2016届高考英语二轮专题热点集训：专题4 动词和动词词组

　　专题四

　　动词和动词词组(动词短语)

　　【命题趋势探秘】

　　命题规律考查内容 考查度 ☆☆☆☆☆☆

　　考查题型 所占分值

　　1—3分

　　命题

　　趋势综观近几年各地高考对动词短语的考查可以看出，ake,look,pick,bring,come,break,make,go,get,turn及come构成的短语。sacrifice, substitute, simplify等。

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　一．高考高频动词归类与辨析

　　1.arise，rise，raise，

　　arise vi.呈现出现发生 out of/from sth因某事物而产生造成引起举起升起某物vt.引起，激起，唤起；唤醒形状及大小对某人合适合身大小适合装入某处合某人的心意相配与某事物相似﹑相称﹑相符合或相一致’t a nice fit, and don’t fit me very well, but the style suits me, and the color matches my shirt perfectly, so I decide to take it. The price doesn’t suit me fine, though.这衣服我穿着不太合身，但其款式适合我，颜色也跟我的衬衣的颜色搭配非常好，我决定买下。不过，这价格不太合我的意。

　　3.appreciate, acknowledge, recognize

　　appreciate vt. 欣赏；

　　承认告知收到对打招呼答谢感激赏识The firm will recognize Tom's outstanding work by holding a party in his honor, and I I would appreciate it if you could come and attend it.公司决定为Tom举办一个晚会，以表彰他杰出的工作。我希望您能来参加。

　　4. disturb, trouble, bother, annoy

　　disturb vt. “打扰，扰乱”，常用来指某种行为无意间干扰了别人。

　　trouble vt. 使某人忧虑﹑苦恼﹑痛苦或不便打扰使烦恼多指由于某种外界因素而停下来中断其连续性或为了某种目的而停下来但不表明这种停止是否会继续下去遗弃，抛弃；离弃，；放弃 废止废除 离弃一地方放弃离弃某人 acquire, get, gain, obtain, achieve

　　get 概括性最强，为一般用语，指得到某种东西较正式用语, 常指而得到所需的东西acquire 多指经过一段时间的努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西， 并且一旦获得很难失去，如知识等。

　　achieve 指通过努力取得，达到多指成就、目标、幸福的取得’s managed to get a chance to go to the training course, where he is sure to acquire some knowledge before achieving his aim.最后，他设法找到个机会进入培训班，在那里他一定会获得知识，然后实现自己的目标。

　　7. inspect, investigate, observe, examine, check

　　examine 仔细观察检查调查盘问审问检查，视察使确信，使信服competence.我向他讨教，如何才能说服我的父母同意我的计划，此时他建议说，我首先应该让他们相信我的能力。

　　9. demand, require, inquire, negotiate

　　demand与require (1)含义：都表示“要求”，有时可换用，如：They demand/require my presence.他们要求我在场。

　　但demand 通常指坚持其应该有或必要的东西，暗示要求者有权这样做，常有命令之意；require 通常指按照法律、规章、规定、惯例、环境等提出要求，其客观性较强。

　　(2)结构：1) demand/require接that引导的宾语从句，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气结构

　　2)demand接不定式作宾语，不接动名词，不可说demand sb to do sth；require通常不接非谓语动词作宾语，常用require sb to do sth

　　inquire

　　vt. 打听，询问10. announce, declare, broadcast与publish

　　announce指正式地宣告，公布；郑重地说，大声而肯定地说（尤指别人不喜欢的事情）declare 正式宣布；声称，宣称，说出自己所想的broadcast (通过无线电广播；散布，使广为传播publish 公布，公开（官方消息）；发表；出版beat 普通用词，含义广泛，指连续击打，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方strike 通常表示打一下，打若干下，不一定都是有意的hit 指打中，对准……来打，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点speak, talk, say与tell

　　speak “说话”，作不及物动词时，通常指说话的能力和方式；作及物动词时，其后的宾语为某种语言。speak to sb.表示“同某人说话”

　　talk “谈话，谈论”，指相互之间的谈话，一般作不及物动词，talk to/wit：与……交谈”；talk of/about：谈及某人或某事

　　say “说出”“说过”，及物动词，强调说的内容

　　tell “讲述”“告诉” (1)指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，如tell the truth说实话，tell a story讲故事。(2)接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构。如tell sb. (about) sth；tell sb.（not）to do sth.

