2015届高考英语一轮复习教案：Module 1《Europe》（外研版必修三）

　　Module 1　Europe

　　My fantastic trip to Spain

　　【美文导读】　

　　充满惊喜的西班牙之旅让Anna忍不住把所遇到的奇闻轶事都写信告诉她的好朋友Laura。我们也一起来分享一下她的快乐旅程吧！

　　Dear Laura，

　　　 　Here I am in Granada，Spain！Can you believe it？I'm sitting in a park near the house I'm staying in. The weather is beautiful! The sun is shining and it's just beginning to get warm.

　　My host mother Rosa is very nice.She's much younger than I expected，and she lives with her five­year­old son Borja.He's so cute! Julie and I are staying in her apartment，along with two French girls and a boy from Michigan.The apartment is pretty crowded, but luckily I don't have to spend too much time there.

　　I've spent the past few days exploring the town with Lauren and Caitlin.Yesterday we went to the Alhambra(西班牙格拉纳达的摩尔人王宫)，which was one of the most amazing things I've ever seen.It's a huge fortress(要塞) built hundreds of years ago by the Muslims(伊斯兰教徒) who once lived in Granada.There are gardens and

　　fountains and intricate carvings all through the fortress.It's huge－I could have spent days in there!

　　That night we went to see flamenco dancing(弗拉曼戈舞). I loved it！You should have seen the way those dancers moved.After that, we went to dinner in the central square.The food here is pretty good—they have lots of “tapas，”which means appetizers(开胃菜)．

　　It's great to be visiting a foreign country whose language I actually speak. It's hard though，because when­

　　ever I have to talk to people I get nervous and forget everything.My Spanish is definitely getting better，though.

　　I had a great conversation with my host mother yesterday.We talked about politics, and it was so interesting to hear about her views. That's what I love about language：it allows people from completely different backgrounds to communicate with one another and to begin

　　to understand each other.

　　I love the culture here.The best part is the “siesta(午睡)”．Every afternoon，the shops close and everyone goes home to eat lunch and take a nap(小睡)．Then，they go back to work feeling completely refreshed! It's wonderful.I also love the fact that you can walk everywhere.

　　Lauren，Caitlin，and I are planning on going to the beach this weekend.It's supposed to rain，but I hope it doesn't！We also want to go horse riding in the mountains.I can't wait.

　　I'll be sure to write again soon! I miss you.

　　Much love,

　　Anna

　　【诱思导学】　

　　1．Do you want to go to Spain after reading the letter? List the reasons (at least two)．

　　【答案】　 Yes.Visiting the amazing thing the Alhambra; enjoying the wonderful food and flamenco dancing; practicing Spanish, etc.

　　2．Do you have a nap after lunch? What do you think of the siesta?

　　【答案】　Yes. After a nap(siesta), I can get down to my work feeling completely refreshed.

　　Period ⅠPreviewing

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●教学目标

　　本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

　　●教学地位

　　复习和学习一些欧洲国家、首都和语言名称，学习介绍这些国家地理位置的英语表达，为进一步学习和表达其他国家和地区的地理位置打下基础。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　教师挂出欧洲地图，分别指出法、意、希等六国，要求学生试着说出英语名称，请个别会的同学回答，即导入新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　Ⅰ.篇章结构

　　阅读P2的文章Great European Cities，完成下面表格

　　city's name country the

　　city belongs to famous places

　　in the city other special

　　features

　　Paris 1.

　　2.

　　，

　　famous for its

　　restaurants，cafes

　　and theatres

　　Barcelona 3.

　　4.

　　Florence 5.

　　6.

　　famous for

　　7．

　　Athens

　　8.

　　9.

　　10.known as

　　【答案】　1.France　2.the Eiffel Tower；the Louvre

　　3．Spain　4.the Church

　　of the Sagrada Familia　5.Italy

　　6．the Uffizi Palace　7.the Renaissance　8.Greece

　　9．the Parthenon　10.the birthplace of western civilization

　　Ⅱ.语篇理解

　　阅读P2的Reading and Vocabulary, 从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案

　　1．The main purpose of the passage is

　　.

　　A．to tell us some European cities and their characters

　　B．to describe some places of interest in Europe

　　C．to tell us some events and buildings that influenced Europe in history

　　2．The paragraph of Florence mainly tells us

　　.

　　A．many of Florence's most beautiful paintings were drawn by Leonardo da Vinci

　　B．There were some greatest painters of all time in Florence

　　C．Florence is famous for the Renaissance

　　3. Which city is known as the birthplace of western civilization?

　　A．ParisB．FlorenceC．Athens

　　4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Athens was the world's most powerful city two thousand five hundred years ago.

　　B．Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the north west coast.

　　C．Paris is one of the most beautiful cities in the world situated on the River Seine.

　　5．What is one of Barcelona's most famous landmarks?

　　A．The Eiffel Tower.

　　B．the Church of the Sagrada Familia.

　　C．The Uffizi Palace.

　　【答案】　1－5　A C C C B

　　Ⅲ.课文缩写

　　用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写produce；situate on；work on；influence；located in；powerful；the second largest city；symbol；last；landmark

　　PARIS

　　Paris is the capital and largest city of France，1.

　　the River Seine.The Eiffel Tower，the famous 2.

　　of Paris and one of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, are both 3.

　　Paris.

　　BARCELONA

　　Barcelona is 4.

　　of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast.One of Barcelona's most famous 5.

　　is the

　　Church of the Sagrada Familia，designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.Gaudi 6.

　　the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.

　　FLORENCE

　　Florence became famous because of the Renaissance，a great artistic movement which began in the 1,300s and 7.

　　for three hundred years. Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures 8.

　　by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.

　　ATHENS

　　Athens，known as the birthplace of western civilization，was the world's most 9.

　　city two thousand four hundred years ago.Buildings such as the Parthenon

　　on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens.Their work 10.

　　other writers ever since.

　　【答案】　1.situated on　2.symbol　3.located in　4.the second largest city　5.landmarks　6.worked on　7.lasted　8.were produced　9.powerful　10.has influenced

　　Ⅰ.词义搭配

　　1．landmark　A．from one side to the other side of sth./ on the other side of sth.

　　2．project

　　B．objects or buildings

　　easily seenand recognized from a distance

　　3．sculpture C．room or building for showing works of art

　　4．architect

　　D．a person who designs buildings and advise in their construction

　　5．birthplace

　　E．a plan or proposal；a scheme

　　6．ancient

　　F．very old or belonging to times long ago

　　7．across

　　G．the place where someone was born

　　8．gallery

　　H．the art of making beautifulshapes out of stone or wood, etc.

　　【答案】　1.B　2.E　3.H　4.D　5.G　6.F　7.A　8.C

　　Ⅱ.短语填空ever since；be known for；be situated on；work on；because of；of all time；have a great influence on sb./sth.；be faced with sth.

　　1．She

　　a difficult decision.

　　2．My bedroom

　　the top floor of the building.

　　3．I

　　all night

　　that article.

　　4．He didn't go to school

　　his illness.

　　5．Many considered him the best singer

　　.

　　6．Mo Yan

　　his winning the Nobel Prize for Arts.

　　7．What a teacher says and does

　　his students.

　　8．He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him

　　.

　　【答案】　1.is faced with　2.is situated on　3.worked；on

　　4．because of　5.of all time　6.is famous for　7.have a great influence on　8.ever

　　since

　　Ⅲ.句型背诵

　　1．Paris is the capital and largest city of

　　France，situated on the River Seine.It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.

　　巴黎是法国的首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落在塞纳河畔。巴黎是世界上最漂亮的城市之一，每年有超过八百万的游客来这里旅游。

　　2．The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two­thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris.

　　这个城市也以餐馆、咖啡馆和剧院而闻名。法国大约三分之二的艺术家和作家都生活在巴黎。

　　3．Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast，about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital，Madrid.

　　巴塞罗那是西班牙的第二大城市，它位于西班牙东北海岸，大概在离西班牙首都马德里东边五百千米的地方。

　　4．One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia，which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.

　　巴塞罗那最著名的地标之一就是圣家堂，是由建筑师安东尼奥·甘地设计的。

　　5．Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.

　　佛罗伦萨是意大利的一座城市，这座城市因文艺复兴而变得著名。文艺复兴是一次大型的文艺运动，开始于13世纪，持续了三百年。

　　Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●教学目标

　　(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

　　(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解这些单词和短语，并能运用这些词语造句。

　　(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。

　　●教学地位

　　学习词汇，阅读介绍欧洲著名城市的文章，了解其地理位置、文化和艺术特色。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　让学生辨认Activity 1中的四幅城市图，试着说出课文文段分别描述的是哪一张图表示的城市，并给出理由，由此引出the Eiffel Tower，the Louvre，the Renaissance等词汇，在此基础上，导入新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　1．off the coast 在海岸线附近(离陆地不远的海面上)

　　The United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.(教材P1)

　　英国位于欧洲西北部大陆海岸线附近。

　　Our house is about 20 meters off the main road.

　　我们家离大街大约有20米远。

　　off the coast/on the coast/along the coast

　　on the coast 指在离海面附近的陆地上。

　　off the coast

　　指离陆地不远的海面上。

　　along the coast 指沿着海岸。

　　I once stayed in a town on the south coast of England.

　　我曾在英格兰南海岸的一座城市里住过。

　　He died in a shipwreck off the south coast.

　　他丧生于南部一带的一次海难。

　　They traveled on the steamboat along the coast.

