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2016届高考英语二轮专题热点集训:专题3 形容词和副词

发布时间:2017-01-19  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  专题三

  形容词和副词

  【命题趋势探秘】

  命题

  规律 考查内容 形容词和副词的基本用法和辨析 形容词、副词的等级比较 形容词、副词的倍数和分数的表达 形容词/副词的固定搭配

  考查热度 ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆ ☆☆☆

  考查题型 语法填空,单项填空,完形填空,短文改错 语法填空,单项填空,短文改错 语法填空,单项填空,短文改错 语法填空,单项填空,完形填空,短文改错

  所占分值 1—3分 1—3分 1—3分 1—3分

  命题

  趋势

  高考试题对形容词/副词的考查主要出现在单项填空、语法填空、完形填空和短文改错中,考查内容包括:

  1.形容词、副词的词义辨析:主要考查考试大纲要求掌握的形容词、副词词义辨析,包括近义词的辨析、形容词/副词的固定搭配与短语、根据句义考查词语的基本含义等,侧重考查考生的句意理解能力,以及教材词汇的熟练掌握。

  2.形容词、副词的等级比较,包括平级、比较级和最高级,以及各种常见的形容词、副词句型结构;

  3.常用的形容词和副词的倍数与分数表达法

  4.形容词、副词构成的固定搭配、习惯用语,常见形容词和副词的基本用法,以及rather than, more than,quite,so/such,too等副词的搭配和应用。

  【高频考点聚焦】

  ◇考点1形容词和副词的基本用法和辨析

  【基础知识梳理】

  1.形容词、副词的词义识记

  从近年高考试题看,对形容词和副词词义辨析的考查是形容词、副词考点的重要考查内容,试题主要从固定搭配、近义词辨析、词缀的灵活运用等方面寻找命题点,侧重考查考生的句意理解能力,以及教材词汇的熟练掌握。

  复习备考中,注意下面几组常见的词义相近的形容词或副词,重点关注的应该是其含义。

  1)tight, fast, tense

  tight adj. 牢固的,难解开的;装满的;填满的;忙碌的

  fast adj. 快的,迅速的,adv. 迅速地;紧紧地

  tense 紧张的;绷紧的

  My schedule is very tight right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.我现在的日程安排很紧张,但是我会尽量给你安排。(高考例句)

  Hearing the noise again, she felt tense. 她再次听到那个声音就紧张起来。

  The boat was stuck fast in the mud. 那船深深地陷在泥里。

  2)abundant, adequate, appropriate, accurate

  abundant adj.丰富的,丰富的;充足的;富裕的abundantly adv.大量地

  adequate adj. 足够的;胜任的;适当的;差强人意的 adequately adv.足够地;适当地

  appropriate adj.恰当的,合适的appropriately adv.恰当地,恰好

  accurate adj.(信息、报道、描述等)准确的,(计算、记录等)精确的accurately adv.准确地,精确地

  We have abundant proof of his guilt. 我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。

  Your work is adequate but I'm sure you could do better. 你的工作做得不错, 但是我肯定你还能做得更好。

  His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. 他郑重其事的讲话方式适合于那个场合。

  His description was accurate. 他的叙述很正确。

  3)common,popular,ordinary,general,usual,normal

  common adj. 普遍的,一般的,大众的(通常指空间概念,如“随处可见的,公用的”)

  usual adj. 通常的,往常的(指时间概念的“和以往一样”)

  ordinary adj. 普通的,平凡的,不出众的

  general adj. 一般的,总体的,大体的

  normal adj. 正常的,正规的,常态的

  popular adj. 大众的,受欢迎的;受某人欢迎的

  Pine trees are common throughout the world. 松树在世界各处都很常见。

  As is usual with children, they soon got tired. 孩子们一贯如此, 他们很快就厌倦了。

  In the ordinary way he would have come with us, but he's not feeling well. 在一般情况下他都和我们一起来, 只是他现在身体不太好。

  Once quite rare, they are now in general use, ie used by most people. 那些东西一度非常罕见, 现在已普遍使用。

  Jogging is a popular form of exercise. 慢跑是一种十分普及的体育活动。

  4)particular, specially, especially

  particular adj.特定的,具体的;非一般的particularly adv.尤其,特别(表示在共同的基础上再加以强调)

  special adj. 特殊的;特别的(表示别人/物没有的,与众不同);专门的;特设的

  specially adv.特别地

  especial adj. 特别的;突出的especially adv.与particularly含义相同

  Is there any particular colour you would prefer? 你有什么特别喜欢的颜色吗?

  What are your special interests? 你有些什么特别爱好?