　　13. Cost,take,pay,spend

　　spend 主语必须是人，宾语钱、精力、时间等，on+名词或用in+)动名词形式，不接不定式pay “支付，cost 主语，表示后接life, money, health, time等take 1)“花费，其主语一般是，有时主语也可以是人，说明事情完成花费了seize 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作take 指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物catch 指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物hold 抓住，夹住adapt 使适应改编adjust 调整调节校正adopt 收养采用采纳book 预定定(房间、车票等)book a hotel room/ticket

　　reserve 预定[约]租定(座位, 房间等)reserve a table at a restaurant

　　order 指书面下定单，collect an order提取定货不用become来谈论有目的的行动get 1)侧重强调结果，与become换用；2)与表示“使……，让……”的含义的使役动词的过去分词连用表动作，如:get lost/ broken/dressed/married等

　　go 用在形容词之前来谈论变化在一些表示向坏的变化的常用词组中用go不用getgo wrong，肉变质与old，tired和ill连用时要用get，而不用go多用于看得见的或注目的变化变换职业’t contain her amusement a moment longer.简再也忍俊不禁。

　　The letter contained information about Boulestin's legal affairs.这封信含有关于布理斯汀法律事务的重要信息。

　　【典例1】（2015·江苏）

　　Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to

　　to their greatest potential.

　　A. accelerate

　　B. improve

　　C. perform

　　D. develop

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：学校应该是一个活跃的场所在这里学生个体被鼓励发挥他们最大的潜能。本题考查的是动词辨析，A：加速；B：提高；C：履行；D：发展，发挥，结合句意，故选D。

　　【典例2】（2016·湖北）Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ______ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.

　　A. slipped

　　B. skied

　　C. signalled

　　D. sank

　　解析：句意：看到一大群人奔他而来，他开始往山下跑，但是他脚下一滑，四肢着地倒在融化了的雪中。slip“滑(倒)；溜走缓慢下陷或倒下affected his health.抽烟影响了他的健康。

　　We were deeply affected by the news of her death.她去世的消息使我们都深感悲痛。

　　2)bring 引起，造成，导致

　　The minister’s speech brought an angry reaction from the Teachers’ Association.部长的话激起了教师协会的愤怒。

　　What brings you here?什么风把你给吹来了？

　　His words brought tears to my eyes.他的话让我热泪夺眶而出。

　　Thanks for bringing this mistake to our attention/notice.谢谢你提醒我们注意这一错误。

　　3)cost使失去(生命、健康、机会等)

　　The patient’s dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.这个病人的危险状态使医生和护士好几夜不曾合眼。

　　4) cover 1)包括；涉及；论及；2)走完(一段路程)，多完(多少书)，包含(多大面积)；3)处理，对待，4)报道(资讯事件)；5)够支付(开支、费用)

　　They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.他们昨天计划走40英里。

　　The course covers all aspects of business and law.这门课程涵盖商业和法律的方方面面。

　　The policy will cover any medical expense that you have while you’re abroad.这份保单承保你在国外的所有医疗费用。

　　cover for 1)代替某人的工作；2)替……打掩护，找借口

　　Who’s going to cover for you when you’re on holiday?你度假期间谁接替你的工作？

　　5)develop 发展；患上(某种疾病)，逐渐养成(某习惯)；冲洗(胶卷)

　　Unfortunately my grandma developed cancer.不幸的是，奶奶患上了癌症。

　　6)escape v. 被遗忘未被注意’s attention/notice被某人忽视

　　there’s no escaping (the fact)不可否认的是，毫无疑问

　　I’ve met him before,but his name escapes me.我以前见过他，但想不起他的名字了。

　　7) meet 满足某人的愿望条件需要等支付偿付费用’t figure out why what I have done never seems to meet his satisfaction.我不明白，为什么我做什么都难以让他满意。

　　8)poduce 引起，造成，产生(结果)；拿出，出示

　　New medicines are producing remarkable results in the treatment of cancer.新的药物在治疗癌症方面正产生着显著的成果。

　　He produced a box from his pocket. 他从口袋里掏出一个盒子。

　　9)recognize 正式承认，认可；感激赏识The firm recognized Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra award.公司给汤姆额外的奖励，以表彰他杰出的工作。

