 2.应聘理由; 3.想法及打算。

  注意: 1.“自身优势”不少于两条;

  2.可适当发挥,以使行文连贯;

  3.词数: 100左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。 专题四 │ 新题预测 Dear Sir or Madam,

  I’m very glad to learn part- time tutors are wanted in your training school and I’d like to have a try.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

  Yours truly,

  Li Hua 专题四 │ 新题预测 【解析】

  (一) One possible version: Dear_ Sir_ or_ Madam,

  I’m_ very_ glad_ to_ learn_ part- time_ tutors_ are_ wanted_ in_ your_ training_ school_ and_ I’d_ like_ to_ have_ a_ try. I am a student who is to graduate from high school soon. I do very well in my English lessons, especially in both oral and written English. Besides, I’m a monitor and often help others with their English. Before going to a university, I will have a 专题四 │ 新题预测

  long holiday, during which I’m determined to do a part- time job like this to make the best of it. What’s more, I can earn some money for my future studies. Last but not least, I can get some valuable social experience. I’m going to work hard at my job and I can also be a head teacher. I hope I will have a chance to co-operate with you.

  I’m looking forward to your reply.

  Yours_ truly,_

  Li_ Hua 专题四 │ 新题预测

  (二)

  下面是有关英语演讲比赛的信息,请据此用英语写一书面通知。(100词左右)

  活动 英语演讲比赛(English- speaking Contest) 目的 提高英语口语 组织者 学生会 参加范围 高中(senior)学生 报名时间 5月25日以前 报名地点 学生会办公室 比赛时间 6月9日下午4:00 比赛地点 教学楼五层礼堂(auditorium) 评奖 前五名优胜者获奖 专题四 │ 新题预测 【解析】

  (二) One possible version:

  NOTICE

  We are going to have an English- speaking Contest for senior students so as to improve our oral English. It will be held in the auditorium on the 5th floor in the teaching building at 4 p.m. June 9th.Those who want to take part in the contest are supposed to come to sign up in the office of the Students’ Union 专题四 │ 新题预测 before May 25th.All the senior students are welcome to join in the contest. The first five winners will be given prizes. Please try your best and get ready in time.

  Wish you success!

  Students’ Union 专题五 开放式型书面表达 专题五 开放式型书面表达 专题导读 专题五 │ 专题导读

  “开放式作文”和目前我们高考所采用的题型相比,难度更大。因为它只给出文章的主题(topic),具体内容完全由考生来发挥。它不但考查学生的英语语言能力,同时也考查学生的认识水平、思想方法等综合素质,而且对学生的想象能力、发散思维能力、归纳判断能力和思辨能力也提出了更高的要求。 专题五 │ 专题导读

  开放式作文侧重考查两种文体:一为记述文,一为论说文。记述文给出学生一段材料,然后要求学生充分发挥想象来拓展原材料的内容,运用逻辑推理的方法,沿着材料的纵横方向延伸,给故事添加开头、结尾及中间过程。论说文要求学生根据所提供的材料,谈谈自己的观点和看法。学生要灵活处理所给材料,做到综合分析,辩证思考,归纳要点,提炼观点,力求论点合理,论据充分,论证缜密。 专题五 │ 专题导读

  解题技巧

  1.立意选材

  传统的“书面表达”题,书写的内容都由试题所决定,无需考生自己编拟。而开放式作文则需学生根据试题所提示的要求立意,确定文章的中心思想。立意与选材是互为联系的两方面。立意决定选材,选材服从立意。不管习作还是考试,立意首先决定于试题的要求。立意的基础是审题。审题时要认真读题,切实掌握命题要求。

  2.谋篇布局

  如何安排已选定的这些材料,这是我们下一步要做的事情。最好先拟提纲,这样写起来就会有条不紊,详略得当。 专题一 │ 专题导读

  记叙文写作的注意事项

  1.记叙文要写作者比较了解的人或事物。

  2.仔细审题,看准题目要求,确定文章的主题。文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题进行。

  3.具体详细地描述。要使文章有说服力,叙述就必须繁简疏密相间。详细具体的描写有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件等有深刻的印象。

  4.写作时要避免句子单调、毫无新意。这就要求写作时长短句结合,注意衔接词的运用。 专题一 │ 专题导读 5.叙述要生动。要使文章叙述生动,具有吸引力,必须注意词汇的选择,时态的运用以及上下文的一致问题。词语的运用应注意是否恰当、通顺、简洁和准确。时态的运用应注意上下文的相关性、连续性,要与表达的内容一致。 6.叙述的顺序。大多数情况下叙述都是按照事情的发展及时间的先后进行的,但有时也可以采用其他顺序,如倒叙、插叙等。 专题一 │ 专题导读