  I love the country, especially in spring. 我喜爱乡村, 尤其是在春天。

  5)curious, reasonable, grateful

  curious adj. 好奇的

  curiously adv. 好奇地

  reasonable adj. 讲理的,明事理的 reasonably adv. 有理地;合理地

  grateful adj. 感激的,感谢的 gratefully adv.感激地,感谢地

  People have always been curious about exactly how life on earth began. 对于地球上的生命是如何起源的,人们总是很好奇。

  Be reasonable — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time. 要讲道理,你不能指望她一个人干所有的工作。 (高考例句) I’m sure that your letter will get immediate attention.They know you’re waiting for the reply.我相信你的信会马上就得到重视的,他们知道你在等待答复。(高考例句)

  2.几组常见的不加ly的副词加ly之后的含义区别

  英语有些形容词可直接用作副词,而这些形容词在加了后缀-ly之后也构成副词。这些词有一个共同的特点,那就是不加ly的副词与其形容词表达的含义是一样的,而加了ly之后的副词,其词义发生了改变。

  词汇 含义 例句

  deep 表示具体的深浅程度 He was deep in thought.他陷入深思中。

  deeply 用于比喻场合,表示“非常地”,或与情感动词搭配表示“深深地” Don’t be nervous! Lie down and breathe deeply.别紧张,躺下,做深呼吸。

  hard 努力地;费劲地;困难地; 辛劳地 Our victory was hard won. 我们的胜利来之不易.

  He tried hard to succeed.他努力争取成功。

  hardly 刚刚;几乎没有; 几乎不 We had hardly begun/Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain. 我们刚一举步就下起雨来了。

  high 高;高高地 An eagle circled high overhead. 一只鹰在高空盘旋。

  He never got very high in the company. 他在公司里所担任的职务, 从来就不是很高的。

  highly 高度地,极,非常 The teacher spoke highly of such virtues as honesty and courage shown by his students.老师高度赞扬他的学生表现出的诚实和勇气这些美德。

  wide 表示距离宽或程度大 He always opened the window wide at night.他在夜晚总是把窗户敞开着。

  widely 广泛地 Never has there been a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English.从来没有哪种语言像英语这样有如此多的人在广泛运用。

  late 晚;迟 I sat up late last night. 昨晚我一直呆到深夜。

  lately 最近,不久前 It's only lately that she's been well enough to go out. 她最近才好多了,可以出去走走了。

  close 接近地 They live quite close. 他们住得很近。

  closely 接近地;紧密地;密切地 The two events are closely connected.这两件事有密切的联系。

  【核心考点讲练】

  常考副词的分类

  根据其形态、意义和语法功能,副词可分为很多种类,根据高考英语对副词的考查,这里介绍某几类副词。

  1)常见的时间副词

  表示确切时间:today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight等;

  表示不确切时间:recently, nowadays, still, already, immediately, just, finally等;

  表示时间顺序:now, ago, before, later, first, then, next, soon等。如:

  Thank you for your MP4 player. I’ll get Mary to take it to you soon.谢谢你的MP4播放器,我马上就让玛丽还给你。(高考例句)

  2)地点副词:常见的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, upstairs, downstairs等。如:

  The thought of going back home was all that kept him happy while he was working abroad.他在国外工作的那段时间,只有回家的念头能让他快乐。(高考例句)

  3)方式副词:表示行为方式的副词大多以-ly结尾,常见的有quietly, heavily, warmly, carefully, happily, politely, angrily等。如:

  Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.小船如果操作不慎就很容易翻船。(高考例句)

  4)频度副词:常见的有always, usually, often, frequently, constantly, occasionally, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never等。

  Sometimes he gets up early.他有时起得早。

  5)程度副词:常见的有absolutely,almost,enormously,enough,entirely, extremely, fairly, fully, greatly, largely,little, much,nearly, pretty,quite, rather, really,slightly, totally, very,completely, highly,deeply等。如:

  The film was quite good.这个电影不错。

  6)焦点副词:就是通过强调使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词,常见的有:only, alone, also, even, just, merely, simply, mainly, especially, exactly, too, as well等。如:

  Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案

  7)连接副词:这类副词有相当于并列连词的therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, furthermore, still, thus, meanwhile等,也有引导名词性从句或不定式的when, why, where, how等。如:

  I don’t want to go out now, and besides, I must work.我现在不想出去,而且我还得工作。

  8)关系副词:就是引导定语从句的when, where, why等。如:

  This is the factory where his father works.这就是他父亲工作的那家工厂。

  9)疑问副词:就是用于引出特殊疑问句的when, where, why, how等。如:

  When will he be back?他什么时候回来?