　　10)reach 使收听到/收看到(信息、节目等)；(通过电话号码)与……联系

　　Here’s my phone number, in case you need to reach me.如果你需要和我联络，这是我的电话号码。

　　The sales campaign reached a target audience of 12,000 women.促销活动以某些女性为对象，涉及到1.2 万人。

　　10)recover v.重新获得，找回(丢失/被窃等的物品)

　　The thief was caught, but my bike was never recovered.窃贼被抓获了，但是我的自行车一直没有找到。

　　二．常用动词的其他相关用法

　　1.接双宾语的动词

　　有些动词要接双宾语，用“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”，或“动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语”。其中，动作的直接承受者是直接宾语，而间接承受者(人)是间接宾语，即“动词+sb+sth”。如：

　　She paid a dealer 2,000 for that car. 她用2千英镑从汽车行买的这辆汽车He taught me (how) to drive. 他教我开汽车She knew she had to keep calm and still until the enemy went away from her hiding cave. 她知道，自己必须保持冷静，不能晃动，直到敌人从她藏身的山洞走开。

　　A shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.公交车辆的短缺依然是个很严重的问题。

　　3.表示“据……说”的动词与句式转换

　　有些动词可以用“it be+过去分词+that从句”，也可以用“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”，如果该不定式的动作先于谓语发生，不定式用完成式形式。即：sb is+过去分词+to do/to have done，it is +过去分词+that从句。如：

　　It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.据报道，目前在这个灾区人们正在修建很多新房。(高考例句)

　　Many a new house is reported to be being built at present in the disaster area.

　　能用于这两个句型转换的常见动词有：say(说),report(报道),know(知道), announce(宣布), consider(想/认为), think(认为), believe(相信)这几个动词。

　　4.用主动语态表示被动含义的常用动词

　　英语有些及物动词在表示事物的性状功能时，用作不及物动词，此时就用不及物动词形式接well、easily等副词。常见的这种动词有：read(读),write(写),cut(剪),wear(穿), wash(洗),open(开), shut/close(关),sell(卖), lock(锁),translate(译)等。

　　5.用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的动词

　　用于“谓语+sb+of+sth”结构的主要有下面这些动词：

　　inform(通知),advise(通知),tell(告诉),remind(提醒),cure(治愈),heal(治愈),cheat(欺骗),warn(警告),convince(说服，使信服),suspect(怀疑),accuse(控告),rob(抢劫)等。

　　How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢?What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭怀疑钱是她偷的?。If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.

　　A. develop

　　B. create

　　C. substitute

　　D. experience

　　解析：答案：D

　　英语中有许多动词可以和其他词类组成固定搭配，这些固定搭配是中的命题重点。如果平时不注意积累和总结，就很容易造成没有必要的错误。这里把近几年高考试卷上经常出现的一些动词的固定搭配做一总结1.动词+宾语+ for

　　ask(要求)blame(责备)criticize(批评)excuse(原谅)forgive(原谅)mistake(误认为)praise (称赞)punish(惩罚)recommend(推荐)remember(记得)reward(报答)search(搜查)scold(责备)take(当作)thank(感谢)turn to(求助于)

　　2.动词+宾语+ from

　　choose(挑选)； excuse(使免除)；remove(移去)； keep(阻止)；prevent(阻止)；protect(保护)；save(拯救)；separate(分离)。

　　3.动词+宾语+ in

　　gain(增加)；employ(花费时间、精力等)；encourage(鼓励)；invest(投资、买)；involve(使陷入、使承担)

　　4.动词+宾语+ into

　　argue(说服)；force(强迫)；persuade(劝说)；reason(说服)；talk(说服)； frighten(惊吓)

　　5.动词+宾语+ of

　　accuse(控告) assure(确信)；cheat(骗取)； cure(治愈)； ease(缓和、减轻)；inform(告知)； relieve(解除)；remind(提醒)；rid(从去除)；rob(抢夺)； warn()

　　6.动词+宾语+ on

　　congratulate(祝贺)； force(强迫)

　　7.动词+宾语+ with

　　arm(使装备)；busy(忙于)；charge(指控)；combine(结合)；compare(比较)；confuse(混淆)； familiarize(使熟悉)；fill(充满、装满)；furnish(装备、供给)；help(帮助)；load(装载)；present(赠送)；provide(供应)；serve(供给)； supply(供应)；trouble(使烦恼、打扰)；trust(委托)