  7.人称。一般说来,记叙文用第一人称或第三人称来叙述。用第一人称叙述的优点是:文章比较生动、形象,使读者有身临其境的感觉,因而加强了故事的真实感和感染力。其缺点是,描写的范围受到限制。一篇文章中,由于角色的变化,人称也要随之而变,但应注意前后的一致性。 记叙文的篇章结构

  专题一 │ 专题导读

  开头the beginning——交代必要的背景,如:时间,地点,人物等。

  中间the middle——交代故事情节(事情的主体),如:事件的发生,发展和前因后果。

  结尾the ending——事情的结果或感想,愿望等(the result or feeling)。

  专题一 │ 真题典例 真题典例 [2011·北京卷] 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华。下面四幅图描述了近期发生在你们班的一个真实故事,请根据图片的先后顺序,为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文,词数不少于60。 专题一 │ 真题典例 【解析】

  One possible version:

  Last Monday,we were having our Chinese class when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell. We were all worried about her. One of the boys carried her on the back,with the help of some others,to the clinic immediately. It turned out that her right leg was broken and she had to stay in the hospital. The following day,we went to visit her with flower and fruit.

  专题一 │ 真题典例 Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages,we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon. This Thursday she returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher. 专题一 │ 新题预测

  (一)

  上星期五下午放学回家的路上,你目睹了一起抢劫案并设法帮助受害人追回了被抢的手提包。请根据图画内容写一篇短文,介绍整个事件的始末。

  新题预测 专题一 │ 新题预测

  参考词汇:

  图钉pushpin 车胎 tyre 刺穿 puncture __________________________________________________

  ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 专题一 │ 新题预测 【解析】

  (一) One possible version:

  On my way home last Friday afternoon, I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag. A young man riding a bike came up, seized the bag suddenly and took it away. The lady could do nothing but cry for help. Just then I happened to be walking around the corner and saw what had happened. I had a box of pushpins with me, so I threw all of 专题一 │ 新题预测 them in the street. When the man rode along, as I had expected, the bike got its tyre punctured and the young man had to get off. So a policeman caught the young man and got back the handbag. The lady was so thankful to me, but I said with a smile, “That’s what I should do.” 专题一 │ 新题预测

  (二)

  请根据下面四幅图画内容,写一篇短文,记述昨天发生在你叔叔身上的事。

  注意:1.词数100左右。

  2.参考词汇:吊销驾照 revoke a driving license 专题一 │ 新题预测 【解析】

  (二) One possible version:

  My uncle will never forget what happened to him yesterday.

  Towards the evening, he was invited to an inn. He enjoyed his dinner with his friends, drinking a lot of beers. As a result, he got drunk. He insisted on driving home after the meal, although his friends tried to persuade him not to. 专题一 │ 新题预测

  A few minutes later, he was winding his way on the street. And then his car ran into a tall tree. Fortunately, he was still alive, though seriously injured. The police came to the scene, and he was taken to hospital. Naturally, he had to stay in hospital for several days. Worse still, his driving license was revoked. How he regretted what he had done! 专题二 议论文型书面表达 专题二 议论文型书面表达

  专题导读 专题二 │ 专题导读 议论文的篇章特点

  议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论句三部分。一般在引子部分提出论点,即文章的主题,在正文部分摆出事实,对论点进行严密的论证,最后根据前面的论证得出结论。 议论文写作三要素

  议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。

  论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义,恰当地综合运用各种表达方式; 专题二 │ 专题导读

  论据的基本要求是:真实可靠,充分典型; 论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。论证的方法多种多样,常用的方法有:

  1.归纳法:从分析典型,即分析个别事物入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论。

  2.推理法:从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析,而后得出结论。

  3.对照法:对所有事实、方面进行对照,然后加以分析,得出结论。 专题二 │ 专题导读

  4.驳论法:先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,最后阐明自己的观点。 议论文的写作要点

  1.确定论点。论点通常在文章的第一段提出。

  2.要有足够的论据,可以列举生活的实例。

  3.论证要有严密的逻辑性。所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论连接起来。

  4.层次要清楚。 专题二 │ 专题导读

  5.态度诚恳、友好,因为议论文重在说理,以理服人。

  议论文在写作手法上以议论为主,但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件,或是议论的补充;议论文中的叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据的。因此,叙述应该是概括的,描写应该是简要的。

  6.论据要充分。

  欲证明自己的观点必须有充分的证据。作者可以列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历等。 专题二 │ 专题导读

  表示不同观点的套语

  总起:

  Different people hold different opinions.

