2016高考英语一轮课件优化复习（山东专用）人教版必修三《Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 》天文学：恒星科学

　　归纳拓展 ①(牛津P327)Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up. 给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。 ②I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！ ③They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams. 她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。 ④(朗文P282)The crowd cheered their favourite rider (on)． 观众向他们最喜欢的骑士喝彩加油。 跟踪训练 Ⅰ.选词填空 in time；cheer up；watch out；prevent...from；give birth to 1．____________ for his temper！He’s not easy to deal with. Watch out 2．Whenever I’m upset，she always has a good idea to make me ____________. 3．The government has taken measures to ____________ the cultural relics ____________ being damaged. cheer up prevent from 4．It was the study of history that _________________ the social science. 5．If you don’t devote yourself to your studies，you’ll never finish them ____________. gave birth to in time Ⅱ.单项填空 1．Do you think we’ll be ________ to catch the train if we get up early? A．in order　

　　B．so as C．in time

　　D．in case 解析：选C。句意为：你认为如果早点起床我们能及时赶上火车吗？in order to与so as to表示目的，in case后接从句，用在此处不合适；in time及时，符合语意。 2．All possible means have been tried,but nothing can ______ him dying of lung cancer. A．prevent

　　B．keep C．protect

　　D．prefer 解析：选A。prevent...(from) doing为固定搭配，意为“阻止……做某事”。 3．(2016·大连检测)After we finish the designing，the company，________ its turn，should do the constructing work. A．in

　　B．on C．at

　　D．for 解析：选A。句意为：我们完成设计后就该由公司来进行建设了。in one’s turn固定搭配，意思是“轮到某人，接着”。 4．—You are always sitting there watching TV.________，let’s go out for a walk，shall we? —OK，but just a moment.The football game is just over. A．Take your time

　　B．Cheer up C．Take it easy

　　D．Come on 解析：选D。考查交际用语。前半句句意为：你总是坐在那里看电视。走吧,咱们出去散散步，好吗？come on在此表示责备或不耐烦，意为“来吧,得啦,走吧”。take your time不着急；cheer up高兴点；take it easy别紧张。 1(教材P31)“...walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.” “……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。” 句型精析 【点津】　now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that 可以省略。 ①Now that you have finished your work,you’d better have a rest.既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。 ②Now_(that) the weather is fine，let’s go for a ride. 既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。 ③Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself. 你已长大了，可以自己做决定了。 2(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 【点津】　倍数的表达方式： (1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 (2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。,(4)A＋倍数＋what从句。 ①There are_five_times_more_books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。 ②Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year. 我们城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。 ③My house is twice the size of my parents’． 我的房子是我父母的两倍大。 ④The production now is three_times_what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是10年前的3倍。 跟踪训练 1．(2011·高考陕西卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ________ the present one. A．as three times big as

　　B．three times as big as C．as big as three times D．as big three times as 解析：选B。句意为：正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育馆将是目前这个体育馆的三倍。本题考查倍数的表达法。比较常见的表达倍数的句型有：①...times＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...；②...times＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than...；③...times＋the length/width/...＋of...。故选择B项。 2．Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost ________ his. A．as much twice as B．twice as much as C．much as twice as

　　D．as twice much as 解析：选B。句意为：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但价格却是他的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数词＋as＋原级＋as...”。 3．Ten years ago the population of our village was ________that of theirs. A．as twice large as

　　B．twice as large as C．twice as much as

　　D．as twice much as 解析：选B。句意为：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small搭配，且形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as...。 4．________you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it. A．Now that

　　B．After C．Although

　　D．As soon as 解析：选A。句意为：既然你得到了一次机会，不妨充分利用它。 5．—Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to________I’ll see him tomorrow. A．though

　　B．unless C．when

　　D．because 解析：选D。根据语意看，后面的句子表示“没有必要的原因”，所以用because。 本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放 辨析puzzle/question

　　puzzle 令人迷惑的、难以理解或回答的问题。 question 主观提出的或需解决、决定的问题。 ①(牛津P1616)What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。 ②The police are still puzzling_about/over how the accident could have happened. 警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。 ③Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years. 多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。 ④(牛津P1616)He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.他好像没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。 3pull　n. & vt.

　　拉(力)；拖；牵引力 (教材P30)As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.　随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。 pull down拆毁；摧毁 pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out驶出；退出 pull through康复；痊愈 归纳拓展 ①He pulled the door open and rushed out. 他拉开门，冲了出去。 ②(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull_in. 警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。 ③We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。 ④The doctor told me that I would pull_through. 医生告诉我，我会康复的。 【助记】 跟踪训练 Ⅰ.选词填空 system；harmful；exist；climate；pull 1．I consider it ________ for students to play computer games. harmful 2．As far as I know，they are paid hardly enough to _______ on. 3．A focus and concern on ________ change is entirely appropriate. exist climate 4．You have to enter your password before entering this ______. 5．Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will

　　________ through. system pull Ⅱ.单项填空 1．If we hadn’t worked so hard，such a good situation wouldn’t have ________ in our factory. A．Survived

　　B．lived C．had

　　D．existed 解析：选D。句意为：如果我们不努力工作的话，我们厂是不会出现这么好的形势的。survive表示“幸存”；live表示“生活”；have表示“有”，都不符合语意。exist表示“存在”，符合语意。 2．(2016·淄博模拟)________ a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work. A．It existed

　　B．There existed C．There had

　　D．It had 解析：选B。句意为：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed...有；存在；相当于There be...结构。 3．(2016·台州模拟)I was lucky enough to get on the train before it ________. A．pulled on