　　8.动词+宾语+ by (on, in) +身体部位

　　catch(抓住)；hit(打中)；pull(拉)；shake(握住)；seize(抓住)； strike(打、敲)；take(抓住)开始着手远离，回避

　　补偿，弥补

　　为腾出空地突然逃脱挣脱束缚停止运转失效某人健康状况 变得恶劣感情失去控制瓦解解散驱散变得衰弱将某物击碎打碎与某人绝交有重要创见’s promise.违背诺言

　　2)bring

　　bring about 导致送回回想起某事物为某人带回某物使飞行器着陆打死或打伤降低价格bring forward把……提前提交讨论逮捕获得好收成使某人获得利润或收入使某人的（品质）显现使某事物出现或开放生产出版阐明bring up培养, 养育提出呕吐bring…under control. 控制bring sth to an end)结束，终结

　　3)call

　　call at 到……作短暂拜访

　　call for 需要，要求

　　call in 召集，来访

　　call off 取消

　　call on/upon sb to do sth号召某人做某事

　　call on 拜访某人

　　call up 使回想起

　　4)carry

　　carry on继续做某事carry out实施; 执行carry (sb/sth) through帮助某人度过难关成功地完成某事物catch

　　catch up with 赶上某人

　　caught (up) in被卷入或陷入

　　come

　　come across被理解被传达偶然遇见或发现改变立场come out(指太阳﹑月亮露出出现指花朵等开始长出开花出版或发表指消息等传出透露指照片显影洗出在考试等中得某名次回来回想起come down坍塌指价格温度等降低下降沦落为come down to归结为cme down with因某病病倒取得的名次流行收入come to：苏醒；总数为，结果是；涉及，谈到

　　come to one's rescuecome up(植物长出地面被提及被讨论出现发生come up with找到或提出答案﹑办法等 成功 upon偶然遇见或发现cut开心专练

　　cut away切除剪去破掉cut down减少夺去某人生命减少消耗cut in超车抢道cut in on/cut into打断打搅cut off in the middle of our conversation. 切断(电话线路阻碍或阻断使外界隔绝cut out停止使用cut up切碎fall

　　Fallbehind 落后落在…的后面

　　fall in掉入；跌入债务到期fall into落入流入养成分成进入某种状态陷入fall off跌落数量下降降低fall on/upon落在；落到身上适逢偶然碰到发现fall short of达不到，不符合

　　get about/around走动；(消息等)传开

　　get across  (使)被了解，(将)讲清楚

　　get along with  进展相处融洽get away  走开；逃脱；(with)做了坏事而逃脱责罚

　　get down 下来；写下；使沮丧；(to)着手做

　　get hold of 抓住，掌握

　　get in 进入，抵达；收获

　　get into 对发生兴趣；卷入；(使)进入

　　get off (从)下来；出发get on 上(车，马等)；进展(to)转话题get over从(疾病等)中恢复；克服，解决

　　get through 完成；度过；通过；讲清楚；打通电话

　　get to到达

　　get rid of摆脱，除去 give

　　give away赠送；泄露

　　give back (归)还

　　give in认输投降屈服；交上give off发出(光、声音气味等)give out分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)give up停止放弃give over移交；委托give way to让路让步

　　give rise to引起导致为的原因

　　go

　　go about sth着手做处理忙于go after追赶追求

　　go against 反对违背；对不利

　　go ahead进行；开始go beyond超过；越过go by走过照办事凭而判断时间等流逝go down下去下降落下记下倒塌go off爆炸，开火，突然响起继续；进行；(灯)亮go out出；(灯)熄，终止；公布

　　go over仔细察看；复习go through仔细检查详细讨论；经历；通过go up上涨，增长；正在建设中；烧(炸)毁

　　go with跟…相配；与…相伴hold

　　hold back阻挡，抑制；退缩；隐瞒

　　hold down阻止上涨；压制控制；保持住(工作等)