  Opinions are divided.

  People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards …

  People have different opinions on this problem.

  People take different views on this question. 专题二 │ 专题导读

  表达不同观点:

  …of them hold the opinion that ….…of them are in favor of the idea that…

  People who are for/against the idea think …

  Some people believe that….Others argue that …

  不同观点之间的衔接:

  However, …of them hold a different view./ …of them hold the opposite opinion.

  People who are against it don’t think so.

  However, each coin has two sides. 专题二 │ 专题导读

  Different from those…, …people think …

  On the other hand, … people object that …

  并列关系:and, as well as, also…

  递进关系:besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…

  比较、对比关系:like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…

  专题二 │ 真题典例 真题典例

  [2011·湖北卷] 请根据以下提示,结合你校园生活中的一个事例,就与人合作这一话题,用英语写一篇短文。

  Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork. Teamwork shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people. 专题二 │ 真题典例

  注意:

  ①无须写标题,不得照抄英语提示语;

  ②除诗歌外,文体不限;

  ③内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例;

  ④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称;

  ⑤词数为100左右。 专题二 │ 真题典例 【解析】

  One possible version:

  Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important for me.

  In fact, I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school. At first, I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities. As a result, I was tired out and depressed. Then 专题二 │ 真题典例

  I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others. Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.

  It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient. 专题二 │ 新题预测 下面是一个关于中学生怎样使用零用钱的调查结果,请根据表格提示写一篇文章。 新题预测 零用钱的 使用现状 1.购买书籍、学习资料,约占55%; 2.饮食方面,约占27%; 3.娱乐方面(上网、玩游戏等),约占18%。 零用钱的 使用建议 1.购买学习用品; 2.把零用钱积攒起来,帮助需要帮助的人; 3.你的看法。 专题二 │ 真题典例

  注意:1.文章要涵盖表格内的所有内容;

  2.词数120左右。

  参考词汇:零花钱pocket money

  专题二 │ 新题预测

  【解析】

  (一) One possible version:

  Recently, a survey has been done on how middle school students spend their pocket money. According to the results, 55% of the students spend their pocket money on their study, such as buying reference books. About 27% use their money for food and drink. While the rest spend their money on entertainment, such as, surfing the Internet and playing PC games. 专题二 │ 新题预测

  Since students are consumers, not producers, they should use the pocket money wisely and properly. Buying books or saving money to help those in need is good ways. In addition, it is meaningless and useless to spend much money on unnecessary entertainment.

  Anyway, it is not easy for our parents to earn money, so we students should learn to use pocket money carefully. 专题二 │ 新题预测

  (二)

  随着电脑和因特网的普及,网上购物也进入了人们的日常生活,有人支持网上购物,也有人对其持保留态度,你的看法是什么?根据下表写一篇文章。 支持者 反对者 1.节省时间、精力,对忙碌的人、老年人或一些行动不方便的人更是如此 2.网上有大量的商品信息,可以买到当地没有的东西 1.网上所见的商品有可能与实物不一致,质量难以保证 2.网上欺诈造成投诉困难 你的看法? 专题二 │ 新题预测

  注意:1.不要逐条翻译;2.词数120左右。

  参考词汇:投诉complain v./ complaint n. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  结束语 1.As can be seen from the chart, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.… 2.As is shown in the chart, the production last month rose so significantly… 3.Therefore, we need to educate our children, warning them of the dangers of playing with matches. 4.In conclusion, the upward trends suggest that more and more computer users will have access to Internet in the future. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  例3受某英文报的委托,你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息,用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好,但不计入总词数。 调查内容:在资讯、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中,学生最喜欢哪一种 调查范围:湖北省的10所中学 调查对象:高中生 调查人数:1200 调查方式:访谈 调查结果:(见下图) 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  Recently, a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.…

  One possible version:

  Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students

  Recently,a survey has been done to find out the reading_ interests of senior middle school students.