　　他们坐着小汽船沿着海岸旅行。

　　用适当的介词填空

　　①The Gulangyu Island is a tourist island

　　the coast of Xiamen，Fujian province in southern China，about 1 square km in area.

　　②The People's Republic of China is situated in the eastern part of the Asian continent，

　　the western coast of the Pacific.

　　【答案】　①off　②on

　　2．France is Europe's third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.(教材P1)法国是欧洲第三大国，越过英吉利海峡与英国隔海相望。

　　(1)face vt. 面对；面向

　　Face the fearful with no fears, and its fearfulness disappears.(saying)见怪不怪，其怪自败。(谚语)

　　We should face the difficulties/enemy/danger bravely.

　　我们应该勇敢地面对困难/敌人/危险。

　　Our classroom faces (to/towards the) south.

　　我们的教室面朝南。

　　face n．脸；相貌；表面；表情

　　vt.转向，面向，面临；必须对付；承认；正视

　　face sth.面对……

　　be faced with sth. 面临，面对

　　face up to勇敢地对付(敌人、困难等)，面对(讨厌的事实等)

　　face to face

　　面对面

　　in (the) face of不顾(问题、困难等)

　　lose/save one's face失面子，丢脸/挽回面子

　　make a face/faces

　　做鬼脸

　　　Judging from his worried face，we knew that he must have had some trouble.

　　从他焦急的脸色判断，我们知道他肯定有麻烦了。

　　My bedroom faces/(to the) south.我的卧室朝南。

　　The company is facing a financial crisis.

　　公司正面临财政危机。

　　She is faced with a difficult decision.

　　她眼前有一项难作的决定。

　　【提示】　facing和faced作状语时，因face为及物动词，facing后跟名词或代词作宾语，而faced后要跟with。

　　Faced with/Facing a difficult situation in the 2016 general election, Obama decided to face up to it bravely.

　　在2016年的大选中面临困境，奥巴马决定勇敢地面对。

　　完成句子

　　①他应该勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。

　　He must

　　the fact that he is no longer young.

　　②老师转过身去，那个淘气的男孩就冲她做了个鬼脸。

　　The naughty boy

　　at his teacher when she turned back.

　　【答案】　①face up to　②made a face

　　单项填空

　　③

　　the global financial crisis，the Chinese

　　government has taken many measures

　　people's life to deal with it.

　　A．Facing with；related　B．Faced；relating to

　　C．Faced with；relating

　　D．Facing；related to

　　【解析】　句意：中国政府面临全球性金融危机，已采取了许多与民生有关的措施来应对。表示“面对”时，用faced with和facing皆可；第二个空用related to或relating to表示“与……有关的”，结合两空格，选D项。

　　【答案】　D

　　(2)across

　　prep.从……一边到另一边，横过；在……对面

　　I drew a line across the page.

　　我在这一页上画了一条横线。

　　Where's the nearest bridge across the river?

　　过河最近的桥在哪儿？

　　There's a bank right across the street.

　　街对面就有一家银行。

　　【提示】　across还可用作副词，意为“从一边到另一边；横过；在对面”。

　　The river is too wide；we can't swim across.

　　这条河太宽了，我们游不过去。

　　When my name was called, he looked across at me.

　　当叫到我的名字的时候，他从那边朝我看过来。

　　There’s a school just across from our house.

　　有一所学校就在我们房子对面。

　　The river is 500 meters across.

　　这条河有500米宽。

　　【巧学助记】

　　across/over/through

　　across

　　指从表面穿过，强调从某个平面的一边到另一边，常与street，road，bridge，river，square等词连用。

　　through

　　指从内部或立体空间穿过，常与wood，forest，valley，crowd等词连用。

　　over

　　侧重于越过某一高大物体，具有动态之意。

　　Do be careful when you go across the road.

　　横穿马路一定要当心啊。

　　The horse jumped over the fence.

　　那匹马跳过栅栏。

　　The thief came in through the window.

　　小偷是从窗户爬进来的。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2016·北京高考)Do you think this shirt is too tight

　　the shoulders?

　　A．at

　　B．on

　　C．to

　　D．across

　　【解析】　句意：你觉得这件衬衫肩膀处太紧了吗？本题考查介词的基本用法。across the shoulders指肩宽，两肩的距离，故选择D项。

　　【答案】　D

　　完成句子

　　④Don't run

　　the road until you're sure it is safe.

　　⑤They walked

　　the forest without any difficulty.

　　⑥The boy was climbing

　　the fence at that time.

　　⑦The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，

　　deserts，

　　mountains，

　　valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.

　　【答案】　④across　⑤through　⑥over

　　⑦across；over；through

　　3．Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.(教材P1)

　　意大利在欧洲的南部，位于地中海沿岸。

　　Taiwan is in the southeast of China and to the east of Fujian.台湾在中国东南、福建东部。

　　Chongqing lies in the southwest of China and is on the Yangtze River. 重庆在中国西南，坐落在长江沿岸。

　　lie on/lie in/lie to

　　lie on 与……相邻，紧挨着，强调接壤，在……(河，湖)畔或道路沿线。

　　lie in

　　在一个范围内。

　　lie to 隔……相望，在某处范围之外，不强调是否接壤.

　　Japan lies/is to the east of China.

　　日本位于中国的东部。

　　Mexico is (on the)south of the U．S.

　　墨西哥位于美国的南面。

　　Beijing lies in the north of China.北京在中国的东部。

　　Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan.

　　广东省跟湖南省接壤。

　　London lies on the Thames.伦敦位于泰晤士湖畔。

　　用适当的介词填空

　　①Shanxi is

　　the north of China.

　　②Beijing lies

　　the north of Shanghai.

　　③Xiamen lies

　　the coast of China.

　　④Hainan is

　　the southern coast of China.

　　⑤Nanchang is

　　the Jingjiu Railway.

　　【答案】　①in 　②to　③on　④off　⑤on

　　4．Between France and Spain is another mountain range －the Pyrenees.(教材P1)法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉—比利牛斯山脉。

　　(1)这是一个全部倒装的句子，其正常的顺序为：Another mountain range－the Pyrenees is between France and Spain.全部倒装是指将句子的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，其结构常为：

　　表方位的副词或地点状语＋谓语动词＋主语＋其他

　　①以here/there/now/then等副词或表示地点的介词短语作状语如：in the middle of/on top of/in front of/at the back of/behind.../nearby.../at the foot of...开头，谓语动词常为be，come，go，lie等的句子常全部倒装。

　　There goes the bell！铃响了！

　　Look！Here comes the taxi.看！出租车来了！

　　On the top of the hill stands an old temple.

　　山顶上有一座破庙。

　　②在up/down/in/out/away/off等副词开头的句子中，为了使情景更生动，句子常全部倒装。

　　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

　　导弹从轰炸机下面冲了出来。

　　③为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧，把介词短语和形容词提到句首，引起完全倒装。

　　Gone are the days when we were young and happy.

　　我们年轻、快乐的日子一去不复返了。

　　【提示】　上述全部倒装结构，主语须是名词，若主语为人称代词则不倒装。

　　Away they went.他们走了。

　　Here he comes.他来了。

　　①At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River

　　，one of the largest cities in China.

　　A．lies ChongqingB．Chongqing lies

　　C．does lie Chongqing　

　　D．does Chongqing lies

　　【解析】　表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　②On the wall

　　two pictures.

　　A．are hungB．hungC．hangsD．are hanged

　　【解析】　表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首，完全倒装。主语是two pictures，所以谓语动词用复数hung。

　　【答案】　B

　　③In the dark forests

　　，some large enough to hold several English towns.

　　A．stand many lakes

　　B．lie many lakes

　　C．many lakes lie

　　D．many lakes stand

　　【解析】　地点状语位于句首时，句子用完全倒装，stand一般表示高大的东西，而此处说的是lakes，故用lie。

　　【答案】　B

　　(2)range n．一系列；范围；变化 vt.涉及；排列

　　①range from...to...在……范围内变动

　　range between...and...在……和……范围内变动

　　②a wide range of一系列……

　　a full range of各种……

　　in/within range在射程以内，在……范围内

　　beyond/out of range在射程外，在……范围外

　　out of one's range某人能力达不到的

　　The firm will provide us with an interesting range of books and videos.

　　这家公司将提供给我们一批有趣的书籍和录像带。

　　We have students from a wide range of backgrounds.

　　我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。

　　There is a magnificent range of mountains in the borderland. 在边境地带有连绵不断的雄伟山脉。

　　The tree is within range of vision.这棵树在视野之内。

　　The prices of the dolls range from$5 to$100.

　　这些布娃娃的价格从5美元到100美元不等。

　　The discussion ranged over various problems.

　　这次讨论涉及了种种问题。

　　④—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree ?

　　—No，it's out of

　　.

　　A. rangeB. controlC. reachD. distance

　　【解析】　句意：——你能射中树顶上的鸟吗？——不能，它不在射程之内。out of range 在(射程)范围外；out of reach(手)够不着，力量不及；out of control 失控的；out of distance太远。

　　【答案】　A

　　5．Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands. (教材P1)

　　这个国家有百分之二十的部分是岛屿。

　　本句的主语是百分数twenty percent，谓语动词是is covered。分数或百分数作主语时，谓语的数要与分数或百分数所指代的名词保持一致。在这一句话中， is covered与the country一致，故用单数。

　　Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.在那个地区有五分之二的面积有花草。

　　More than thirty percent of the students are from Africa.

　　多于百分之三十的学生是非洲人。

　　①We have fifty workshops in our factory，but only one fifth

　　able to be used and the rest

　　empty.