　　hold out伸出；维持；坚持(要求)不屈服

　　hold up支持；延迟；展示举出；抢劫hold off推迟，拖延；阻止抵挡住hold on (to sth)等一会，别挂断；握住不放，坚持住

　　keep

　　keep away不要接近；阻止某人干某事keep back阻止，抑制；隐瞒keep down压制，控制；使处于低水平

　　keep off (使)让开，(使)不接近

　　keep ou抵御

　　keep to遵守；坚持keep up (使)继续下去，保持keep up with跟上

　　照看，留神，密切注意

　　look

　　look around/about四处张望；(+for)四处寻找

　　look after照顾，照管；注意look at看；看待；考虑look back回头看；回顾，回忆寻找，寻求；招来

　　look forward盼望，期待

　　look into调查，观察

　　look on… aslook out (+for)留神；注意

　　look over把看一遍，把过目；察看look through温习仔细查看故意视而不见粗略地检查look to照管，留心；指望，依靠

　　look up好转；查(字典)；看望；(to)尊敬

　　look down onupon看不起，轻视

　　make

　　make for走向，朝前进；促成，有助于

　　make

　　of拿开玩笑，取笑

　　办成，做到，成功；赶上，及时到达

　　make out辨认出；理解，了解；写出make up编造，虚构；组成；化妆；补充make up for补偿，弥补

　　make the best of充分利用充分利用，尽量利用

　　pull

　　pull down拆毁指疾病使某人虚弱

　　pull in (车)停下，(车)进站，(船)到岸吸引

　　pull off (成功地)完成；扯下，脱去

　　pull out拔(抽，取)出；(车等)驶出；摆脱困境

　　ull (the car) over(使车船等到一边pull through (使)度过危机，(使)恢复健康

　　pull up (使)停下

　　put

　　put aside保留；把放在一边，暂不考虑

　　put away放好，收好put back恢复正常；放回原处推迟；延误put down记下；武力镇压；(to)归因于

　　put forward提出(要求、事实等)往前拨钟表把提前put in使进入安装花费时间put off推迟，推延；阻止，劝阻

　　put on穿上,戴上；上演；增加(体重)

　　put out关(灯)；出版，发布；伸出；生产

　　put through顺利完成使通过；使成功接通电话put up建造；张贴；提高；投宿；提出

　　容忍，忍受

　　put into production/use/force实施，实行put one's heart into把心思放在……上

　　19) run

　　run across偶然遇见发现run after追赶;追逐n into偶然遇见遭遇困难﹑问题等run out/run out of sth用完, 耗尽run short of缺少

　　20)set

　　set about doing sth开始，着手set apart使与众不同；留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)

　　set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍

　　set out动身，起程；开始；摆放；阐明，陈述

　　set aside留出，拨出(时间等)；把置于一旁

　　set down写下，记下

　　set off出发，启程；激起，引起

　　set up创立，建立；竖立，架起，建造set fire to使燃烧，点燃

　　21)take

　　take…apart将尤指机器拆开拆卸 away带走take back收回(说错的话)；使回忆起

　　拆卸；记下take in接受，吸收；包括；领会，理解；欺骗

　　take off脱下飞机起飞打折扣启程take on从事；呈现；雇用

　　take out带出去；除掉逐渐做某事take up占去，占据(空间)；从事某项活动，发展某种爱好；继续讲述；拿起(武器)

　　take advantage of 利用

　　take hold of 抓住得到

　　take pride intake turns (to do)依次，轮流take pains to do努力，尽力，下苦功

　　take a chance冒险碰碰运气take effect生效，起作用

　　take charge of) 负责；主管

　　take for granted 认为是理所当然；对不予重视

　　turn

　　turn around/about转变，(使)转好回绝，把打发走

　　turn back+to)

　　turn down关小，调低；拒绝turn up开大，调大；出现，来到turn in交还，上交；上床睡觉turn into变成；译成

　　turn on接通，打开关掉；拐弯turn out结果是；关掉，旋熄；制造turn over翻倒；仔细考虑；移交turn to求助于，求教于，查阅逐步建立；增进；逐渐积聚堵住，关闭

　　do up系扎 结束，告终

　　使装满；客满填写空格、表格等pick up拾起，拣起；(偶然地、无意间)获得(知识、消息等)

　　send up使上升加大；发射阻止进入；阻拦使停止讲话speed up(使)加快速度用完，用光

　　退出，退学离去；不出席计算出；估计理解找出查明发现

　　把排除在外，排除的可能性

　　run out (of)用完，耗尽care about关注；对感兴趣

　　照料；喜欢

　　do away with废除，去掉

　　没有也行，将就

　　stick to粘贴在上；紧跟；坚持谈到；提到查阅涉及；关于提交处理安排地方；放进；适应环境；相处融洽focus upon以…为焦点；集中于

　　遵守，实践(诺言等)；符合，不辜负

　　与…在一起生活；忍受，忍耐

　　会晤；偶然遇到；经历炫耀，卖弄tear down拆掉，拆除

　　As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can

　　concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.