  In this survey, one thousand two hundred senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  1.认真阅读提示,彻底理顺思路

  做高考书面表达题时要认真阅读提示,弄清试题提供的所有信息,如情景、内容和要求。还需要考虑用哪种体裁,是记叙文、说明文、还是应用文;属于应用文中的书信、日记、通知、启事,还是便条。用哪一种人称来表述,选择什么时态。这样写出来的短文才能条理清晰。

  ? 探究点四 提纲式 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  2.一定要紧扣要点,合理遣词造句

  根据试题内容,列出要表达的要点,找出能体现要点的词、短语和句型,如果是应用文体,还应特别注意各种应用文的格式。造句时应做到尽量使用考纲中要求的词汇,句子宜短不宜长,句型宜简不宜繁,也要适当插入一些宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等复合句,以增强短文的逻辑性。尽可能学会套用现成的句式,拓宽遣词造句的思路,多运用一句多译,力求做到用自己熟练掌握的句式组织语言。

  第六部分 │ 题型探究

  3.精心谋篇润色,仔细核对检查

  写好之后,还应注意句与句之间、段与段之间的过渡,在需要的地方加上表示转折、因果、并列、比较、时间的过渡词或短语,如表示时间的副词有: next, then, later, at last;表示转折的连词有: but, yet, however;表示因果的连词有: so, since, because等,使文章更加自然、流畅。必要时分段也会使文章增色不少。检查也是不可缺少的重要环节,可以起到及时纠正错误,避免不必要的失分。具体做法是:通读几遍,看行文是否通顺,要点是否齐全,词数是否符合要求,体裁是否恰当,大小写、标点符号是否正确。 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  例4 [2011·陕西卷] 假定你是中学生李华。在一位名叫TigerMom的学生家长的博客上,你看到如下内容。请你根据博客内容、写作要点和要求,给这位家长回复。

  I’m the mother of a fourteen- year- old. I have a rule for my daughter:be among the top 5 students or get punished in one way or another. She has been doing very well in school,but some friends of mine keep telling me that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong? 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  写作要点:

  1.表明自己的看法;

  2.陈述自己的理由(可举例说明);

  3.提出至少两条建议。

  要求:

  1.短文须写在答题卡的指定区域;

  2.短文词数不少于100(不含已写好的部分);

  3.内容充实,结构完整,语意连贯;

  4.书写须清晰、工整。 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  Hi,Tiger Mom,

  What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________ One possible version: Hi,Tiger Mom,

  What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is that it is not quite right for you to do so. Although high grades are an important factor in evaluating students and for their future university admission, 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  development in wisdom,emotion,health,and life attitude should never be ignored. There are many examples around us. Some all- A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected. The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities. Furthermore,punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.

  第六部分 │ 题型探究

  So I suggest that you take your friends’ advice. More importantly,let her live like a lovely girl;let her have more friends and social activities;and let her make mistakes of her own as the teenagers often do.

  应试点睛 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  1.解题步骤 (1)认真审题,理解题意

  首先要看准文章的写作体裁后才能确定时态、人称、格式(因为不同文体的格式不同),然后再考虑语言,语气的运用。一般的记叙文,说明文,议论文等多用书面语;而应用文,如书信,口头通知,便条等多用口头语。记叙文、日记等一般可用过去时,而说明文、通知等一般要用一般现在时或将来时。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  如果是看图写文,看懂每幅图之间的联系至关重要。 根据每幅图写出一至两句话的要点,因为每年高考书面表达一般控制在10句话,120—150个词。

  (2) 连句成文 每句话写好后,用适当的连词连接起来,使上下文连贯,呼应,通顺,简洁。

  查错漏。完稿后,检查一下有没有时态,语态,拼写错误并逐一改正。

  第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  (3)书写规范,卷面干净

  任何一种形式的书面文字材料,都要求书写规范,拼写准确无误,字迹清晰,按书写规则大小写及移行正确。且记不要有“铁丝网、地雷、篱笆”之类的东西,卷面一定要讲究干净(不要用铅笔答题,要用圆珠笔、钢笔)。

  不同的书面表达形式有不同的格式,如书信、日记、通知等各有其特殊形式,都要按要求书写规范。 书写时除了注意移行规则外,还应注意字母写得圆润饱满,有15%左右的倾斜度,每行写10个单词左右,词与词的距离要小、行与行的距离稍大些,写10行左右,这样字段既符合要求,也显得短小精悍。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  同时,还要注意文章的开头和结尾要写好,要用最流行、最让人回味无穷的语言和语句去写,这样更会得到评卷老师的好感。 总之,书面表达必须在所提示的范围内,根据不同文体的特点和要求来解题,努力做到:要点全,句子通,条理清;指代确,时态呼应,格式标准,书写工整,卷面干净。当然 “冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”。因此,要写好书面表达,除了掌握一定的写作方法及技巧,还要特别注意平时知识的日益积累。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  平时要多读,多写,多记一些句型并掌握重点词汇的用法,多背诵一些优美的句子及范文。只有具备了一定语言基础知识和语言组织能力,积累大量的语言材料,再加上平时的强化训练,同学们的写作水平就一定会大大地提高,在高考中就一定会写出更好的文章来。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  2.遣词的原则