　　B．pulled down C．pulled in

　　D．pulled out 解析：选D。句意为：我很幸运在火车出站前坐上了车。pull out 出站；pull on 穿上；pull down 拆毁；pull in 进站。 短语精释 1in time　及时；终于，总有一天 (教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.　最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 归纳拓展 on time 准时；按时 in no time 立即；马上 at a time 一次；每次 at one time 曾经；一度 at times 有时 ahead of time 提前 take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来 ①(朗文P2162)Will you be back in time for dinner? 你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗？ ②The kids will be leaving home in_no_time. 孩子们很快就要离开家了。 ③(朗文P2162)I should be back in_time_to_watch the show. 我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。 ④The company fired him for not coming to work on time. 那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。 2in one’s turn　 轮到某人；接着 (教材P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物 。 归纳拓展 in turn 依次，轮流；反之，反过来 by turns轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 ①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak. 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。 ②The customer praised the manager,who in turn praised his staff.顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。 ③All theories are

　　from practice and in_turn serve practice. 所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。 ④Now it_is_your_turn_to look after the children. 现在轮到你照看孩子了。 3prevent...from　阻止；制止 (教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.　他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 归纳拓展 ①Once he has made up his mind，no one can prevent

　　him from carrying out the plan. 一旦他下定决心，谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。 ②(朗文P1612)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。 ③Measures have been taken to protect_the_rivers_from_being_polluted.已采取措施保护河水不受污染。 4cheer up　感到高兴；感到振奋 (教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.　我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。 Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars ——天文学：恒星科学 基础盘点自测自评 核心单词

　　1. They are both teachers.Otherwise they are ____________(不同) . 2. There are many different ____________(方法) to solve this problem. unlike methods 3．We have learnt that oceans cover two thirds of the

　　____________(表面) of the earth. 4．He has finished his new book and it will be

　　____________(出版) next month. surface published 5．Do you think our education ____________(制度) needs improving? 6．I agree with you in

　　____________(理论)，but practically I don’t think we have the time to do that. system theory 7．Thousands of turtles drag themselves onto the beach and

　　____________(下蛋) their eggs in the sand. 8．I noticed her looking at me with a ____________(迷惑的) stare. lay puzzled 9．用harm的适当形式填空 (1)Air pollution will get worse and this will be__________to people，for example，it can cause cancer. (2)Rubbish can be changed into____________things. harmful harmless (3)Don’t_______________your eyes by reading in the dim light. 10．Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more______________.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use______________whatever happens.(violent) harm violent violence 高频短语

　　1．________________及时，终于 2．________________

　　下蛋 3．________________

　　产生；分娩 4．________________

　　轮到某人；接着 in time lay eggs give birth to in one’s turn 5．________________

　　阻止；制止 6．________________

　　挡住(光线) 7．________________

　　感到高兴；感到振奋 8．________________

　　既然 9．________________

　　突发；爆发 10．________________

　　密切注视；当心；提防 prevent...from block out cheer up now that break out watch out 典型句式 1．what引导的主语从句 ____________________(它会变成什么样) was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. What it was to become 2．so...that... 如此……以至于…… The earth became _______________________(如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. so violent that 3．it作形式宾语的用法 This produced a chain reaction，which ___________________________________ (使得生命得以发展)． made it possible for life to develop 4．英语倍数表示法 But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried ________________(两倍远) on the earth and fell over. twice as far as 主语从句 1．(2016·福建四地六校联考)________ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food. 单元语法 A．As　 B．It C．That

　　D．What 解析：选D。考查主语从句。What在这里引导主语从句，选D项。此题要注意分析句子结构，如果题目改为：①________ is known to us all，the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.该句空处应用As， As引导非限制性定语从句；②________ is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.该句空处则应用It，It作形式主语。 2．(2016·河南四市联考)________you don’t like him is none of my business. A．What

　　B．If C．That

　　D．Whether 解析：选C。考查主语从句。That引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分；What引导主语从句时充当句子成分；If不能引导主语从句；Whether引导的主语从句应是肯定句。由语意可知C项正确。 3．(2016·河北重点中学联考)________surprises us most is that she doesn’t even know________the difference between the two lies. A．What；where　

　　B．All；which C．What；that

　　D．That；where 解析：选A。考查名词性从句。句意为：让我们最吃惊的是她竟然不知道两者的区别在哪儿。“What surprises us most”是主语从句，What在从句中作主语；“where the difference between the two lies”是宾语从句，where表示的是抽象地点。 4．(2016·福建质检)It never occurred to humans until the mid-1990s________some animals can be cloned. A．where

　　B．that C．when

　　D．what 解析：选B。考查名词性从句。本句中的It作形式主语，真正的主语是some animals can be cloned，根据名词性从句“缺什么，补什么”的原则,此处主语从句中不缺成分，所以只填连接词that，选B项。 5．(2016·唐山二模)It makes his life quite different______he has received higher education abroad. A．that

　　B．which C．what

　　D．how 解析：选A。考查主语从句。本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是“that he has received higher education abroad”。 考点串讲讲练互动 单词精研 1exist　vi. 存在，生存 (教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 归纳拓展 ①(牛津P697)They can’t exist on the money he’s earning. 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 ②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。 ③No one knows how this world came_into_existence. 没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。 2puzzle　n. 谜；难题　vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 (教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.　地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。 归纳拓展 (1)

　　(2)

　　(1)阻止，制止……

　　(2)protect sb.from/against...保护某人使免受……