　　A. catch sight of

　　B. get hold of

　　C. take charge of

　　D. make mention of

　　解析：句意：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用一切机会提高自己。catch sight of“看见”；get hold of“抓住；找到；得到”；take charge of“负责”；make mention of“提到”。根据句中的everything及concerning music(与音乐有关的)。

　　break down表示“毁掉；打破make up“编造；组成；化妆use up“用完；耗尽”；turn down“拒绝”。

　　答案：D

　　【技巧点拨】动词短语的复习备考

　　动词短语是高考必考点，也是我们平时复习备考的难点，因为动词短语的含义多，我们在复习动词短语时要做到：

　　1)反复记忆：对于常用、高频动词短语要注意分类整理以帮助记忆，比如我们可以从下面几条去总结和记忆动词短语。

　　①与副词或介词搭配活跃的6个常用动词：get,go,look,put,take,turn。如：go away,go back,go by,go on,go out,look after,look for,look out,look up,look round,look into,look on等；

　　②through表示“穿过”，因此含有through的动词短语多表示此意，我们可以总结为“具有穿透力的through”，比如：break through突破；carry (sb/sth) through帮助某人度过难关get through 完成；通过；go through仔细检查look through温习仔细查看pull through (使)度过危机put through使通过（45分钟）

　　A. convince

　　B. consult

　　C. avoid

　　D. affect

　　2.（2015·天津）Tom had to ________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.

　　A. turn in

　　B. turn down

　　C. turn over

　　D. turn to

　　3.（2015·江苏）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.

　　A. accelerate

　　B. improve

　　C. perform

　　D. develop

　　4.（2015·江苏）The university started some new language programs to ________ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.

　　A. apply to

　　B. cater for

　　C. appeal to

　　D. hunt for

　　5.（2015·江苏）The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.

　　A. wait on

　　B. focus on

　　C. count on

　　D. call on

　　6.（2015·浙江）Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.

　　A. produce

　　B. pronounce

　　C. process

　　D. download

　　7.（2015·浙江）Body language can ________ a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.

　　A. take away

　　B. throw away

　　C. put away

　　D. give away

　　8.（2015·浙江）We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ________ our emotions than for straight facts.

　　A. block off

　　B. appeal to

　　C. subscribe to

　　D. come across

　　9.（2015·浙江）If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to ________ on the sea?

　　A. float

　　B. drown

　　C. shrink

　　D. split

　　10.（2016·陕西）Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him.

　　A. set off

　　B. set about

　　C. set up

　　D. set down

　　II. 完形填空

　　（2016·新课标Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____11____at work in people of all _____12____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___13____with their new toys. But their ___14_____soon wear off and by January those_____15____toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_____16____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ____17_____interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child____18____bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the___19____of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great____20___but soon looking forward to_____21___. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many____22_____, who complain about the long drives to work, ____23_____drove for hours at a time when they first_____24____

　　their driver’s licenses? Before people retire, they usually

　　___22____to do a lot of___26__things, which never had __27___while working. But ____28____after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ___29____. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new____30_____.