  使用高级词汇及短语, 如果仅仅记住几个简单的基础词汇,而且一味地重复低水平的英语知识点,还远远没有达到大学的入学要求。这就要求考生在平时的训练和考试当中,有意识地强化“复杂,高级”这两个概念,使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生的作文,使自己一下子就站在一个比别人高的位置上,充分显示自己的实力。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  3.造句的原则

  句式多变,语法活用。句子是表达一个完整意思的最小单位,所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动,形象,准确地表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达,必须从写好句子开始。

  第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  典型 段落 的构 成 主题句(the topic sentence) 说明或支持主题的推展句( supporting sentences) 结论句(the concluding sentence)(有些段落没有该部分)。

  4.段落组织原则

  段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思:或描写事物(describe something),或论证某事(argue about something),或对某事提出疑问(question something),或要求什么(demand something),或给事物下定义(define something),或驳斥某观点(reject something)。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  5.谋篇的原则

  满分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言单位如果只是被随意地整合,是无法达到有效表达的目的的。 常见的句子之间的连接手段有: 使用代词指代上一句中的名词、 重复使用上一句中的词、 使用连接词、 使用平行结构。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  高考大纲中常用的连接词语 种类 列举 表并列补充关系的 what is more, besides, also, as well, more-over, furthermore, in addition,not only…but also… 表转折对比、让步关系的 but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, here…there, this…that,on (the) one hand…on the other hand, some…others,… 表因果关系的 since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result,… 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  种类 列举 表条件关系的 if, on the condition (that), as/so long as, unless, or else,provided that,… 表时间关系的 when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval, now,presently,somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden,… 表特定的顺序关系 above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly,next, finally, in the end, at last,… 表换一种方式表达 in other words, that is to say, to put it another way,… 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  种类 列举 表举例说明 for instance, for example, like, such as,namely,… 表陈述事实 in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth, … 表总结 on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion,in summary, … 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  还有分词短语、复合句等。特别要注意谓语用什么基本时态以及前后的时态呼应,注意句子与句子之间的有机 联系,段落与段落之间的自然过渡。这样既能显示出你的写作水平,又能使文章层次清楚,文理通顺、结构严密紧凑,衔接自然。这样只要要点全,准确无误,语句通顺流畅那就是高水平、高档次的作文。

  十句作文揭秘

  十句作文法是有关专家总结出来的一种高分作文方法,考生在经过短期训练之后便可较大幅度地提高写作水平。其基本模式为: 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  1.第一段为开头,包括两句。第一句为主题句,点明全文主题;第二句为扩展句,进一步说明和支持主题句。两者关系也可倒过来,由第一句说明情况,第二句点明主题。

  2.第二段为正文,共七句。第三句为主题句,提出本段的主题,它应与第一段的主题相关或一致。第四至九句为扩展句,说明和支持本段的主题。句与句之间要注意过渡,以使段落逻辑合理,结构得当。 第六部分 │ 应试点睛

  3.第三段为结尾,简化为一句。也是全文的总结句, 它将前面的内容总结为一个结果,表明自己的论点。

  注意:要提高语言表达的档次,在句式运用上就不能一味地使用简单句和陈述句,而应该根据实际情况灵活运用所学的各种句式。丰富的句式有助于考生在高考中出类拔萃,赢得高分。

  专题一 记叙文型书面表达 专题一 记叙文型书面表达 专题导读 专题一 │ 专题导读 记叙文写作要点 1.明确五个“W”和一个“H” 要写好记叙文,首先必须确定写些什么,然后懂得如何收集、选取素材,而不能提笔就写,写到哪里算哪里。这里,我们可以借用资讯英语写作中经常用到的五个“W”和一个“H”的概念。即:What(什么事),Who(什么人), When (什么时候),Where(什么地点),Why(什么原因),How (怎么样)。尽管不是每篇英语记叙文都一定要将这些W和H包括进去,但 专题一 │ 专题导读 是,一方面,确定写作内容、收集写作素材必定要围绕这五个W和一个H进行;另一方面,一篇好的英语记叙文读后不应让读者还存有上述疑问。

