2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练七十集之连载（60）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练七十集之连载（60）

　　【阅读理解】科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

　　Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

　　Feelings of “warmth” and“coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

　　To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

　　“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

　　1. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by　.　

　　A. the visitors to his office

　　B. the psychology lessons he has

　　C. his physical feeling of coldness

　　D. the things he has bought online

　　2. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that　.　

　　A. adults should develop social skills

　　B. babies need warm physical contact

　　C. caregivers should be healthy adults

　　D. monkeys have social relationships

　　3. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to　.　

　　A. evaluate someone’s personality

　　B. write down their hypotheses

　　C. fill out a personal information form

　　D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

　　4. We can infer from the passage that　.　

　　A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

　　B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

　　C. physical temperature affects how we see others

　　D. capable persons are often cold to others

　　5. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

　　B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

　　C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

　　D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

　　【参考答案】1—5、CBACD

　　2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Tired of all the pushing in supermarkets? Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping. Or is it?

　　Online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind when browsing (浏览) various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (诈骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation.

　　Another problem is the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue. Perhaps the wisest plan is to purchase items where design and color are not essential to customer satisfaction.

　　Some even argue that online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large vans pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated (使烦恼) by the fact that the delivery is late and you have wasted the leave from work you have taken to receive it!

　　Without question, online shopping is here to stay and it has its benefits. However, perhaps it is not as wonderful as some of its supporters claim it to be.

　　1. The author lists several questions in Para. 1 to

　　.

　　A. support online shopping

　　B. collect answers from readers

　　C. show his dislike of going shopping

　　D. introduce the topic of the passage

　　2. By what can online shoppers avoid fraud?

　　A. Using only trusted websites.

　　B. Choosing big websites.

　　C. Collecting shopping evidence.

　　D. Seeking advice from the police.

　　3. The author agrees with the fact that ______.

　　A. customers are never satisfied with products

　　B. online shopping is a safe way to make purchases

　　C. online shopping has nothing to do with global warming

　　D. delivery delay often makes online shoppers unhappy

　　4. What is the author’s attitude towards online shopping?

　　A. Very popular.

　　B. A wise choice.

　　C. Not trouble free.

　　D. A waste of time.

　　参考答案1—4 DADC

　　【阅读理解】科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.

　　Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away—or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.

　　Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying:　a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The“e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.

　　The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.

　　To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器).

　　The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, peper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage—by insects or with a hole punch—had been done to the tomato leaves.

　　With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.

　　1. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by　.　

　　A. making some soundsB. waving their leaves

　　C. producing some chemicals　 D. sending out electronic signals

　　2. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?

　　A. They presented it with all common crops.

　　B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.

　　C. They collected different damaged leaves.

　　D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.

　　3. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can　.　

　　A. pick out ripe fruits

　　B. spot the insects quickly

　　C. distinguish different damages to the leaves

　　D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

　　4. We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose　.　

　　A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers

　　B. is not yet used in greenhouses

　　C. is designed by scientists at Purdue

　　D. is helpful in killing harmful insects

　　【参考答案】1—4、CDCB

　　2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。When Luca first heard of the Island of Inventions, he was still very young. But its wonders sounded so incredible that they were forever burned in his memory. From that moment, he never stopped searching for clues which might lead him to the island. He read hundreds of adventure books, histories, volumes of physics and chemistry, even music.

　　Over time, he pieced together his idea of what the Island of Inventions was like. It was a secret place, where all the great wise men of the world would meet to learn and invent together. Access to the island was totally restricted. To join, you had to have created some great invention for humanity. Only then could you receive the special invitation — which came with directions to the island.

　　So Luca spent his youth studying and inventing. Every new idea he got, he made it into an invention, and if there were something he didn't understand, he’d seek others to help him. Soon he met other young inventors and he told them about the Island of Inventions. They too dreamed of one day receiving an invitation letter.

　　As years passed, the disappointment of not receiving their invitation made Luca and his friends work harder and co-operate more. They would meet in Luca's house, share their ideas and build new machines. Their inventions became known throughout the world, and improved the lives of millions.

　　But still, no invitation came.

　　They didn’t lose heart. They continued learning and inventing every day, trying to come up with more and better ideas. Fresh young talent joined their group, as more inventors dreamed of getting to the island.

　　One day many years later, Luca, already very old, was speaking with a brilliant young man named Roberts, who had written to him, asking him to join the group. Luca started telling the man of the wonderful Island of Inventions, and of how he was sure that some day they would receive an invitation. Surprised, the young inventor interrupted: “You mean this place isn’t the Island of Inventions? Isn't the letter you sent me the real invitation?”

　　It was only then that Luca realised that his dream had become true in his very own house. No island could exist which would be better than where he was now. No place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. Luca felt happy to know that he had always been on the island, and that his life of invention and study had been a truly happy one.

　　1. Why did Luca and his colleagues probably never receive an invitation to the island?

　　A. Their ideas were not considered worthy enough.

　　B. They were too concerned with acquiring fame.

　　C. The organization had already broken up.

　　D. The island was not a real place.

　　2. What did Luca learn at the end of the story?

　　A. The island of inventions did not exist.

　　B. He had wasted most of his life.

　　C. He had unknowingly built his own dreamland.

　　D. He finally would receive his invitation.

　　3. Which of the following best describes Luca?

　　A. Aggressive.

　　B. Trusting.

　　C. Creative.

　　D. Easy-going.

　　参考答案1—3、DCC