　　11.A.principle

　　B.habit

　　C.way

　　D.power

　　12.A.parties

　　B.races

　　C.countries

　　D.ages

　　13.A.working

　　B.living

　　C.playing

　　D.going

　　14.A.confidence

　　B.interest

　　C.anxiety

　　D.sorrow

　　15.A.same

　　B.extra

　　C.funny

　　D.expensive

　　16.A.well-organized

　　B.colorfully-printed

　　C.newly-collected D.half-filled

　　17.A.broad

　　B.passing

　　C.different

　　D.main

　　18.A.silently

　　B.impatiently

　　C.gladly

　　D.worriedly

　　19.A.promise

　　B.burden

　　C.right

　　D.game

　　20.A.courage

　　B.calmness

　　C.confusion

　　D.excitement

　　21.A.graduation

　　B.independence

　　C.responsibility

　　D.success

　　22.A.children

　　B.students

　　C.adults

　　D.retirees

　　23.A.carefully

　　B.eagerly

　　C. nervously

　　D.bravely

　　24.A.required

　　B.obtained

　　C.noticed

　　D.discovered

　　25.A.need

　　B.learn

　　C.start

　　D.plan

　　26.A.great

　　B.strange

　　C.difficult

　　D.correct

　　27.A.time

　　B.money

　　C.skills

　　D.knowledge

　　28.A.only

　　B.well

　　C.even

　　D.soon

　　29.A.lost

　　B.chose

　　C.left

　　D.quit

　　30.A.pets

　　B.toys

　　C.friends

　　D.colleagues

　　III. 阅读理解

　　（2015·浙江）If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

　　The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ－designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect or life is affected.

　　In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth，is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.

　　We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

　　Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures，we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.

　　Living in a glare of our making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.

　　31. According to the passage，human being ________.

　　A. prefer to live in the darkness

　　B. are used to living in the day light

　　C. were curious about the midnight world

　　D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon

　　32. What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?

　　A. The night.

　　B. The moon.

　　C. The sky.

　　D. The planet.

　　33. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.

　　A. provide examples of animal protection

　　B. show how light pollution affects animals

　　C. compare the living habits of both species

　　D. explain why the number of certain species has declined

　　34. It is implied in the last paragraph that ________.

　　A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals

　　B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages

　　C. human beings cannot go to the outer space

　　D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe

　　35. What might be the best title for the passage?

　　A. The Magic Light.

　　B. The Orange Haze.

　　C. The Disappearing Night.

　　D. The Rhythms of Nature.

　　IV. 微写作

　　（2015·广东）

　　阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　On the first day of her work，Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. Six teachers had quit before her. When she walked into the classroom，it was chaos：two boys were fighting in the far corner，yet the rest of the class，seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about; paper，food packages and other garbage were littered around.... Just when she was about to speak，a student rushed in and pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!

　　Sally walked onto the platform，picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard：“Rule 1：We are family！” All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2，Rule 3.... In the following weeks，Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.

　　Surprisingly，Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead，she won respect from the students. Over the year，she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony，just as she expected，she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and confidence.

　　[写作内容]

　　1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

　　2. 用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括：

　　(1)你们班最突出的问题是什么？

　　(2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规？

　　(3)你认为班规会带来什么影响？

　　[写作要求]

　　1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。

　　2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。

　　[评分标准]

　　概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

　　专题热点集训4

　　动词和动词词组(动词短语)

　　参考答案与解析

　　I. 单项填空

　　1. B

　　句意：如果你对自己的健康状况有怀疑，你最好立刻咨询你的医生。convince使某人相信；consult向……咨询；avoid避免；回避。根据句意应选B。

　　2.B句意：汤姆上周末不得不拒绝了去派对的邀请，因为他当时很忙。turn in上交；turn down拒绝；调低；turn over移交；上交，根据句意可知应选B。

　　3.

　　4.B句意：这所大学开启了一些新的语言项目来为该国的丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A. 向……申请；B. 迎合； 提供饮食及服务；C. 呼吁，吸引；D. 寻找。结合句意选B。

　　5.C句意：整支球队都依靠罗纳尔多，他从不让他们失望。A. 服侍，焦急地等待；B. 集中于；C. 依赖，依靠；D. 呼吁。结合句意选C。

　　6.C 句意：研究表明左耳和右耳会产生不同的声音。A. 生产，制造；B. 发音；C. 产生；D. 下载。结合句意选C。

　　7.D 句意：肢体语言能够泄露你的心情，所以抱臂站着能够发出一种你正在被侵犯的信号。A. 把……收起来；B. 把……扔掉；C. 把……收起来；D. 泄露。结合句意选D。

　　8.B 句意：与直观的事实相比，我们对于刺激我们的感觉或者是吸引我们情感的事情有更好的记忆。A. 挡住光线；B. 吸引；C. 订阅；D. 偶然遇见。结合句意选B。