　　A．is；standsB．are；stand

　　C．was；stood

　　D．were；stood

　　【解析】　考查主谓一致和时态。带有分数、百分数的名词短语或相当于分数、百分数的some(of...)，most(of...)，the rest (of...)等作主语时，根据of后名词的单复数来确定谓语的单复数，若将of短语省略，要根据前边出现过的它们所指代的名词的单复数确定谓语的单复数，此题中前边的名词workshops为复数名词，谓语应该用复数；根据第一分句的时态判断出第二分句也应该用一般现在时。

　　【答案】　B

　　②The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third

　　used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.

　　A．is

　　B．are

　　C．was

　　D．were

　　【解析】　此处one third指的是computers，故为复数；从和now对比中可知，这说的是过去的事了。

　　【答案】　D

　　6．Paris is the capital and largest city of France，situated on the River Seine.(教材P2) 巴黎是法国的首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落在塞纳河畔。

　　(1)句中situated on the River Seine是过去分词作定语。作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。

　　过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。

　　The concert given by their friends was a success.

　　他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。

　　The only car repaired by the mechanic is mine.

　　机械师修理的那辆车是我的。

　　(2)situated adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的；(人)处于……境遇/地位的

　　be badly/well situated境况困难/良好

　　be situated on/in/at...位于……的；坐落在……的；处于……地位/境遇/状态的

　　situate vt.使……坐落/建于某处

　　situation n．立场；局势；地理位置；形势

　　in a．..situation在……形势下；处于……状况中

　　Microsoft is well situated to exploit this new market.

　　微软具备良好的条件开拓这个新市场。

　　His parents died in an accident and left him an orphan.He was badly situated at the moment.他的父母死于一场意外事故，他成了孤儿。目前他处境艰难。

　　That is a small town situated just(to the)south of Cleveland.那是一个地处克利夫兰以南的小城。

　　The company wants to situate its headquarters in the north.那个公司想把总部设在北方。

　　What would you do if you were in my situation?

　　假如你处于我的情况，你会怎么办？

　　situate/locate/lie/stand

　　situate 动词形式比较少用，一般用过去分词作形容词。此时相当于be located，表示“位于某处”。同时也可用于描述人或事物，意为“处于……境况的”，be located 无此义。

　　locate 表示“确定某物位置”，可以用被动形式或主动形式。

　　lie 指有一定面积的某物“延伸在(到)……”；另外，也可以意为“躺”。

　　stand 指有一定高度的建筑等“矗立，站立”在某处。

　　四个词后面的介词用in表示在某范围内；to表示在某范围外；on表示相邻或在上面；off表示离开一段距离在不远的地方。

　　The big city is situated on the coast of Huanghai Sea.

　　这个大城市坐落于黄海之滨。

　　The small village，located/situated at the foot of the mountain，has become a holiday resort.

　　坐落于山脚下的那个小村庄也成了度假村。

　　Hainan Province，lies/is located/is situated in the south of China.海南省位于中国南部。

　　There stands a tall tower on the top of the mountain.

　　在山顶上耸立着一座高塔。

　　完成句子

　　①这所学校位于郊外。

　　The school

　　the suburbs.

　　②有六个孩子，又没有收入，这个寡妇处境困难。

　　Having six children and no income，the widow

　　.

　　③这所学校坐落于城市的周边。

　　The school

　　the edge of the city.

　　【答案】　①is situated in　②was badly situated　③is situated on/is located on/stand on

　　7．The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Pairs. (教材P2)最受游客欢迎的地方是艾菲尔铁塔，它是巴黎的象征。

　　(1)句子中the famous symbol of Pairs是the Eiffel Tower的同位语，起解释说明的作用。

　　一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。

　　He was a good captain，one that often looked after his seamen.他是一个好船长，一个经常照顾船员的船长。

　　Gao Xiumin，a well­known comedy actress, died on 18, August,2005.高秀敏，著名的喜剧演员，于2005年8月18日不幸逝世。

　　(2)symbol用作可数名词，意思为“象征(of sth.)；符号，记号(for sth.)”。

　　White has always been a symbol of purity in western cultures.在西方文化中，白色一向象征纯洁。

　　The lion is the symbol of courage.狮子是勇敢的象征。

　　What is the chemical symbol for copper?

　　铜的化学符号是什么？

　　On maps, a cross is the symbol for a church.

　　在地图上，十字代表教堂。

　　symbol/mark/sign/signal

　　symbol 符号，记号或象征，尤其指用有形实物代替抽象的实体。

　　mark 标记，斑点，痕迹，分数，记号，为某一特定目的而做的标记或有意，无意留下的痕迹。

　　sign 符号，招牌，征兆，记号，手势，代表有固定意义的符号或标记。

　　signal 信号，暗号；指示灯，信号灯；多侧重于声音或动作的暗示。

　　Scientists have found no signs of life on Mars so far.

　　到目前为止，科学家们还没有在火星上发现有生命的迹象。

　　The rose is the symbol of love.玫瑰花是爱情的象征。

　　Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.

　　把问号放在句末。

　　用symbol/mark/sign/signal填空

　　①Put a

　　on it and you will remember.

　　②Can't you read that “No Talking”

　　？

　　③The red circle at the top of the sign is the

　　for Transport for London.

　　④The policeman gave the

　　to stop walking.

　　【答案】　①mark　②sign　③symbol　④signal

　　8．One of the Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia，which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. (教材P2)巴塞罗那最著名的地标是圣家赎罪堂，它是建筑大师Antonio Gaudi设计的。

　　(1)这是一个由关系代词which 引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Church of the Sagrada Familia 进行补充说明。有时which 可指前面整个句子的内容。

　　He has passed the college entrance examination，which makes his parents quite happy.

　　他通过了大学入学考试，这令他的父母很高兴。

　　(2)design n．图样，设计，图案；目的，意向 v. 设计；控制

　　This is a design for the garden.

　　这是那座花园的设计图。

　　His evil designs were frustrated.

　　他的罪恶意图未能得逞。

　　She is designing dresses for the singer.

　　她在为这位歌手设计服装。

　　He designed a plot for its new novel.

　　他为他的新小说拟定情节。

　　①by design故意地；蓄意地

　　have designs on对……抱不良企图；图谋加害于

　　②design sth. for sb./sth.设计；制图；构思

　　be designed to do sth. (为……目的专门)设计

　　We don't know if it was done by accident or by design.

　　我们不知道那是偶然的，还是故意的。

　　This weekend party is designed to bring the two musicians together.

　　这次周末聚会的用意是使两位音乐家见面。

　　完成句子

　　①瓷砖有各种各样的颜色和图案。

　　The tiles come in a huge range of

　　.

　　②他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。

　　They asked me to

　　for the campaign.

　　③老师和学生共同设计的教学楼正在建设中。

　　The teaching building，

　　，is being built now.

　　(3)句子中的called Antonio Gandi 是过去分词短语作后置定语。修饰物architect，相当于定语从句who was called。

　　There will be several new events added to the program for the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games.这些体育项目将被加在2016里约热内卢奥林匹克运动会的比赛项目中。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2016·湖南高考)You cannot accept an opinion

　　to you unless it is based on facts.

　　A．offering

　　B．to offer

　　C．having offered

　　D．offered

　　9．work on 致力于；从事

　　Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.The church hasn't been finished yet！(教材P2)

　　高迪从1882年起从事这次工程直至1926年逝世。

　　教堂至今还未完工！

　　I worked all night on that article.

　　我通宵在写那篇文章。

　　She's outside working on the car.

　　她在外面修理汽车。

　　His charm doesn't work on me. 我不为他的魅力所动。

　　My parents spent the weekend working on me to go on holiday with them.

　　爸妈用了一个周末来说服我和他们一起度假去。

　　work at 做；从事；学习

　　work against sb.对某人不利

　　work out 算出；解决；制订出；按某种方式发生

　　work for sth.争取；努力取得

　　work wonders 创造奇迹

　　Juan's English isn't very good，but he works at it.

　　胡安的英语不太好，可他很用功学习。

　　Tax laws tend to work against small organizations.

　　税法往往不利于小机构。

　　You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers.你把所有的数加在一起就能算出答案。

　　Things have worked out quite well for us.

　　事情的结果对我们很不错。

　　She devoted her life to working for peace.

　　她为争取和平奉献了自己的一生。

　　用work at/work on/work out填空

　　①He was

　　a report about the harms of smoking when I visited him.

　　②It is time for us to

　　a plan.

　　③The medicine the doctor gave him

　　his illness.

　　④You'll solve this problem if you really

　　it.

　　【答案】　①working on　②work out　③worked on　④work at

　　10．Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance，a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.(教材P2)佛罗伦萨是意大利的一个城市，因文艺复兴而著名，文艺复兴是一个起源于14世纪，持续了300年之久的伟大的艺术运动。

　　(1)because of因为；由于

　　because为从属连词，后跟一个完整的句子构成原因状语从句而because of则是一个介词短语，后接名词或动名词

　　He didn't go to school because of his illness.

　　＝ He didn't go to school because he was ill.

　　他没去上学是因为生病了。

　　①thanks to这一短语介词，含有“幸亏、多亏、亏得、依赖、依靠、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语，可以表达正面意思(近似于原意“感谢”)，也可用于讽刺口吻中(近似于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。它引导的短语在句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，也可以置于句末。

　　②owing to意为“由于，因为”，在句中通常用作状语，可置于句首或句末。

　　③due to意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般用作表语或定语，但在很多场合也可与owing to通用，作状语。 这一用法在现今英语中也很流行，但不如owing to那么严谨。

　　④as a result of意为 “由于……的结果”，一般用作状语。

　　⑤on account of意为“因……缘故，由于”，它引导的短语在句中通常作状语，可置于句首或句末。

　　My mother is getting better and better，thanks to the doctor.