  2.确定以第几人称以及何种顺序展开记叙

  一般来说,英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:第一人称和第三人称。第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行记叙;第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述,要根据具体情况合理选用。

  在用第一人称的记叙文中,不要过多地使用“I…”,“We…”这样的句型,以免给人单调乏味的感觉。在以第三人 专题一 │ 专题导读 称进行记叙时,要避免过多的评论,以至于失去记叙文的客观性。另一方面,确定了记叙视角后,不可再随意变来变去,以免破坏文章的连贯性,打乱读者的思路。

  在确定了记叙的视角后,还要确定以何种顺序展开记叙。在英语记叙文中,最常用的是按事情发生的时间顺序进行记叙。尽管有时采用不按时间顺序的倒叙、插叙等方法可以产生某种特定的效果,但就目前中学生的实际英语水平而言,最值得练习的还是以时间顺序展开的记叙方法;因为这种记叙顺序无论从时态,还是连接词、过渡词等方面都比较容易掌握。 专题一 │ 专题导读 3.在塑造人物、展开情节上下工夫 像写汉语记叙文一样,要写好英语记叙文也必须在塑造人物、展开情节上下工夫。我们记叙的任何事情都是要由人来进行的,人物塑造的好坏是衡量记叙文好坏的一个重要标准。因此,人物,特别是主要人物的动作、言语如何记叙表达都应该仔细推敲。另外,所述事情的情节展开也不能面面俱到地“报流水账”,而要突出重点,详略有致。还应该有意识地采用类似“设置悬念”、“前后呼应”等写作手法,以吸引读者的兴趣。 第六部分 书面表达

  考纲解读 第六部分 │ 考纲解读

  从历年的高考试题来看,书面表达是指导(限制)性的写作:即按照题目(或一段文字或/及一幅图画)所给的条件、内容、要求、时间、地点、在限制的词数(100-120或120-150不等)内,去完成写作。它不同于其他命题作文,可以随意发挥,也不是简单的翻译,而必须做到行文切题,紧扣中心思想,不漏要点,符合语法表达,并且意思连贯,文理通顺,语言准确得当。 命题分析 第六部分 │ 命题分析

  高考英语书面表达测试考生综合运用英语的能力,是高考的必考内容且有加大测试力度的趋势。分析近年高考英语书面表达如下: 1.选材贴近考生实际生活。所写内容皆为考生熟悉的内容,让考生有话可说,利于考生表达。 2.文体类型丰富。近年高考主要考查了记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文四种文体。尤其是自分省命题以来打破了应用文一统天下的局面,加强了对议论文和说明文的考查。 第六部分 │ 命题分析 3.命题形式多样,但相对稳定。题型主要为提供中文或英文提示的控制性作文,如:看图作文,图表作文(表格作文),以及提纲作文,但近三年还出现了以北京卷和上海卷为代表的开放作文。 高考英语书面表达题的考查要点: 1.准确运用语法、词汇、拼写、标点。 2.使用某些句型、短语,清楚地表达自己的意思。 3.写出易懂的短文。 第六部分 │ 命题分析 书面表达题的评分原则: 从四个角度,按5—6个档次给分,先选定档次,然后再作微调。词数是一个方面,不在这个范围内要扣分。评分时主要从以下几个方面考虑: 1.内容要点(content points)。 2.运用词汇和语法结构的数量——看潜能有多大。 3.词汇的准确应用与句子的结构把握(accuracy of vocabulary and structures) 4.上下文的连贯性(coherence)。 题型探究 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  表格式英语作文一般是在表格中给出一定的内容和情景,要求写一篇120词左右的短文。它属于控制型写作的范畴。历年高考都有此类型的作文,可算是高考作文类型中的“不倒翁”。表格式英语作文主要具备以下特点:

  1.题材涉及广泛,如人物介绍、地点介绍、资讯报道、生活话题及社会热门话题;体裁多种多样,包括应用文(书信、日记、通知、发言稿、寻物及招领启事等)、说明文、记叙文、议论文等。

  ? 探究点一 表格式 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  2.与看图作文不同,表格作文提示点一目了然,需要表达的信息一览无余。答题时无须花过多的时间去揣摩写作内容,要点一般不会遗漏。

  3.与汉语提示作文不同,表格中通常是以不完整的汉语句子(包括术语或概括性的短语)作为提示形式出现。这样既能够让考生获得命题人所要求的信息,又留给考生一定的发挥空间,因而要求考生具备很强的语言驾驭能力和语篇整合能力。