  10)句子副词:就是修饰整个句子,表达说话人的观点态度的副词,常见的有frankly, honestly, clearly, obviously, evidently, generally, briefly, fortunately, luckily, unexpectedly, naturally, hopefully等。如:

  Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.说实在的,我对你的工作不满意。

  【典例1】(2015·福建)It was

  of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

  A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. generous

  解析:careless粗心的;considerate考虑周到的;patient耐心的;generous慷慨的,大方的。根据句意:Michael考虑地周到,他告诉我们他回来晚,以免我们担心。根据题干中的in case we got worried判断应是Michael应是考虑周到的。故选B。

  答案:B

  【典例2】(2016·新课标全国卷I)The river was so polluted that it ____62____(actual)caught fire and burned.

  解析:句意:这条河流被污染得太严重了,以至于它着火并且燃烧起来。本空需要用提示词的副词形式作状语,而提示词是形容词actual,此时应该在形容词后面加上词缀-ly将形容词变为副词。

  答案:actually

  【技巧点拨】形容词转化为副词的规律

  1) 规则变化

  范围 变化规则 例词

  大部分形容词 加-ly careless→carelessly,quiet→quietly, different→

  differently, quick →quickly, safe→safely

  以le结尾的形容词 变le为ly possible→possibly, terrible→ terribly, comfortable

  →comfortably

  以y结尾的形容词 变y为ily easy→easily, angry→angrily, noisy→noisily

  但shy的副词形式为shyly

  2) 不规则变化

  范围 例词

  形容词副词同形 fast→fast, early→early, high→high, far→far, enough→ enough

  形容词和副词为完全不同的单词 good → well

  需要去掉字母e的单词 true→ truly

  以ly结尾的形容词不能直接用来修饰动词 friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely

  ◇考点2形容词、副词的等级比较

  【基础知识梳理】

  高考单项选择、语法填空以及短文改错试题对形容词、副词的句法知识的考查主要集中在下面几个方面:

  1.形容词、副词的等级比较,包括平级、比较级和最高级,以及各种常见的形容词、副词句型结构;

  2.形容词、副词的倍数与分数表达法

  3.形容词、副词构成的固定搭配、习惯用语,常见形容词和副词的基本用法,比如对rather than, more than等,以及quite,so/such,too等副词的搭配和应用。

  【核心考点讲练】

  一.原级(同级)、比较级与最高级的用法

  1.原级(同级)比较结构的用法

  肯定句用“as+形容词/副词的原形+as”结构,否定句用“not as/so +形容词/副词的原形+ as”结构,表示相比较的两者情况一样或不(那么)一样。如:

  He speaks English indeed, but of course not so fluently as a native speaker.他的确是讲英语,不过,当然不如英语本族人讲得流利。

  【注意】

  1)该结构中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词;在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格,有时用宾格。

  2)as … as 的结构中,如果第一个as/so后有形容词,还有单数/复数可数名词及不可数名词,我们还应分别采用这样三种句型:“as/so+形容词+a (an)+单数可数名词+as”,“as/so+形容词(little, much,…) +不可数名词+ as”和“as/so+形容词(few, many,…)+复数可数名词+ as”。如:

  She has as sweet a voice as her mother.她的声音像她妈妈的一样甜美。

  2.比较级的用法

  1)比较级的单独使用

  比较级有时可以单独使用,其比较对象暗含在句中。如:

  Will you please speak more slowly? 请讲慢一点,好吗?

  2) 用as much A as B及more A than B表示“既……又”和“与其说是A,不如说是B”。

  It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

  He is more shy than impolite. 与其说他是没有礼貌,倒不如说他是害羞。

  注意:

  1)在用more A than B表示同一个人或物不同方面的比较时,不管是单音节还是多音节的形容词/副词,都用more而不在形容词或副词后加er构成比较级。

  2)as、than引导的比较状语从句的谓语如果与主句的谓语是同一个动词时,从句多用助动词do,以避免重复。

  He has more friends here than I do.他在这里的朋友比我的朋友多。

  3)“no+比较级+than…”与“not+比较级+than…”

  “no+比较级+than…’”表示“前者和后者一样都不……”,是对两者的共同否定,相当于neither…nor…或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”。而“not+比较级+than…”表示“前者不比后者更……”,相当于not as…as。如:

  His English is no better than mine. 他的英语同我的英语一样不好。(即一样差)

  His English is not better than mine. 他的英语不如我的英语好。

  4)the+比较级,the+比较级

  这种句式表示“越……就越……”,前者相当于一个条件句,因此,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:

  The harder you work,the better you’ll learn. 你越努力,学得就越好。

  5)比较级+ and+比较级

  单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and+-er ”, 多音节形容词或副词用“more and more” 或“less and less”,表示“越来越……”。如:

  It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越困难了。

  6)表示“两者中较……的那个人或物”时,用“the+比较级+of the two…”结构。如:

  Of the two workers, she is the more promising. 她是两人之中更有培养前途的工人。

  7)不定冠词+比较级+单数可数名词,表示没有具体限定的“一个更……的”。如:

  Robert went to another company, hoping to get a better job.罗伯特想找一个更好的工作,于是就换到另外一家公司。

  二.最高级的表达与用法

  1.最高级是表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高的比较方式,用“the+形容词/副词最高级(+名词)+表示范围的短语或从句”,副词最高级前的定冠词the可以省略。如:

  He is the tallest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩中最高的。

  Benson talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class. 本森是他班上说得最少干得最多的。

  2)用比较级或原级表示最高级意义

  英语中可用原级或比较级句型表示最高级的含义,较为常见的有下列几种形式:

    

  ① no/nobody/nothing… + so + 原级 + as…

    No other boy in his class is so tall as he.班上没有别的男孩比他个子高。

  ②否定句中使用比较级

  How beautifully she sings! I’ve never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好啊!这是我听到的最美的歌喉。

  We can't have a worse day. 今天真是再糟不过了。(最糟糕的一天)

  ③比较级 + than + the other + 复数名词/ + any other + 单数名词/ + any of the other + 复数名词

  China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。

  ④比较级 + than + anything/ anyone else

  Tom cared more for money than for anything else 汤姆最喜欢钱。

  【典例1】(2016·课标全国卷I)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is___66_____(clean) than ever.

  解析:句意:最后,这些艰苦的工作得到了回报,如今河水比以往更干净了。根据语境的than ever看,本空考查形容词比较级,因此本空填提示形容词的比较级形式cleaner。

  答案:cleaner

  【典例2】(2016·辽宁)This is by far_______movie that I have ever seen.

  A. an inspiring

  B. a much inspiring

  C. the most inspiring D. the more inspiring

  解析:句意:这是我到目前为止看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。当形容词前面有by far修饰时,形容词要使用最高级或比较级,又因为本题中有范围提示“that I have ever seen”,故应该采用最高级。又如:Books are by far the most lasting products of human effort.书籍是人类最持久的财富。

  答案:C

  【技巧点拨】修饰形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的常用词

  修饰比较级表示程度的常见词或者词组有:many, much, far, even, still, yet, no, a lot , a great/good deal, a little, a bit, slightly等。

  用法:以上的词或词组(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

  The situation is much more serious than we had thought.局面比我们事先想到的要严重许多。

  no+比较级往往不是表示比较的含义,而是用来加强语气。

  Actually, I can do it no worse than you.真的,我做得肯定不比你差。(=as well as)

  In no more than two minutes, he went back to the same spot.才两分钟,他又回到原先的位置。(=only)

  可以用下面这些词或者词组修饰最高级:序数词, much, by far, nearly, almost, mostly, not quite等词。

  Africa is the second largest continent in the world.

  The pacific is by far the largest of the four oceans.

  This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

  ◇考点3形容词、副词的倍数和分数的表达

  【基础知识梳理】

  1.形容词及副词倍数表达的常用结构

  2.形容词及副词分数的表达

  【核心考点讲练】

  1.常见的倍数表达:

  1)…times as+形容词/副词原级+as…

  The new bridge is three times as wide as the one built last year.这座桥是去年建造的那座桥宽度的三倍。

  2)…times +形容词/副词比较级+than…

  I collected three times more money than he did for the Hope Project the day before yesterday.前天,为希望工程募捐的时候,我募集的钱是他募集钱数的三倍。

  注意:这两个句型,“倍数词+原级比较的as…as”与“倍数词+比较级”表达的含义是一样的,如:

  This room is three times as big as that one. (=three times bigger than)

  如果是分数词而不是倍数词,则两个结构的含义不同:

  This room is one third bigger than that one.这个房间比那个房间大三分之一。

  This room is one third as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的三分之一。

  另外,倍数比较结构中,后面一个被比较的对象在一定的语境中可以省略掉。

  This room is one third as big.

  3)...times+the+名词(size, height, weight, length, width)+of

  Hit by a hammer, my foot became 3 times the normal size.我的脚被铁锤打了,现在肿得比正常情况大三倍。

  4) .... times+more+名词(可数, 不可数)+than...