　　多亏了医生，我母亲才一天天康复起来。(感谢的口吻)

　　Thanks to your help，I passed the test.

　　幸亏有你的帮助，我通过了考验。(正面意思)

　　Owing to my absence，they had to put off the class meeting till next week.

　　由于我不在，他们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。

　　Xiao Wang could not come to the ball(，)owing to a bad cold.因为得了重感冒，小王没能去打(踢)球。

　　The accident is due to your careless driving.

　　那件意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。

　　He was late as a result of the traffic jam.

　　由于交通阻塞，他迟到了。

　　The train was delayed on account of a heavy snow.

　　由于一场大雪火车来迟了。

　　句型转换

　　①他因考试作弊受到老师的惩罚。

　　He was punished by his teacher because of his cheating on exams.

　　→He was punished by his teacher

　　.

　　→He cheated on exams;

　　，he was punished by his teacher.

　　【答案】　because he cheated on exams; as a result

　　(2)last vi.继续；延续；持久；足够维持

　　The meeting only lasted (for) a few minutes.

　　会议只开了几分钟。

　　The weather won't last.

　　这种天气持续不了多久。

　　Doctors say that she probably won't last the night.

　　医生说她很可能活不过今晚。

　　We've got enough food to last (us) (for) three days.

　　我们的食物足够维持三天。

　　②The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and

　　only thirty minutes.

　　A. keeps　B. continues

　　C. finishes

　　D. lasts

　　【解析】　句意：晚间资讯(节目)每天7：00开始，持续30分钟。finish 完成，为瞬间动词；keep保存，保留，持续某种状态；continue继续做……；仍旧。只有last 后跟持续的时间。

　　【答案】　D

　　11．of all time 有史以来；自古以来；从未有过

　　During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. (教材P2)在文艺复兴期间，历史上一些最伟大的画家在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。

　　Many rated him the best singer of all time.

　　许多人认为他是有史以来最优秀的歌手。

　　Einstein is one of the greatest physicists of all time.

　　爱因斯坦是有史以来最伟大的物理学家之一。

　　at all times 总是；随时；永远

　　at times 有时；间或

　　at a time每次；逐一；依次

　　at one time曾经；一个时期；一度

　　at no time 决不；在任何时候都不

　　in no time 立刻；马上

　　in time 及时；迟早

　　on time 按时；准时

　　用适当的短语填空

　　①Beethoven, the greatest musician

　　， had a great influence on the modern composition of music.

　　②If you keep on, you will succeed

　　.

　　【答案】　①of all time　②in time

　　12．be known as作为……而著名(常与表示身份、地位和职业的名词连用)

　　Athens，the capital of Greece，is known as the

　　birthplace of western civilization. (教材P2)雅典是希腊的首都，作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名于世。

　　Mo Yan is known as the first Chinese who has won the Nobel Prize for Arts.

　　莫言作为获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国第一人而闻名。

　　be known for 因……而出名

　　be known to sb.被某人所了解或知道

　　It's well known that.../As is known to all，.../What is known to all is that...众所周知……

　　be famous as以……而著名

　　He is best known for his work on the human brain.

　　他在人脑的研究方面最为知名。

　　The man is known to the police.

　　这男人是在警方挂了号的。

　　It is (well) known that theory comes from practice.

　　众所周知，理论源于实践。

　　单项填空

　　①Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company，

　　as 3M.

　　A．knowing　B．known

　　C．being known

　　D．to be known

　　【解析】　be known as...以……著称，用过去分词known 作the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company 的定语，相当于定语从句which was known as 3M。

　　【答案】　B

　　句型转换

　　②杨利伟作为中国第一个被送上太空的飞行员而著名。

　　Yang Liwei is known as the first pilot sent to space in China.

　　→

　　is known(to all) that Yang Liwei is the first pilot sent to space in China.

　　→

　　is known to all, Yang Liwei is the first pilot sent to space in China.

　　→

　　is known to all is that Yang Liwei is the first pilot sent to space in China.

　　【答案】　It；As；What

　　完成句子

　　③大部分年轻人都熟知周杰伦。

　　Zhou Jielun (Jay)

　　most of the young people.

　　【答案】　is known to

　　13．Their works has influenced other writers ever since. (教材P2)他们的作品从那时起就一直影响着别的作家。

　　(1)influence vt.影响；对……起作用

　　His writings have influenced the lives of millions.

　　他的作品影响了千百万人的一生。

　　A number of social factors influence life expectancy.

　　诸多社会因素左右着人的预期寿命。

　　①influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事

　　have an influence on sb./sth.对……产生影响

　　infulence n．影响，作用；影响力，势力

　　have influence on/over sb./sth.对……有影响力

　　under the influence of 受……影响

　　What a teacher says and does have a great influence on his students.教师的言行对学生影响很大。

　　Her parents no longer have any real influence over her.

　　她的父母对她不再有真正的约束力了。

　　My father influenced me to accept the job.

　　我父母影响我接受这项工作。

　　influence/result/effect

　　influence

　　影响，指对周围一切或今后历史等产生的影响，常指深远的影响。有时指具有影响力，左右局势的人或事件。

　　result 结果，影响，指某一行动、计划或事件带来的直接后果。

　　effect

　　结果，效果，指某一行动、计划事件带来的间接后果或某一事物产生的效应。

　　用influence/result/effect填空

　　①She died as a

　　of her injuries.

　　②Doing it like that will have a bad

　　on you.

　　③Clawde's work had a major

　　on generations of musicians.

　　【答案】　①result　②effect　③influence

　　(2)ever since

　　①自……以来/以后，表示动作从过去的某一时间为起点，持续到现在，常与现在完成时连用，可以单独使用，也可以后接表时间的单词、短语等。

　　I have known her ever since then.

　　从那以后我就认识她了。

　　He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him ever since.

　　他两周前离家外出，我们至今还没有他的音信。

　　②引导时间状语从句，从句中谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，且谓语动词要用延续性动词。

　　Mr. Smith has lived here ever since he came to China. (正)史密斯先生自从来到中国一直住在这里。

　　Mr. Smith has bought many Chinese books ever since he came to China. (误)

　　史密斯先生自从来到中国已买了很多汉语书籍。

　　这里buy是“非延续性”动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，应换成have的过去分词。即：Mr. Smith has had many Chinese books ever since he came to China.

　　①It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句(过去时)

　　注意：since从句中的动词是非延续性动词，表示该动作开始有多久了，若since从句中的动词是延续性动词，则表示该动作终止有多久了。

　　主句现在完成时＋从句(过去时)

　　②It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)

　　“要过多久才……”

　　It's two weeks since he joined the army.

　　他参军两周了。(非延续性动词)

　　我不住在这儿三个月了。(延续性动词)

　　It will not be long before he knows the truth.

　　过不了多久，他就会知道真相。

　　单项填空

　　④The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power

　　increased enormously ever since.

　　A．isB．wasC．has beenD．had been

　　【解析】　根据ever since (从那时，一直到现在)应用现在完成时。

　　【答案】　C

　　⑤

　　Bill this morning but I

　　him ever since.

　　A．have seen；haven't seen

　　B．saw；haven't seen

　　C．saw；didn't see

　　D．had seen；haven't seen

　　【解析】由时间状语this morning可知应用一般过去时，而根据ever since知第二空应用现在完成时态。

　　【答案】　B

　　翻译句子

　　⑥It is 3 years since he smoked.

　　⑦It is 3 years since he began to smoke.

　　【答案】　⑥他不吸烟有3年了。　⑦他吸烟有3年了。

　　用since 和before填空

　　⑧我不住在这儿三个月了。

　　It's three months

　　I lived here.

　　⑨两年之后我们才再次相见。

　　It was two years

　　we met each other again.

　　【答案】　⑧since　⑨before

　　Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●教学目标

　　(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

　　(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解这些单词和短语，并能运用这些词语造句。

　　(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。

　　(4)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用被动语态的现在式和过去式以及主谓一致。

　　●教学地位

　　通过FUNCTION学会运用不同介词表达不同位置。GRAMMAR1进一步明确和运用被动语态的现在式和过去式。GRAMMAR 2讨论主谓语一致的问题，帮助学生解决英语学习中的难点，培养抽象思维能力。LISTENING通过听力活动了解另外三个城市的情况，进一步训练获取信息的能力。PRONUNCIATION AND EVERYDAY ENGLISH通过对question tags的准确语调表达，学会表达肯定和疑问语气，使其为意思的准确表达和对话的顺利进行服务

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　1．next to(教材P4)相邻；靠近

　　Peter sat next to Paul on the sofa.

　　彼得挨着保罗坐在沙发上。

　　My desk is next to Kate's.

　　我的桌子与凯特的邻近。

　　nex to的其他意思：

　　①following in order or importance after sb./sth.仅次于；紧接

　　②almost几乎

　　nex to nothing几乎没有，极少

　　③in comparison with sb./sth.与……相比

　　next to last倒数第二

　　next to none不比任何人差的

　　Next to her，I'm a very poor cook.

　　跟她相比，我只不过是个贫穷的厨师。

　　He knows next to nothing about antiques.