  第六部分 │ 题型探究

  1.表格作文写作指导

  步骤 做法 具体内容 第一步 审题,做到 “四确定”。 确定体裁格式; 确定主体时态; 确定中心人称; 确定内容要点。 第二步 拟定提纲,布局谋篇。 创造良好的开端; 丰富多彩的叙述; 巧妙适当的过渡; 自然完美的结尾。 第三步 词汇大搜索。 注意“参考词汇”的提示作用,遣词造句,行文成篇。 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  2.表格作文写作应注意的事项

  (1) 注意格式,避免填表式表达

  表格提示题虽然以表格作为提示形式,但要求以短文的形式(包括不同的文体)来表达。答题时应注意不同文体的格式,切忌将短文写成履历表。如: 话题 错误表达法 正确表达法 人物介绍 Name:Wang Shan

  Sex:female Age:16

  School:Bening Yangguang Middle School

  I’m Wang Shan, girl of sixteen, presently attending Bening Yangguang Middl School. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  话题 错误表达法 正确表达法 日记

  Time:March 12, Sunday Weather:fine Place:Dong Shan Mountain

  What:plant trees

  March 12,Sunday

  Fine It’s March 12,Tree- planting Day. Early in the morning, my classmates and I went to Dong Shan Mountain to plant trees…

  第六部分 │ 题型探究

  (2)灵活变通,避免生硬的翻译表达

  ①简单罗列类:表格中的汉语提示简洁凝练,概括性强,表达时切忌逐字逐句翻译,也忌简单或机械地罗列要点,必要时要灵活调整或进行适当的补充。如: 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  话题 机械表达

  灵活变通的表达 业余爱好:游泳、溜冰、集邮、流行音乐。 My hobbies are

  swimming, skating, collecting stamps, pop music.. In my spare time I enjoy listening to pop music and collecting stamps. My favorite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter 活动安排:白天,上课、做作业;晚上,做作 业。 In the day time, we take lessons and have to do our home work. In the evening, we have to do our homework. We have to go to school even at week-ends and do much homework both in the day time and in the evening. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

   

  ②直译类:表格中常出现抽象或复杂的汉语提示,这些提示往往以成语或经典谚语的形式出现,这时应善于变通,可采用转换手段将提示中的“雅词妙句”转换为通俗的汉语,然后用地道的英语表达。如:

  第六部分 │ 题型探究

  汉语句子 直译类 转换表达 《xx报》图文并茂,广为人知,深受青睐。 xx has interesting articles and colorful

  pictures. It is widely known and deeply loved by people. xx has interesting articles with colorful pictures. It is a well- known newspaper,

  which is very popular

  with students and

  English learners. 校园环境幽静,绿树成荫。 It is quiet in our school and there are a lot of trees in and around it. Our school is quiet with a lot of trees in and around it. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  ③汉语式英语。由于英语和汉语在语言结构上有很大的差异,部分同学受母语思维模式影响而写出不合规范或不合英语文化习惯的畸形英语。在用英语表达时一定要调整好语序,写出地道的英语句子。如:

  汉语句子 汉语式英语 地道表达 我们发现学好 英语是很困难的。 We find that to learn English well is difficult. We find it difficult to learn English well.

  呆在家里不能 亲身了解外界。 Staying at home (To stay at home) can not know the outside of the world. They will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world when staying at home. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  (3)注意衔接,避免单句式表达

  高考写作不同于单句翻译,部分同学在表达时只注意单个句子的完整性,而忽略了句与句之间的衔接以及整个语篇的连贯性。 原句:Many of us are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s convenient and comfortable. They can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  修正:Many of us are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenient and comfortable. What’s more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. 文章通过修正,巧妙地使用了过渡成分。这样,文段前后连贯,结构紧凑,收到了满意的效果。

  (4)注意写作顺序,避免模式性表达

  表达时切忌千篇一律,不要完全按照表格内容出现的先后顺序来写,应从语篇角度统筹安排要表达的内容,必要时在表达顺序上作适当调整,目的是使全文重点突出,通顺连贯。

  第六部分 │ 题型探究

  例1 [2011·重庆卷] 某国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募“动物代言人”,希望申请者选择一种自己喜欢的动物,为之代言(speak for)。假设你是重庆新华中学的学生李华,有意参与该活动。现请你用英文在线填写申请表(仅需填写“申请陈述”部分),内容如下: ·表示有意参加 ·说明自己富有爱心、关爱动物 ·打算为何种动物代言,并说明理由 ·希望申请成功 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  Application Form(申请表) Name(姓名) Li Hua Sex(性别) F/M Age(年龄) 18 Email Add.(电子邮件地址) lihua@xinhuaschool.com Statement of Application (申请陈述) I am a student from Xinhua Middle School in Chongqing,China.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  注意:

  (1)词数100左右;

  (2)“申请陈述”的第一句已经给出,不计入总词数。 One possible version:

  I am a student from Xinhua Middle School in Chongqing, China. I have learned that you are picking out some students from all over the world to speak for animals. I’d like to be one.