  There are four times more books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆的藏书是你们图书馆的4倍。

  5)The+名词+be+…times+(as+形容词+as+)what从句

  Business has been going well in this factory. This year’s production is five times what it was ten years ago.这家工厂的生意一直很景气,今年的产量是10年前的5倍。

  6)The+名词+be+…times+that/those of+…

  Business has been going well in this factory. This year’s production is five times that of ten years ago.这家工厂的生意一直很景气,今年的产量是10年前的5倍。

  7)倍数词前面还可以根据句意,加上more than,a little more than, less than等词修饰,表示“X倍多”等含义。

  2. 倍数、分数、百分数等表示数量的词常放在比较级前表示具体差别。

  The room is two-fifths smaller than yours. 这间房比你那间小五分之二。

  Cotton output is 57 percent higher than last year. 棉花产量比去年高百分之五十七。

  “by+具体的数量词”常放在句未表示具体差别。

  He arrived here later than you by an hour. 他比你晚一小时到这儿。

  This street is wider than that one by two metres. 这条街比那条街宽2米。

  3. 1)不定冠词+比较级+单数可数名词,表示没有具体限定的“一个更……的”。如:

  Robert shifted to another company, hoping to get a better job.Robert想找一个更好的工作,于是就换到另外一家公司。

  Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss. 史蒂文森先生是一个让人愿意为其工作的人——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。(高考例句)

  2)can not/couldn’t+比较级,这个结构不表示比较,而是表示“非常,很”,或表示一个最高级的概念。

  I can't be better today. 我今天感觉再好不过了。

  I can't agree more with you.我完全同意你。(再同意不过了)

  We can't have a worse day. 今天真是再糟不过了。(最糟糕的一天)

  用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外,还有no, never, nothing等。例如:

  This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。

  She's never better.她现在最好不过了。(或:她比以往任何时候都好。)

  3)can not…enough/too much 再……也不为过

  I can not thank you enough.太感谢你了。

  You can never be too careful when crossing the street.过马路时越小心越好。

  4) not anywhere/nowhere near:certainly not; far from 绝无,肯定不,离得远;差得远

  The hall was nowhere near full. 那大厅远未满座。

  It's nowhere near the colour I'm looking for. 这种颜色跟我找的那种差远了。

  We only had $100 and that was nowhere near enough to buy a new computer. 我们只有100美元,这离买一台新电脑的钱差得远着呢。 (高考例句)

  【典例1】(2016·安徽)It’s said that the power plant is now

  large as what it was.

  A. twice as B. as twice

  C. twice much D. much twice

  解析:句意:据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。从句子结构和选项可以看出,本题考查倍数的表达,题干有as,因此这里用“倍数+as...as”结构,因此选A。

  答案:A

  【技巧点拨】表示倍数时,用“倍数词+as…as”、“倍数词+more…than”、“倍数词+the size/amount/length,etc of+另外一个被比较的对象”,或者用“倍数词+the size/amount/length,etc of+what引导的宾语从句”。

  【典例2】(高考例题)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will _____ the present one.

  A. as three times big as

  B. three times as big as

  C. as big as three times D. as big three times as

  解析:句意:正在为下一届亚运会修建的新体育场将是现在这个的三倍。倍数的表达用“倍数词+as+形容词+as+另外一个比较对象”。故B项正确。

  答案:B

  【技巧点拨】 解答倍数比较试题时要注意掌握倍数表达的常见结构,以选出正确答案。

  ◇考点4形容词/副词的固定搭配

  【基础知识梳理】

  形容词、副词与其他词类构成的固定短语

  英语中有很多形容词或副词接介词短语构成固定搭配,这需要我们在复习中进行总结和归纳。常见的形容词搭配有:

  1)形容词+表示目的、原因、用途和意图等意义的介词for,to, after等。如be fit for, be anxious for,famous for, sorry for(about), eager for (about), greedy for, bound for, unfit for等。

  2)形容词+表示原因、动机等意义的介词of, about等。如be afraid of, fond of,empty of, short of, sure of(about), certain of(about), suspicious of, independent of等。

  3)表示人的情绪、态度或身体感觉、状态意义的形容词+介词with, at等。如be pleased with, be strict with, busy with, short with, delighted with (at) , content with, satisfied with等。

  4)形容词+表示范围意义的介词at, in, on等。如be interested in, be good at, active in, pale in, weak in, useful at, strict in等。

  5)形容词+表示距离、起源等意义的介词from。如be different from, far from等。

  【核心考点讲练】

  含有比较级和最高级的习惯用语的几个有用习语

  more or less几乎,差不多,大约,或多或少

  sooner or later迟早,早晚,总有一天

  what’s more而且,此外,还有,更有甚者

  no sooner…than…一……就……

  once more再一次

  more than超过,非常

  other than除……以外

  rather than而不是

  more than once不止一次

  one more再来一个

  no longer不再

  do (try) one's best尽力而为

  at (the) least至少

  at (the) most至多

  at (the) worst最坏不过

  at (the) latest最迟不过

  at best充其量不过

  make the most/best of 尽量利用

  Try not to cough more than you can help since it may cause problems to your lungs.能控制就尽量不要咳嗽,因为这会给你的肺部带来麻烦。(高考例句)

  The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.除了你本人,任何人不能填写这张表格。(高考例句)

  It took more than building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.修建这些节能房屋不仅需要建筑材料,还需要有聪明才智。(高考例句)

  【典例1】(2016·浙江)Facing up to your problem ____ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.