　　他对古董几乎一无所知。

　　In this town，it is next to impossible for a stranger to find a hotel.在这个城镇里，一个陌生人要找到一个旅馆几乎是不可能的。

　　Next to skiing my favorite sport is skating.

　　我最喜欢的运动除了/仅次于滑雪就是溜冰。

　　完成句子

　　①有个小女孩坐在他旁边。

　　There was a girl

　　him.

　　②这匹马在比赛中跑了个倒数第二。

　　The horse came

　　in the race.

　　③我最喜欢数学，其次是物理。

　　maths，I like physics best.

　　④哭几乎没用。

　　It is

　　to cry.

　　【答案】　①sitting next to　②next to last　③Next to

　　④next to useless

　　2．opposite(教材P4)adj.相对的，对面的；对立的，相反的；对等的，对应的n.相反的事物，对立的人(或物)；反面prep. 在……对面adv. 在对面

　　Black and white are opposites.黑和白正好相反。

　　The library is on the opposite side of the road from the school.图书馆在学校马路对面。

　　Martha's not shy at all－just the opposite in fact.

　　玛莎一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。

　　The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.

　　坐在我们对面的人看上去很面熟。

　　He lives opposite.他住在对面。

　　on the opposite side在反对一方

　　be opposite to

　　在……对面； 与……相反

　　just the opposite 恰恰相反

　　in the opposite direction朝相反的方向

　　the opposite sex异性

　　opposition n. 反对；敌对；对抗

　　opposite/contrary

　　opposite 指“对面的”，指处于相对的位置，不一定有对抗的含意，强调分离。

　　contrary 指“对立的”，常有对抗的意思，强调冲突。

　　“Hot”and“cold” are contrary terms.

　　热和冷是两个相对的概念。

　　“Black” and “White” are opposite.黑白是截然相反的。

　　单项填空

　　①There is a fine little cafe

　　this house.Cross the street and you'll be there.

　　A．on the contrary of　B．opposite to

　　C．in front of

　　D．opposite from

　　【解析】　on the contrary of“相反”，指“两物朝相反的方向发展”，含有“互相冲突，不一致”的意思。从后一句话的意思分析，咖啡馆在街对面，故选用B项。

　　【答案】　B

　　②The school

　　the hospital.

　　A．opposite

　　B．opposite to

　　C．is opposite to

　　D．is the opposite

　　【解析】　句意：学校在医院对面。opposite不可用作动词，根据其结构可知答案为C。

　　【答案】　C

　　完成句子

　　③她没有犯错误，恰恰相反，她所做的是正确的。

　　She didn't make a mistake，

　　， what she did was right.

　　④他们朝着相反的方向走着。

　　They were walking in

　　.

　　【答案】　③just the opposite；④opposite directions

　　3．have something in common with 与……有共通点；有共同之处；有相同之处

　　What have the words family，team and class got in common? (教材P7)

　　单词family，team and class有什么相同之处？

　　If you enjoy writing at all, you and Paul Laurence Dunbar have something in common.如果你喜欢写作，你就和保罗·劳伦斯·邓巴有共同的特点了。

　　I am glad that we have something in common with each other.我很高兴我们相互有共同之处。

　　have a lot/much/a great deal in common(with...) (与……)有很多共同之处

　　have not much/nothing/little in common(with...)与(……)没多少/没有共同之处

　　in common with 与……相同

　　Tom and John are twins but they have nothing in common.

　　Tom 和 John是双胞胎但是却毫无相同之处。

　　Britain，in common with many other industrialized countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.与许多其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去的100年里经历了重大变化。

　　单项填空

　　①

　　many people，he prefers classical music to pop.

　　A．In commonB．In common with

　　C．Out of common

　　D．Out of common with

　　【解析】　in common with...“与……相同”，固定结构。

　　【答案】　B

　　句型转换

　　②Jane and I have nothing in common.

　　→I

　　Jane.

　　【答案】　have nothing in common with

　　完成句子

　　③我们发现彼此有很多共同点，很合得来。

　　We found that

　　and we got on well.

　　④和大多数年轻人一样，他喜爱踢足球看球赛。

　　，he enjoys playing and watching football.

　　【答案】　③we had a lot in common with each other

　　④In common with most young people

　　4．France and Germany aren't going to sign the agreement.(教材P7)法德两国还没打算签订协议。

　　(1)sign vt.签名；签署vi.签名；做手势(示意)

　　You forgot to sign the cheek! 你忘了在支票上签字！

　　The artist signed his name in the corner of the painting. 画家在画的角上署了名。

　　Sign here, please. 请在这里签字。

　　He was signing to me crazily to not mention anything about Jack.

　　他拼命地向我打手势，叫我不要提起杰克的任何事。

　　She signed for us to go inside.

　　她打手势让我们进去。

　　sign in签到/签名

　　sign out登记离开

　　sign up (for sth.)报名参加

　　sign off 结束写信

　　sign away签字(放弃)

　　sign for签收

　　sign on(使)签约受雇，受聘

　　sign with...与……签约

　　Remember to sign in at the reception table and sign out at the office.记住要在接待处签到，在办公室登记离开。

　　I'm thinking of signing up for the French course this term.我在考虑报名参加这个学期的法语课。

　　It's getting late so I'll sign off now，love John.

　　时间不早了，我就此搁笔。爱你的约翰。

　　单项填空

　　①I was driving around the corner when a policeman

　　to me to stop.

　　A．showed

　　B．expressed

　　C．signed

　　D．warned

　　【解析】　sign to sb. to do sth.招手示意某人做某事。语境为“警察打手势让我停车。”

　　【答案】　C

　　完成句子

　　②基于安全考虑，请在抵达大楼时签到，离去时签退。

　　For safety reasons，please sign

　　when you arrive at the building，and sign

　　when you leave.

　　③我哥哥签了五年在这家公司工作的合同。

　　My brother

　　for five years in

　　the company.

　　【答案】　②in；out　③signed on

　　(2)agreement n．协议；契约；同意；一致

　　There is agreement among doctors that pregnant

　　women should not smoke.医生们一致认为，怀孕妇女不应吸烟。

　　Please read the agreement and sign.

　　请看一下协议书然后在上面签字。

　　【提示】　agreement表示“协议，合约”时是可数名词；表示“一致，相合”时是不可数名词。

　　①reach/come to/arrive at/achieve an agreement达成协议；取得一致意见

　　in agreement with符合……；与……一致

　　agree vi. & vt.同意，与……一致；适合

　　agree on/upon对……取得一致意见

　　agree to sth.同意某事

　　agree with sb.同意某人的意见；与……一致；适合(某人)

　　Finally we reached an agreement.

　　我们最终达成了协议。

　　We are in agreement with their decision.

　　我们同意他们的决定。

　　完成句子

　　④他们很难达成协议。

　　It's difficult for them

　　.

　　⑤我完全赞同你的决定。

　　I

　　your decision.

　　【答案】　④to achieve/arrive at/come to　⑤am quite in agreement with

　　观察下列从Reading and Vocabulary 中选取的句子，体会被动语态的用法。

　　①It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.

　　②One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia，which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.

　　③Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.

　　④Athens，the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization.

　　⑤Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.

　　[自我总结]

　　1．前3个句子中都有by，by之后是动作的

　　，后两个句子中没有by, 是为了突出动作的

　　或者不知道、没必要指出动作的

　　。

　　2．被动语态的基本结构为：

　　。

　　【答案】　1.执行者；承受者；执行者　2.助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词

　　Ⅰ.一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态

　　英语中的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。英语中只有及物动词和及物动词短语和某些动词短语才能构成被动语态。

　　1．被动语态的构成

　　被动语态的构成形式为“be＋动词的过去分词”，随时态的不同，“be”发生相应的变化。一般现在时的被动语态是由 am, is, are ＋ 动词的过去分词构成；一般过去时的被动语态是由

　　was/were＋ 动词的过去分词构成。

　　(1)一般现在时

　　Football is played all over the world.

　　全世界到处都踢足球。

　　Miss Gao，you are wanted on the phone.

　　高老师，有人给你打电话。

　　(2)一般过去时

　　He was invited to dinner yesterday evening.

　　昨天晚上他被邀请去吃饭了。

　　The buildings were built last year.

　　这些房子是去年造的。

　　2．被动语态的用法

　　被动语态主要用于以下场合：

　　(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者时。如：

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

　　印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。

　　He was hurt in the car accident.

　　他在车祸中受伤了。

　　(2)需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身而不必指明谁是动作的执行者时。

　　The injured were allowed home after treatment.

　　受伤者在医院的治疗后被获准回家。

　　At last an agreement was arrived at.

　　终于达成了一项协议。

　　(3)当我们强调或侧重动作的执行者时，这时我们可用by 引出动作的执行者。

　　The work will be examined by a group of experts soon.你的工作即将受到一组专家的检查。

　　Such things are only eaten by animals. 这样的东西只有动物才吃。

　　(5)“get ＋ 过去分词”的被动语态为习惯用法，这种结构往往更强调动作的结果而非动作本身

　　Supposing you drink five bottles of beer, do you think you would get drunk?

　　假如你喝五瓶啤酒，你会醉吗？

　　They got married last year. 他们去年结的婚。

　　Ⅱ.主谓一致

　　主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。

　　1．语法一致原则

　　语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如：

　　Tom doesn't like swimming.

　　汤姆不喜欢游泳。

　　Jane and Mary look alike.

　　简和玛丽看起来很像。

　　2．意义一致原则

　　意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单复数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如：

　　The football team are having breakfast now.

　　足球队员们在吃早饭。

　　The news was exciting.