　　9.A 句意：如果钢比水重的话，为什么轮船会在水上漂浮着？A. 漂浮；B. 溺水；C. 缩水；D. 吐。结合句意选A。

　　10.D 句意：拉尔夫·W·爱默生总是把自己想到的一些新想法写下来。根据句意，这里用set down表示“写下，记下”。set off“出发；激起”；set about“开始(做)，着手(做)”；set up“建立；竖立”。

　　’s

　　47

　　interest的暗示可知此处是说他们的“兴趣”减弱了，故此处要用interest。

　　15.A 这里的玩具就是原来孩子们非常感兴趣的玩具，所以此处要用same。

　　16.D 根据下面的unfinished model可以得知“模型没有完成”，因此与其并列的是“完成一半的集邮册”，所以此处要用half-filled。

　　17. B 从玩具到没有完成的模型还有完成一半的集邮册，这都是证明了“过去的兴趣”，也就是曾经那么感兴趣，而现在兴趣没有了，也就是passing。

　　18.C 从下面的Within a short time, however, the

　　49

　　of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents可知开始孩子是很“乐意为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发”，所以此处要用gladly。

　　19.B 孩子没有了兴趣，因此照顾宠物的“负担”就移交给父母了，所以此处要用burden。

　　20.D 根据13题前面的children are excited about的暗示，可以得知进入高中的青少年也是充满“兴奋”的，故此处要用excitement。

　　21.A 进入高中的青少年开始兴奋，从but的转折的暗示可以推知他们不就失去了兴趣而盼望“毕业”。

　　22.C 从21题后面的The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then可知此处是讲“成年人”的事情了，所以此处要用adults。

　　23. B 从后面的at a time when they first

　　24

　　their driver’s license(执照)？可以推知当人们初拿到驾照的时候是很“渴望”开车，故此处要用eagerly。

　　24.B

　　成人获得驾照，因此要用obtained。

　　25.D 退休前他们“打算”干很多事情，因此要用plan。

　　26.B 从28题后面的the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes可知这是他们退休后要干的“极好的事情”，所以此处要用great。

　　27.A 从前面的before they retire可知他们要干自己原来“没有时间干的事情”，所以此处要用time。

　　28.D 此处的soon after意思为“不久”，也就是在他们退休不久后，所以此处要用soon。

　　29.C 从前面的retire可知他们退休了，而他们退休前要做的那些事情也正如他们“刚离开的工作一样”，所以此处要用left。

　　30.B 根据13题后面的new toys的暗示可知退休的老人正如那些孩子一样去寻找他们新的“玩具了”，也就是说他们的兴趣也没有持续很长时间。

　　III. 阅读理解

　　【文章大意】这篇文章从进化论上讲我们人类应该是在白天活动的物种，但是现在随着科技的发展，夜间到处都是灯光，有悖于我们的进化论。

　　31. B

　　【命题意图】细节理解题。

　　【解题思路】根据第一段第二句可知人们已经习惯于白天的灯光。

　　32. A

　　【命题意图】词义猜测题。

　　【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句可知用光充满的是夜晚的黑暗。

　　33. B

　　【命题意图】总结归纳题。

　　【解题思路】根据倒数第二段和倒数第三段可知，鸟类和青蛙受到光的影响，使他们在夜晚不适应，会发生一些意外。

　　34. D

　　【命题意图】总结归纳题。

　　【解题思路】最后一段说的是我们人类应该反思一下人们在整个宇宙中所扮演的角色。

　　35. C

　　【命题意图】主旨大意题。

　　【解题思路】纵观全文，文章讲述的是社会技术的进步，在夜晚有了更多的光，而失去了我们所习惯的夜间的黑暗。

　　IV. 微写作

　　书面表达范文

　　From the passage we know when Sally found there were so many problems among her new students, she didn't lose heart. She made some rules full of love and respect to “manage” her students. In return, her students took on a completely new look.

　　When it comes to my class, I have to say that I can't stand some classmates'whisper to others when the teachers are presenting knowledge. Maybe they are showing interest in what is explained, but most of time, they are talking about something having noting to do with the contents of the class. They may disturb the teacher's thought. Worst of all, they show no respect to our teachers. Given the phenomenon, I propose to make a rule which says We Are Friends. We all hope to have more friends. But it's hard for us to make true friends.

　　I believe when we remember the rule, we remind ourselves that being the best listener is the first step to have friends. Our teachers are our friends. I believe all the classmates will not interrupt the teachers when they remember the rule.