  A. more than

  B. rather than

  C. along with

  D.or rather

  解析:句意:勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决问题的最好办法。more than“不多于,不仅仅是”;rather than“而不是”;along with“跟……一起”;or rather“更确切地说”。语境表示“面对困难而不是逃避困难”,因此选B。

  答案:B

  【典例2】(2016·安徽)What we expect from you is working hard

  hardly working.

  A. less than

  B. rather than C. as well as

  D. as much as

  解析:句意:我们希望你努力工作,而不是几乎不做事。语境表示“是……而不是”,用rather than表示“而不是”,因此选B。

  答案:B

  【技巧点拨】

  形容词、副词的固定搭配,以及对形容词、副词的词义识记是高考考查的重要考点,我们要注意掌握常用的显然车副词搭配,加强单词的记忆。

  专题热点集训2形容词和副词

  (45分钟)

  I. 单项填空

  1.(2015·浙江)Listening is thus an active, not a

  , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.

  A. considerate

  B. sensitive

  C. reliable

  D. passive

  2.(2015·浙江)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was

  alive.

  A. steadily

  B. instantly

  C. formerly

  D. permanently

  3.(2016·浙江)Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.

  A. strict

  B. sympathetic

  C. stubborn

  D. sensitive

  4.(2016·湖北)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a____smile and let him go.

  A. cautious B. grateful

  C. tolerant D. wild

  5.(2016·浙江)Mary worked here as a ____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.

  A. pessimistic

  B. temporary

  C. previous

  D. cautious

  6.(2016·上海)It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.

  A. charming French small

  B. French small charming

  C. small French charming

  D. charming small French

  7.(2016·安徽)David is

  animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.

  A. curious about

  B. allergic to

  C. satisfied with

  D. fond of

  8.(2016·江西)There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______ twenty.

  A. as few as

  B. as little as

  C. as many as

  D. as much as

  9.(2015·福建)It was

  of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

  A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. generous

  10.(2011·全国II) Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a _______boss.

  A. better

  B. good

  C. best

  D. still better

  II. 完形填空

  (2015·湖北)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

  “Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty_11__left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was_12__. The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers__13_money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a__14_for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He_15__as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.

  “You don’t know the __16_of selling papers. You must shout, “Hot news! Bomb bursting!” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “_17__it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly__18__they have time to see, and you’ll __19_ out and get your money, ”Chad said.

  It was a new _20__to Jason. He thought of his bird with no__21_and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was__12_that he would not tell a lie. Though he was _23__ a poor newsboy, he had been_24__ some good things.

  The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers_25__. Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a__26_smile that he sold six dozen the day before. He added that Jason__27_money because he would not tell a lie. The boy _28__at Jason. “You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday, my boy?” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder__29_.”You’re just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new__30_. He lost sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.

  11.A.shops

  B. coins

  C .people

  D. papers

  12.A.open

  B. heavy

  C. pure

  D. weak

  13.A.instead of

  B. in return for

  C. regardless of

  D. in exchange for

  14.A.cup

  B. card

  C. comb

  D. cake

  15.A.gave in

  B. broke down

  C. got away

  D. showed up

  16.A.difficulty

  B. process

  C. goal

  D. secret

  17.A.And

  B. But

  C. For

  D. So

  18.A.before

  B. since

  C. though

  D. unless

  19.A.call

  B. drop

  C. sell

  D. reach

  20.A.edition

  B. idea

  C. policy

  D. task

  21.A.bread

  B. insects

  C. seeds

  D. water

  22.A.concerned

  B. amazed

  C. excited

  D. determined

  23.A.still

  B. already

  C. just

  D. also

  24.A.taught

  B. handed

  C. awarded

  D. allowed

  25.A.at once

  B. by chance

  C. as usual

  D. on purpose

  26.A.proud

  B. gentle

  C. warm

  D. polite

  27.A.borrowed

  B. lost

  C. made

  D. saved

  28.A.laughed

  B. shouted

  C. nodded

  D. started

  29.A.bravely

  B. grateful

  C. fondly

  D. modestly

  30.A.duty

  B. business

  C. job

  D. method

  III. 阅读理解

  (2015·新课标Ⅱ)My

  color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago

  because I had my relatives give me

  money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model,I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid,The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off

  for the night,Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

  Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

  When neither of these methods removed the static noise ,I would sit helplessly and

  wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether .My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.