　　这条消息令人振奋。

　　3．就近原则

　　就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如：

　　Either your students or Mr Wang knows this.

　　你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。

　　Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film.

　　汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。

　　主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题，本模块中主要涉及到主语为集体名词和代词的语法项目，下面就这两个语法项目详细论述。

　　(1)主语为集体名词

　　①某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中的成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式，如：

　　Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject.

　　我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。(group 指小组成员)

　　Our group is made up of four girls and five boys.

　　我们小组有4个女孩和5个男孩组成。(group 指小组整体)

　　The population in China is very large，and one third of the population are farmers.

　　中国的人口很多，其中三分之一是农民。(前一个population 指整体，后一个population 指成员)

　　②某些集体名词如people，police，cattle，youth 等常作复数看待，谓语动词与复数形式的谓语搭配，如：

　　The police are searching for him.警察正在搜寻他。

　　The cattle were driven away from the hill.

　　那些牲畜从山上被赶走了。

　　③某些名词如equipment(设备)，furniture(家具)，jewelry(珠宝)，clothing(衣服)，machinery(机械)，表示单数概念，谓语动词要相应地采用单数形式，如：

　　A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备代替了。

　　All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots.这个厂所有的机械都由机器人来控制的。

　　(2)主语为代词

　　①有些代词尽管意义上是多数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这类代词有：either，neither，each，another，somebody，someone，something，anything，anyone，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。

　　Each of them wishes to be a professional football player.

　　他们每个人都渴望成为职业足球运动员。

　　Everything around us is matter.

　　我们周围所有的东西都是物质。

　　注意：

　　a．在neither of 与either of 的结构中，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，如：

　　Neither of them was/were in good health，but both worked hard. 他们俩身体都不好，但工作却都很努力。

　　b．each 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数形式，each用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数形式。each of，each one of后接复数名词或代词，但谓语动词常用单数形式。

　　Each (one) of the houses was different.

　　每座房子都不同。

　　Each student has been given their own e­mail address.

　　每个学生都得到了一个自己的电子邮件地址。

　　They each have their own car.

　　他们每个人都有自己的车。

　　②none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法，如：

　　None of us seem to have thought of it.

　　似乎我们全都没有想到这一点。

　　None of us has got a camera.(None＝Not a single one)我们都没有照相机。

　　③both，(a) few，many，several作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：

　　Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones.

　　这两种仪器并不都是精密仪器。

　　④all 作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数，如：

　　All is well that ends well.结果好一切都好。

　　All are eager to reach an agreement.

　　大家都急于达成一项协议。

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．(2016·陕西高考)The basketball coach，as well as his team，

　　interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

　　A．were　B．was　C．is　D．are

　　【解析】　The basketball coach，as well as his team.结构中，前面的名词作主语，故谓语动词为单数，shortly after the match可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．When and where to build the new factory

　　yet.

　　A．is not decided　B．are not decided

　　C．has not decided

　　D．have not decided

　　【解析】　when and where to build the new factory所指的是一件事，因此谓语动词要用单数。故选 A。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．(2016·湖南高考)If nothing

　　， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

　　A．does

　　B．had been done

　　C．will do

　　D．is done

　　【解析】　句意：如果什么措施都不采取的话，海洋将会变成鱼类的沙漠。根据“主将从现”的原则，即主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，再根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故答案为D。

　　【答案】　D

　　4．(2016·天津高考)The letters for the boss

　　on his desk but he didn't read them until three days later.

　　A．were put

　　B．was put

　　C．put

　　D．has put

　　【解析】　句意：给老板的那些信被放在了桌子上，但直到三天后他才读的。根据but后的“didn't read”可知老板读信是发生在过去，所以信被放到桌子上应该发生在“读信”之前，也是过去的动作，与现在无关，所以排除D，因为现在完成时表示动作到现在刚刚结束或是对现在造成了影响或结果。the letters与put之间为被动关系，故排除C；而且the letters作主语，是复数，可排除B。所以答案为A。

　　【答案】　A

　　5．(2016·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market?

　　—Yes，fortunately no one

　　.

　　A．hurt

　　B．was hurt

　　C．has hurt

　　D．had been hurt

　　【解析】　句意：——你听说市场的那场火灾了吗？——听说了，幸好没有人受伤。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句中主语no one与谓语动词之间为被动关系，故排除A项和C项。火灾发生在过去，因此选择一般过去时的被动语态，故选择B项。D项为过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去，与语境时间不符。

　　【答案】　B

　　6．(2011·上海春招)A lot of people often forget that oral exams

　　to test our communicative ability.

　　A．design

　　B．are designed

　　C．are designing

　　D．are being designed

　　【解析】　句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　7．Such poets as Shakespeare

　　widely read，of whose works，however，some

　　difficult to understand.

　　A．are；are

　　B．is；is

　　C．are；is

　　D．is：are

　　【解析】　主句中的主语应为poets，谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。

　　【答案】　A

　　8．(2016·北京高考)—Have you heard about the recent election?

　　—Sure, it

　　the only thing on the news for the last three days.

　　A．would be

　　B．is

　　C．has been

　　D．will be

　　【解析】　句意：——你听说过有关最近选举的事情了吗？——当然，这已经成为最近三天报道的唯一话题。根据时间状语“for the last three days”可知此处用现在完成时，故答案为C。for the last three days是本题的关键信息，它多与现在完成时连用。

　　【答案】　C

　　9．(2016·辽宁高考)Mum，I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I

　　on Friday.

　　A．get paid

　　B．got paid

　　C．have paid

　　D．had been paid

　　【解析】　分析句子我们知道，儿子或者女儿非常客气地向母亲借钱。这里运用过去时表达“客气、委婉”的语气，而非过去发生的事情。运用过去时表达“客气、委婉”语气的用法是我们常见的，例如Would you please...？或者Could you...?

　　【答案】　A

　　10．(2016·福建毕业班质检)—Have you heard about that school bus accident?

　　—Yes，fortunately all on board including the driver

　　.

　　A．were saved

　　B．was saved

　　C．have saved

　　D．has been saved

　　【解析】　句意：——你听说那个校车事故了吗？——听说了，幸运的是，所有乘客包括司机都被救了出来。设空处与前面的主语为被动关系，需用被动语态，故排除C项。题干中all指“人”，相当于all the people，故谓语动词需用复数形式，故答案为A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　Ⅱ.句型转换(由主动语态变被动语态)

　　1．The teacher told the children a story.

　　→The children

　　a story by the teacher.

　　【答案】　were told

　　2．Different cooks in different parts of China cook dishes in different ways.

　　→Dishes

　　in different ways by different cooks in different parts of China.

　　【答案】　are cooked

　　3．The boy happened to meet her in the

　　street.

　　→She happened

　　in the street by the boy.

　　【答案】　to be met

　　4．The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.

　　→The foreign guests

　　a warm welcome by the children.

　　【答案】　were given

　　5．They watched the children sing that morning.

　　→The children

　　that morning.

　　【答案】　were watched to sing

　　6．People believe that he is ill.

　　→It

　　that he is ill.

　　→He

　　be ill.

　　【答案】　is believed；is believed to

　　Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●教学目标

　　(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。

　　(2)理解课文。

　　(3)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，了解欧盟和一些欧洲国家。

　　(4)学会对中国某些地区的描写。

　　●教学地位

　　本节课对一个城市的补充描写，培养学生前后联系的思维能力和写作能力。通过cultural corner让学生了解欧盟和一些欧洲国家，将其和中国在地理位置、文化、经济等方面进行对比，增强国际交往意识。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　由教师向全班问有关欧盟的问题，其间也可穿插学生互相问问题，学生答不出问题，没有关系，主要目的是利用背景知识激发对有关欧盟信息的回忆，进而导入新课，如：Do you know European Union? Where is it? Is it one country? Is the United Kingdom its member? How many countries were its first members? Are its member countries independent? How did it start？…

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　Ⅰ.判断正误

　　阅读P9 The European Union，判断正误

　　1．The European Union is an organization of all the countries in the world.()

　　2．All the countries in the European Union are governed in the same way.()

　　3．In France，the head of state is a king.()

　　4．In 2004，the European Union increased to 25 members.()

　　【答案】　1－4　F F F T

　　Ⅱ. 语篇理解

　　阅读P9课文，回答问题

　　1．Do the member countries have one government or their own government?

　　2．Is the United Kingdom its member?

　　3．In terms of size and population，how big is the European Union compared with China? (European size：4,324,782 km2)

　　【答案】　1.The member countries have their own government，but each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament.

　　2. Yes.By the year 2000，there were 15 member countries，including

　　the UK.

　　3．China is about twice as large as the European Union，and is over twice as large population as the European Union.

　　1．In terms of size and population，how big is the European Union compared with China？(教材P9)

　　在面积与人口方面，欧盟与中国相比有多大？

　　(1)in terms of据……；依照……；就……而言

　　In terms of customer satisfaction，the policy cannot be criticized.说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。

　　In terms of money they're quite rich，but not in terms of happiness.就钱而论，他们很富有，但是没有幸福。

　　in the long/short term就长期/短期而言

　　be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好

　　come to terms＝make terms达成协议；和好

　　in sb's terms在某人看来，根据某人的观点

　　on one's terms按照某人的条件

　　　In their terms，cutting government spending is the most important thing.

　　根据他们的观点，削减政府开支是最重要的事情。

　　Shylock thinks of everything in terms of money.

　　夏洛克总是从钱的角度考虑每件事。

　　What they have done is good for the environment in the long term.