  First of all, being kind-hearted and fond of animals, I’m confident that I can do the job well. In addition, I’m expert in oral English, which makes it easy for me to speak for animals and convenient to communicate with others. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  My application for this is to speak for Chinese pandas. Being clumsy and lovely, the black and white animals are popular with everyone. With so few left in the wild, I’ll appeal to everyone in the world to protect them. I wish to be given the chance to do something for our animals. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  看图进行书面表达的基本要求是:认真审图,确立主题,提炼要点,展开联想,变点为句,连句成篇。 要达到这些要求,我们就必须认真审图,善于利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所,以及图中的文字说明和标识来提炼要点;要围绕主题展开合理的想象,切忌游离于主题之外展开不着边际的联想。 ? 探究点二 图画式 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  方法指导五步法 方法 具体内容 “五到位” 仔细 审题 包括文体、人称、时态。 理解到位:整体把握一组图的连贯性及题目要求。 归纳 要点 保证文章内容的完整。 基础到位:用简单句写出每幅图的主题句。 扩展 成句 注意英语的习惯表达,根据提纲扩展句子。 细节到位:注意每幅图的次要内容(时间,地点,方式,原因等)。 连句 成篇 利用一些表示转折、因果、选择等关系的关联词和过渡句,把句子连接起来。 表达到位:按情节发展先后,承上启下整理成文。 全面 检查 格式、文体、要点、语法、词数等。 检查到位:对照各幅图,检查全文定稿。 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  常用句型 1.One day / The other day / A couple of days ago / While he was…,he… 2.It was snowing /raining heavily on Monday /Sunday morning …when … 3.The picture sets me thinking deeply… 4.From the picture,we can see … 5.It is really an unforgettable day … 6.As is shown / indicated in the picture, … 7.After seeing the picture,I was greatly shocked by … 8.This is a funny and instructive picture. In the picture, a young man … 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  9.We can learn from the picture that … 10.The picture shows that… 11.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life… 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  2 [2011·湖南卷]

  假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛,请按如下要求完成一篇短文: 1.简要描述下图内容,并点明主题; 2.联系实际,表达该图带给你的启示。 第三部分 │ 题型探究

  注意:1.词数不少于120个;

  2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。 One possible version:

  As can be seen from the picture,when drops of water accumulate,they can form the sea;trees added together can make the forest,and the human society is formed by every individual or family. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

   

  The picture conveys an important message to us.That is,as human society is made up of every individual,it is our responsibility to make as much effort as possible to make our society a good place to live in. As a matter of fact,every individual has his uniqueness and every individual has something in common with others as well. Learning from each other,we can bring richness to our quality and we can live a harmonious life. That is what all the people expect,I am sure. 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  图表类作文要求考生通过对数据或文字内容进行分析,准确地表达内容,然后得出令人信服的结论。 ? 探究点三 图表式

  图表 类作 文有 以下 趋势

  一般是说明文或议论文,如是议论文多采用三段式; 信息可适当发挥,但不可离题万里; 讲究写作技巧,注意要点词间的逻辑关系。 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  图表作文多以说明文和议论文为主,这要求考生根据所给的图表、数据及标题进行分析、研究,阅读其中的文字和说明,弄清各种信息之间的关系,提炼和确定出文章的中心思想。然后进行分析、概括和归纳。注意:(1)图表和数据内容不必全部描述。(2)善于抓住整体上的规律,趋势,归纳增减率。 (3)时态:特定时间用过去时,经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。 图表 作文 形式 数字表:曲线图(line graph) 表格

  (table)

  图形表:饼状图(pie chart) 条状图(bar chart) 第六部分 │ 题型探究

  常用句式与结束语

  句式

  1.The table shows (indicates) that a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad.

  2.As we can see from the graph that the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003.…

  3.From the table we can find out that only 35% of the people join in physical activities.…

  4.According to Chart I, the number was ten times as many as it in 1995.

  5.Compared with the boys, the girls show more interested in chatting.

  6.The number of the boys playing games is much larger than that of the girls.

  7.…is equal to that of…

  8.It doubled the number of last year.

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