  31.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

  He got an older model than he had expected.

  He couldn’t return it when it was broken.

  He could have bought it at a lower price.

  He failed to find any movie shows on it.

  32.Which of the following can best replace the phrase”signed off”in Paragraph 1?

  A.ended all their programs

  B.provided fewer channels

  C.changed to commercials

  D.showed all-night movies

  33.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?

  By shaking and hitting it.

  By turning it on and off.

  By switching channels.

  By having it repaired.

  34. How does the anthor sound when telling the story ?

  A. Curious

  B. Anxious

  C. Cautious

  D. Humorous

  IV. 微写作

  (2015·湖北)

  Questioning is a bridge to learning. When you begin to doubt something and search for an answer, you will learn.

  注意:1.无须写标题;

  2.除诗歌外,文体不限;

  3.内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例;

  4.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称;

  5.词数不少于120,如引用提示语则不计入总词数。

  专题热点集训2

  形容词和副词

  参考答案与解析

  I. 单项填空

  1.D 句意:因此听力是一项积极主动的而不是被动的行为,由听,理解和记忆组成。A.考虑周到的,体贴的;B.敏感的;C. 可信赖的;D.被动的,结合句意,故选D。

  2.C

  句意:我们大多数人,我国我们知道一点关于我们的食物来自于哪里,就会明白每一口放进嘴里的食物以前都是活着的。A. 稳定地;B.马上;C. 以前的;D. 永久地,结合句意,故选C。

  3.B句意:乔既骄傲又固执,从不承认他错了,而且总是找别人来承担责任。strict“严格的”;sympathetic“有同情心的”;stubborn“固执的”;sensitive“敏感的”。根据never admitting判断选B。

  4.C

  她没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子,而是冲着他宽厚地一笑,并放他走了。tolerant“宽容的,容忍的”符合句意。

  5.B句意:Mary临时在这里当秘书,结果得到这家公司的一份正式工作。这里用temporary与后面的full-time呼应。A“悲观的”,C“先前的”,D“小心的,谨慎的”。6.D句意:这是一个很漂亮的法国制造的小钟,用青铜做的,其历史可以追溯到19世纪。本题考查形容词顺序。英语中,当名词有多个形容词修饰时,注意其顺序关系:首先是主观评价形容词(有魅力的)放在最前面,然后是“大小→新旧→形状→颜色”,最后是名词或名词转化的形容词作定语在最后一位,因此选D。

  7.B句意:大卫对动物皮毛过敏,因此他不会光顾任何家里有猫或者狗的人家。(be) curious about“对……好奇”;(be) allergic to“对……过敏”;(be) satisfied with“对……感到满意”;(be) fond of“喜欢”。根据句意选B。

  8.A句意:只有少数人被牵涉其中,可能少到只有20人。本句twenty后省略了people,故用few修饰。

  9.B句意:Michael考虑地周到,他告诉我们他回来晚,以免我们担心。根据题干中的in case we got worried判断应是Michael应是考虑周到的。careless粗心的;considerate考虑周到的;patient耐心的;generous慷慨的,大方的。根据故选B。10.A句意:史蒂文森先生是一个让人愿意为其工作的人——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。本句使用了“can/could not+比较级”结构表示“没有比……更……的”,表示最高级含义,因此选A,比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义。

  II. 完形填空

  [文章大意]本文是一篇记叙文。讲述一个小男孩Jason虽然每天卖报纸赚得很少的钱,但他不愿意为赚钱而去撒谎,从而因他的诚实获得一个高薪的工作。故事告诉我们:诚实做人,诚信做事。

  11. D[命题意图]考查名词辨析。

  [解题思路]根据第一句话中的carrying some newspapers可知本空指的是这个小男孩还有20张报纸剩下,用papers表示newspapers“报纸”。

  12. B [命题意图]考查形容词辨析。

  [解题思路]根据情境可知这个小男孩还有报纸没有卖掉,他的嗓子喊哑了,他的心情应该是非常沉重的(heavy)。

  13. A [命题意图]考查介词短语辨析。

  [解题思路].instead of 意为“代替,而不是”; in return for意为“作为回报”; regardless of意为“不考虑”; in exchange for意为“交换”本句指的是这个小男孩只好把没有卖的报纸带回家而不是钱,答案为A项。