　　从长远来看，他们所做的事情对环境是有利的。

　　We are on good terms with our neighbors.

　　我们与邻居的关系很好。

　　①

　　achievement，last week's ministerial meeting of the WTO had earned a low，though not failing，grade.

　　A．In terms of　B．In case of

　　B．As a result of

　　D．In face of

　　【解析】　句意：就成就而言，上周的WTO部长级会议虽然没有失败，但是收效甚微。在题中，in terms of意为“就……而言”；in case of万一；as a result of作为……的结果；in face of面对。

　　【答案】　A

　　②This special school accepts all disabled students，

　　educational level and background.

　　A．according to

　　B．regardless of

　　C．in addition to

　　D．in terms of

　　【解析】　考查介词短语。句意：这所特殊的学校招收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平或背景。regardless of“不管，不顾”，符合题意。

　　【答案】　B

　　(2)compared with/to与……比较起来

　　Compared with her mother she is tall.

　　和她妈比较起来，她算很高了。

　　Our staff turnover is low compared with other companies.同其他公司相比，我们雇员的流动率不大。

　　①compare... with意为“把……与……进行比较/相比”

　　compare... to... 意为“把……比作……”，含“比喻”之意

　　compare with sb. /sth.意为“和某人或某事物相比或值得相比”

　　compare notes

　　交换意见

　　②beyond / without compare

　　无与伦比的，不可比的

　　It's necessary to compare English with Chinese in English study.学英语时有必要把英语和汉语进行比较。

　　Compare this with that, and you'll know which is better.把这个同那个比较，你就知道哪个更好了。

　　Young people are often compared to the rising sun.年轻人常被比作初升的大阳。

　　The writer of the poem compares his lover to a rose.

　　诗的作者把他的爱人比作玫瑰。

　　He cannot compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies.作为一个悲剧作家，他无法和莎士比亚相比。

　　【提示】compare...to的意思是“把……比作”，表示不同类的人或物之间的比喻。compare...with的意思是“与……比较”，表示同类的人或事物之间的比较，有时to可代替with。

　　This hardship is nothing，compared to/with those the Red Army faced on the Long March.

　　和红军长征比起来，这点苦算不上什么。

　　Compared to/with many girls，she was indeed very lucky.

　　与许多女孩相比，她的确算很幸运了。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2016·课标全国卷)Film has a much shorter history，especially when

　　such art forms as music and painting.

　　A．having compared to　B．comparing to

　　C．compare to

　　D．compared to

　　【解析】　句意：电影的历史很短暂，尤其是与音乐、绘画等这样的艺术形式相比。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。compare与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词，故答案为D。分词作状语时，可以根据题意在其前加上when，if等连词。本句实际上是when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting的省略。

　　【答案】　D

　　2．on the other hand另一方面；反过来说

　　In France，on the other hand，the head of state is a president. (教材P9)而另一方面，在法国，政府的首脑是总统。

　　On the one hand，the shirt is too expensive，on the other hand，I don't like the style.一方面这件衬衣太贵，另一方面，我不喜欢这样式。

　　on the one hand...，on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面……

　　at hand接近的；不远的

　　by hand用手工

　　in hand在处理之中

　　hand in hand手牵手；携手

　　He is an able man，but on the other hand，he demands too much of people.

　　他是一个能干的人，但是另一方面，他对人要求太多了。

　　Tom is clever；on the other hand，he is a very lazy student and therefore he gets low grades.

　　汤姆聪明，可他是个懒学生，因此他成绩不好。

　　on the other hand/on the contrary

　　on the other hand 表示“另一方面”，说明同一件事的两个方面，并不表示相反的对立面。多用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。

　　on the contrary 表示“相反的”，用于对比指出与前面事情截然相反的方面。

　　—I'm sure you like your new job.——我相信你喜欢你的新工作。

　　—On the contrary，it's very dull.——正相反，新工作很乏味。

　　I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.

　　我想卖掉房子，但另一方面我又无法容忍搬家的想法。

　　完成句子

　　①他一方面非常喜欢她，另一方面又讨厌她的傲慢。

　　he loves her very much；

　　， he hates her pride.

　　【答案】　On the one hand；on the other hand

　　单项填空

　　②Father and mother wanted to go for a ride，but

　　，the children wanted to stay at home and play with their friends.

　　A．on the other hand

　　B．on another hand

　　C．in other ways

　　D．as a result

　　【解析】　A表示“另一方面”；B无这种搭配；C表示“用其他办法”；D表示“结果”。句意“父母想开车出去，而另一方面，孩子们却想待在家里和朋友们玩。”所以选A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　③Fire，

　　，can benefit the world，but it can also destroy the world if not brought under control.

　　A．in a word

　　B．generally speaking

　　C．on the one hand

　　D．in other words

　　【解析】　句意：火一方面可能给世界造福，但是，如果得不到控制的话，也可能毁灭世界。此句要用on the one hand表示“一方面”。in a word总之；generally speaking一般来说；in other words换句话说。从转折词but可看出C项符合语境。

　　【答案】　C

　　3．have control over 对……有控制权

　　But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries.(教材P9)

　　但是他们都派代表去欧洲参加会议，欧洲会议对每个成员国里发生的事情都具备一定的控制权。

　　To believe we have control over a situation gives us a feeling of power.

　　相信能够控制局面使我们感到自己很强大。

　　beyond control无法控制

　　under control被控制住

　　out of control失去控制

　　lose control of对……失去控制

　　in the control of由……控制，由……管理，由……负责

　　It is important for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control.重要的是每一个司机都能有意识地努力使自己的情绪受到控制。

　　The bus went out of control and ran into a shop front.

　　那辆公共汽车失去控制，撞到了一家商店的大门上。

　　He was in the control of bad men who forced him to do bad things.他受了坏人的控制，他们强迫他干坏事。

　　介词填空

　　①The Democrats will probably lose control

　　congress.

　　②The teacher had no control

　　the children.

　　【答案】　①of/over　②over

　　4．little by little 逐渐地；一点点地

　　Little by little，the number increased during the second half of the twentieth century.(教材P9)

　　在20世纪后50年期间，成员国的数量逐渐增加。

　　Little by little the snow disappeared. 雪渐渐融化了。

　　His English is improving little by little.

　　他的英语正逐步提高。

　　bit by bit＝little by little逐渐地；一点一点地

　　not a little许多；很＝very

　　not a bit一点儿也不＝not at all

　　quite a little/ quite a few (美口)大量，丰富

　　I'm not a little tired now.我现在非常累。

　　Really，David is not a bit like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.

　　的确，就慷慨大方这一点来说，大卫一点也不像他哥哥。

　　完成句子

　　①他的健康在逐渐恢复，再过大约三周就可以出院了。

　　His health is improving

　　and he may leave hospital in about three weeks.

　　②经过长途跋涉，她非常累。

　　She was

　　tired after the long journey.

　　【答案】　①little by little/bit by bit　②not a little

　　5．belong to属于

　　How many countries belong to it now？(教材P9)

　　现在有多少国家属于欧洲联盟？

　　Chinese people belong to the yellow race.They have yellow skin，and black eyes.

　　中国人是黄种人。他们有着黄皮肤和黑眼睛。

　　Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.

　　狮子和老虎属于猫科。

　　①belong to不能用于被动语态和进行时态。作后置定语时常用现在分词形式。

　　②belong in/on/under应归入；应放在某处

　　Where do these things belong?

　　这些东西该放在什么地方？

　　This book belongs on the top shelf.

　　这本书应放在最上面的一层架上。

　　A man of his ability belongs in teaching.

　　有他这种才能的人适合当教师。

　　用belong的适当形式填空

　　①To all the people here

　　the honor for the success.

　　② China is a developing country,

　　to the Third World.

　　【答案】　①belongs　②belonging

　　6．twice as big as两倍大

　　The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people，twice as big as the population of the United States. (教材P9)扩大后的欧盟拥有五亿多人口，这个数目是美国人口的两倍。

　　Cats sleep twice as much as people.

　　猫睡觉的时间比人长一倍。

　　倍数表达法的常见结构

　　...times

　　This bridge is four times longer than that one.

　　This bridge is four times as long as that one.

　　This bridge is four times the length of that one.

　　这座桥是那座桥的四倍长。

　　After the experiment，the plant is six times the height of what it was before.

　　试验之后，植物的高度是原来的六倍。

　　【提示】　①两倍时用twice/double，三倍或三倍以上的数则用“基数词＋times”来表达。

　　②句式中表倍数的数字处也可为分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。

　　This room is half the size of that one.

　　这个房间是那个房间的一半大。

　　【对接高考】

　　(2016·安徽高考)It's said that the power plant is now

　　large as what it was.

　　A．twice as

　　B．as twice

　　C．twice much

　　D．much twice

　　【解析】　句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表示法有多种，此处为“倍数词＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋其他”结构。

　　【答案】　A

　　句型转换

　　Your room is three times bigger than mine.

　　→Your room is

　　mine.

　　→Your room is

　　mine.

　　【答案】　three times the size of；three times as big as

　　如何介绍一个地方？

　　介绍一个地方就是对该地区的大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该地区的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：

　　1．内容一般应包括该地区的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。但是一定要抓住该地区的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。

　　2．要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该地区的位置时，首先找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先总体后局部，或按照一定时间或空间顺序来写。

　　【常用句型】

　　1．表示位置的句型

　　某地＋ is/lies ＋地点状语

　　“某地位于……”

　　2．表示人口状况的句型

　　某地＋ has a large/small population

　　“某地人口众多/稀少”

　　某地＋has a population of ＋数词

　　“某地有多少人口”

　　3．表示历史背景的句型

　　某地＋ has a long history of ...years.

