2016届湖南长沙市高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（65）（含答案）

　　湖南长沙市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练（65）及答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.

　　The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.

　　Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.

　　So trade­offs will have to be made. Some scenic sports will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.

　　The lasting effects of these trade­offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.

　　The money set aside in negotiated

　　trade­offs and the institution that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let's remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.

　　本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响。

　　1．What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

　　A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.

　　B. Some railroad stops remained underused.

　　C. Land in the West was hard to manage.

　　D. Land grants went into private hands.

　　答案：C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“...and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。A项是修建公路的影响；B项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；D项原文未说。

　　．What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?

　　A. The transmission of power.

　　B. The use of money and power.

　　C. The conservation of solar energy.

　　D. The selection of an ideal place.

　　答案：B。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。

　　．What is the author's attitude towards building solar plants?

　　A. Cautious.

　　B. Approving.

　　C. Doubtful.

　　D. Disapproving.

　　答案：A。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“So let's remember the effects of the railroads and the highroads as we construct these new power plants in the West.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。

　　．Which is the best title for the passage?

　　A. How the Railways Have Affected the West

　　B. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West

　　C. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced

　　D. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

　　答案：B。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。For thousands of years, mankind has produced plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and animals. For example, modern com has been produced to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk and if they are not often emptied of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Besides, most dogs raised by people can not survive in the wild even with special training.

　　Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective production programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already taken a back seat to mankind’s production programs. In addition, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For example, there are no more European wolves in existence and mammoths (猛犸象) probably died out because of mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently got rid of from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon be too. Again, natural evolution did i»t cause most of the destruction during man’s rule of the world.

　　Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than natural evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be created and destroyed by mankind, while natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only accidentally. Scientists are even able to replace defective (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes to attempt to cure genetic defects. This is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct.

　　Eventually scientists will even be able to improve the quality of people. For example, imagine not only correcting your eyesight with gene treatment, but also ensuring that all of your children do not receive your old genes of poor eyesight too. Scientists will one day be able to improve the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize (订制) babies before they are born just like picking options at a car store.

　　1.According to the first paragraph,______ .

　　　A. man-made evolution has improved all species

　　　B. man-made evolution has weakened some species

　　　C man-made evolution can make up for all natural losses

　　D. natural evolution won’t happen without man’s assistance

　　2. What does the underlined part “taken a back seat to” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　　A. Become powerful assistance to.

　　B. Become a huge barrier to.

　　　C Speeded up the process of.

　　D. Played a less important role than.

　　3 What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

　　　A. Why natural evolution happens so slowly.

　　　B. The way scientists adopt to have genetic defects repaired.

　　　C. The advantages of man-made evolution over natural evolution.

　　　D. How scientists make use of man-made evolution to create new species.

　　BDC

　　2016高考英语阅读理解集训阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 After fighting cancer for 13 years, my grandfather became ill enough to be admitted to

　　hospital. One morning, he was having trouble breathing, but continued to silently hold my

　　hand. I kept forgetting his special request that grandpa wanted me to fetch a New Year card that my late grandmother had given him on their last anniversary together. He used the card as

　　a bookmark in his Bible.

　　I just knew that I had to fetch his much-loved and much-requested gift. Leaving my

　　grandpa at his bedside, I rushed home. Jumping back into my car with the card in my hand,

　　was depressed when the car wouldn't start. I quickly ran to the nearest bus stop. As I waited

　　there, out of breath, I looked in my purse only to find a $20 note and 50 cents in change.

　　A short while later, a bus appeared. I quickly got on and offered the driver the $20 note To my amazement, he told me

　　that he had no change and that I had to get off and wait for the next bus. I was horrified.

　　A few minutes later, another bus came.