  14. D

  [命题意图]考查名词辨析。

  [解题思路]根据41空后面的the cake he wanted to buy for his mother可知本空指的是他想给他妈妈买个蛋糕(cake)。

  15. B [命题意图]考查动词短语辨析。

  [解题思路]他一想到他卖报纸失败了,他精神就崩溃了,broke down意为“身体垮掉,精神崩溃”。

  16. D

  [命题意图]考查名词辨析。

  [解题思路]本句是另外一个报童告知他卖报的秘诀(secret)。

  17. B

  [命题意图]考查连词辨析。

  [解题思路]但是这根本不是报纸上的内容呀!上下文是转折关系用but。

  18. A [命题意图]考查连词辨析。

  [解题思路]句意:在他们还没来得及看的时候就快速跑开。Before在本句中意为“还没来得及”。

  19. C [命题意图]考查动词辨析。

  [解题思路]本句指的是“如果这样的话你就能卖掉报纸赚钱了。”sell out“卖出”。

  20. B[命题意图]考查名词辨析。

  [解题思路]Jason觉得这是一个不错的主意(idea)。

  21. C

  [命题意图]考查名词辨析。

  [解题思路]根据第一段倒数第三句中的and some seeds for his bird可知Jason想给他的鸟儿买种子(seeds)吃。

  22. D

  [命题意图]考查形容词辨析。

  [解题思路].concerned 意为“关心的”; amazed 意为“吃惊的”;excited 意为“激动的,兴奋的”; determined意为“下定决心的”。虽然他想给鸟儿买食吃,给妈妈给蛋糕,但是他决定不能撒谎,答案为D项。

  23. C

  [命题意图]考查副词辨析。

  [解题思路]句意:虽然他仅仅是一个贫穷的买报童,但是他被教要做善事。Just意为“仅仅”。

  24. A

  [命题意图]考查动词辨析。

  [解题思路]根据上句翻译可知本空指的是Jason从小被教(taught)要做善事。

  25. C

  [命题意图]考查介词短语辨析。

  [解题思路]at once意为“立刻,马上”; by chance意为“偶然地”; as usual 意为“像往常一样”; on purpose意为“故意地”。本句指的是第二天下午他像往常一样去公司取报纸。答案为C项。

  26. A

  [命题意图]考查形容词辨析。

  [解题思路]proud意为“骄傲的,自豪的”; gentle 意为“温柔的”;warm 意为“温暖的”; polite意为“有礼貌的”,本句指的是几个小男孩围在Chad的周围,Chad 的脸上带着一种自豪的笑容。因为他昨天卖掉了几打张报纸。答案为A项。

  27. B

  [命题意图]考查动词辨析。

  [解题思路]本句是和上一句对比,Jason由于不愿意撒谎,所以没有赚到钱,用lost money意为“遭到损失”。

  28. A [命题意图]考查动词辨析。

  [解题思路]因为Chad赚了很多钱,而Jason不愿撒谎所以没赚到钱,所以大家都嘲笑他,用laugh at“嘲笑”。

  29. C

  [命题意图]考查副词辨析。

  [解题思路]bravely 意为“勇敢地”;.grateful 意为“感激的”; fondly 意为“喜欢地”; modestly意为“谦虚地”本句空白处修饰patted,和下文got a well-paid job because he told the truth“因为说真话而获得一个高薪工作”可知这个人很喜欢他,用C项最佳。

  30. C[命题意图]考查名词辨析。

  [解题思路]根据下文的got a well-paid job because he told the truth可知一周后Jason获得一个新的工作(job)。

  III. 阅读理解

  【文章大意】这是一篇故事阅读。文章主要讲述了作者购买彩电、维修彩电的过程。作者以幽默的语气叙述该故事,充满生活情趣。

  31.【答案】C

  【命题意图】考查细节辨认题

  【解题思路】根据题干中的关键词he was fooled into buying the TV set找到文章对应段落是第一段,其中第三句话中的…at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid判断作者本可以以一个更低的价格购买彩电,故选C。

  32.【答案】A

  【命题意图】考查词义猜测题

  【解题思路】根据该句前文的so beautifully和first判断出作者刚刚买来电视的喜悦心情,根据划线单词后的for the night和单词前的stations判断是所以电视台结束了节目。A结束了他们所有的节目;B提供更少的频道;C改成商业节目;D展示整夜的电影。故选A。

  33.【答案】D

  【命题意图】考查判断推理题

  【解题思路】根据题干关键词finally get his TV set working again找到文章对应段落是第三段,其中的my trip to the repair shop cost me $62判断推测是作者最后是让电视维修店维修了自己的彩电。故选D。

  34.【答案】D

  【命题意图】考查判断推理题。

  【解题思路】curious好奇的;anxious焦急的;cautions谨慎的;humorous幽默的。通读全文,并根据文章最后一段的最后一句话中的but I keep expecting more trouble判断作者是以幽默的语气讲述该故事的。故选D。

  IV. 微写作

  书面表达范文

  Questioning can lead to searching for an answer. If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.

  Two years ago, our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class. Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. When I showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.

  From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.

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