　　“某地有多少年的历史”

　　某地＋is a place/country with...history.“某地是具有多少年历史的地方/国家”

　　4．表示风景名胜的句型

　　There are many places of interest, such as...“这儿有许多名胜，比如……”

　　某地＋has many places of interest, among which is...“某地有许多名胜，其中就有……”

　　某地＋is famous/well－known for/as...“某地因为/作为……而闻名”

　　[题目要求]

　　某外商考察组一行来你们工厂考察投资环境，你负责接待。请你按以下提示写一个工厂口头介绍。

　　历史 15年

　　位置 位于长江北岸，靠近京广线，水陆交通便利

　　规模 有200多名工人，占地4.5平方公里

　　产品 女性服装

　　市场 全国各地、东南亚地区

　　评价 发展迅速，前景广阔，是投资的明智选择

　　注意：1.词数：120～150

　　2．开头已给出

　　3．参考词汇：投资—invest

　　[词汇热身]

　　1．拥有15年的历史

　　2．位于

　　3．靠近

　　4．水陆交通便利

　　5．占地……

　　6．女性服装

　　7．全国各地

　　8．东南亚地区

　　9．发展迅速

　　10．前景广阔

　　11．投资

　　12．明智选择

　　【答案】　1.have a history of 15 years/with a history of 15 years　2.be situated/located/lie/stand　3.be close to/near　4.convenient by water and by railway　5.cover/take up/occupy　6.women's clothing　7.all over/throughout/across the country　8.Southeast Asian areas9．develop rapidly/have a rapid development　10.have a bright future/promising　11.invest　12.a wise choice/choose wisely

　　[句式温习]

　　1．我想对我们厂做一个简介。

　　I'd like to give you

　　to our factory.

　　2．我们厂已有15年的历史。

　　Our factory

　　of 15 years./Our factory is a factory

　　of 15 years.

　　3．它位于长江北岸，靠近京广线。

　　It

　　on the northern bank of the Changjiang River and on the railway line from Beijing to Guang zhou.

　　4．水陆交通便利。

　　The transportation is very

　　.

　　5．产品质优，畅销全国各地及东南亚地区。

　　The products are

　　and are sold everywhere

　　6．我们的工厂发展迅速，前景广阔。

　　We believe our factory

　　and has

　　.

　　7．在这里投资是明智的选择。

　　It's

　　to invest here.

　　【答案】　1.a brief introduction　2.has a history；with a history　3.lies/is located/is situated　4.convenient both by water and by railway　5.of very good quality；in China and some Southeast Asian areas.　6.has been developing rapidly；a bright future　7.a wise choice[连句成篇]

　　【参考范文】

　　Good morning，ladies and gentlemen.Welcome to our factory.

　　First of all，I'd like to give you a brief introduction to our factory.Our factory has a history of 15 years and it lies on the northern bank of the Changjiang River and on the railway line from Beijing to Guangzhou.The transportation is very convenient both by water and by railway.It covers 4.5 square kilometers.

　　Our factory has over 200 workers，who mainly produce women's clothing.The products are of very good quality and are sold everywhere in China and some Southeast Asian areas.We believe our factory has been developing rapidly and has a bright future.It's a wise choice to invest here.

　　So much for the introduction.Now let me show you around the factory.

　　Ⅰ.立体式复习单词

　　A．基础单词

　　1．

　　prep.横过；穿过

　　2．

　　n．山脉；范围

　　3．

　　n．标志性建筑；陆标；里程碑

　　4．

　　n．象征；符号

　　5．

　　n．计划；项目；工程

　　6．

　　n．雕刻；泥塑

　　7．

　　adj.古代的

　　8．

　　prep.& adj.在……对面；相反的

　　9．

　　vt.签署；打手势

　　n．标记，符号，征兆，迹象

　　10．

　　adv.在哪里n.下落

　　11．

　　n．国会；议会

　　12．

　　n．地区；区域

　　13．

　　n．特点；特写

　　14．

　　n．产品；农产品vt.生产；创作；引起

　　【答案】　1.across　2.range　3.landmark　4.symbol　5.project　6.sculpture　7.ancient　8.opposite　9.sign10．whereabouts　11.parliament 　12.region　13.feature14．produce

　　B．词汇拓展

　　15．

　　adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的

　　vt.使……坐落于

　　n．情形，境遇，(建筑物等的)位置

　　16．

　　adj.位于

　　v．位于；使……坐落于；找到……的位置

　　n．位置；场所

　　17．

　　n．建筑师

　　n．建筑物

　　18．

　　n．协议；契约

　　vi.同意；意见一致；适合

　　19．

　　vt.统治；治理

　　n．统治者；地方长官

　　n．政府

　　20．

　　n．代表者

　　n．代表

　　vt.代表

　　adj.代表的

　　【答案】　15.situated，situate，situation　16.located，locate，location　17.architect，architecture　18.agreement，agree　19.govern，governor，government　20.representative，representation，represent，representative

　　.递进式回顾短语

　　A．短语互译

　　1．

　　属于

　　2．

　　作为……而出名/闻名

　　3．

　　自从……一直

　　4．

　　据……；依照……

　　5．

　　另一方面；反过来说

　　6．

　　一点点地；逐渐地

　　7．work on

　　8．have a population of

　　9．refer to

　　10．compare with

　　11．of all time

　　12．have control over

　　【答案】　1.belong to　2.be known as　3.ever since

　　4．in terms of

　　　5.on the other hand　6.little by little

　　7. 从事于；继续工作　8. 有……人口　9.涉及；说起；提到　10.与……相比　11.有史以来　12.对……加以控制

　　B．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子

　　13. Although it was raining hard，they

　　.

　　14．She is the best teacher I've met

　　I was at school.

　　15．It is a small country both

　　size and population.

　　16．I know this job of mine isn't well paid；

　　I don't have to work long hours.

　　17．

　　the dress in her hand

　　that one on the shelf，she didn't know which one to buy.

　　18．Many representatives，

　　the European Union were sent to attend the conference.

　　【答案】　13. worked on　14.ever since　15.in terms of

　　16．on the other hand　17.Comparing；with　18.belonging to

　　.仿写式活用句型

　　1. Their works have influenced other writers ever since.

　　【句式仿写】　苏珊上周五还在上课，但是从那以后我们就没有见过她。

　　Susan was at class last Friday，but

　　.

　　2．Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast，about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital，Madrid.

　　【句式仿写】　黄河是中国第二大河。

　　The Huanghe River is

　　.

　　3. Paris is the capital and largest city of France，situated on the River Seine.

　　【句式仿写】　伦敦是英国的首都，坐落在泰晤士河畔(River Thames)。

　　London is the capital of Britain，

　　.

　　4．Between France and Spain is another mountain range － the Pyrenees.

　　【句式仿写】　有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。

　　Beyond the river

　　.

　　5．The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people，twice as big as the population of the United States.

　　【句式仿写】　我们的教室是他们的三倍大。

　　Our classroom is

　　as theirs.

　　【答案】　1.we haven't seen her ever since　2.the second longest river of China.　3.situated on the River Thames. 4. lives an old fisherman.　5. three times as big/large

　　完形填空解题技法(七)

　　结构分析法

　　　所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架。基本步骤：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；其次，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。

　　【实例透析】　

　　1．(2016·福建高考)．..I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s，

　　38

　　children from different races and religions played and studied 39(together) in harmony...

　　38．A.whyB．which

　　C．how

　　D．when

　　【解析】　D。38题考查连词，根据从句与主句的承接关系可知，后面的从句是定语从句，先行词为the early 1960s，关系词在从句中作状语，所以此处要用关系副词when。

　　2．(2016·江西高考)．..There he was，working hard at his small business,48(waving) at passers­by and stopping to chat now and then

　　49

　　elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.

　　...

　　49．A.about

　　B．for

　　C．with

　　D．like

　　【解析】　C。根据前面的“chat”可知，此空应用with。chat with sb.表示“和某人聊天”。

　　【技巧点拨】

　　做此类完形填空题时应注意使用以下方法：

　　1. 较复杂单句的处理方法——找主语、谓语，即找句子主干。较复杂的单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起考生的充分重视。

　　2. 并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词。

　　3. 主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词。

　　4. 并列句和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句。

　　5．介词的判定——借助于固定搭配或者前后文的语境。

　　(1)(2016·四川高考)Lightning flashed through the darkness over Sibson's bedroom skylight(天窗)．Sibson was shaken by a clap of thunder

　　21

　　he knew what was happening.The storm had moved directly

　　22

　　his two­story wooden house.Then he heard the smoke alarm beeping.

　　...

　　21．A.before

　　B．while

　　C．since

　　D．until

　　22．A.on

　　B．in

　　C．through

　　D．over

　　【解析】　21.A。此句句意：在Sibson还不知道发生什么事情的时候，便被一声雷鸣震醒。此处before表示“还来不及……就……”。

　　22．D。“暴风雨直袭他的两层木屋”，暴风雨应该是从房屋上方袭来，故用over。

　　(2)(2016·浙江高考)．..

　　23

　　he had not seen it in more than 20 years，he recognized it 24(immediately)．

　　23．A.After

　　B．When

　　C．Since

　　D．Although

　　【解析】　D。23题要填入一个连接词，分析句子结构可知，此处为状语从句。根据从句和主句的内容可以看出这里表示让步关系，故选D。