2016届高考英语基础词汇解读：必修5module6animalsindanger

　　Module 6

　　Animals in Danger

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1、endangercause danger to…；put…in danger 使...处于险境；危及/危害

　　This carelessness endangered his chance of success. 粗心大意使他失去了成功的机会。

　　Smoking endangers one’s health. 吸烟危害人的健康。

　　endangered：adj. 濒危的；有危险的Panda is endangered / in danger / in danger of dying out / in danger of extinction.

　　This rare bird has become an endangered species.

　　这种珍禽已成为濒临灭绝的物种。

　　Fourteen percent of primate species are highly endangered. 14%的灵长类物种处于高度濒危状态。

　　endanger：vt.使处于险境危及

　　anger: n.危险full of danger充满危险angerous: adj.危险不安全的

　　He was driving in a manner likely to endanger life. 他当时以一种很可能会危及生命的方式开车。

　　The little boy was once in danger of losing his sightbut the doctor helped him out of danger.

　　那小男孩曾经处于失明的危险，但是医生帮助他脱离了危险。

　　He put his country in danger by helping the enemy. 他帮助敌人危害本国。

　　He came to rescue us in time of danger. 在危急关头他来救援我们。

　　in danger在危险中in danger of有…的危险out of danger脱离危险in time of danger 在危急关头

　　2、reserve：n. 储备，贮藏，保护区 vt.保留；预定预约 nature / forest reserve 自然保护区/ 林区

　　We always keep some money in reserve, just in case.

　　我们总是存起一些钱以防万一。Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?

　　你需要预先订票吗？

　　All tables are reserved today. 座位These seats are reserved for the elderly and disabled.

　　这些座位是留给老人和残疾人坐的。

　　A successful runner should reserve his energy for final dash.拓展： in reserve 备用的

　　keep / have in reserve 留作预备

　　without reserve无保留地；无条件地be reserved for 留作专供…之用

　　This coastal area ___________a national wildlife reserve last year.

　　A. was named

　　B. named

　　C. is named

　　D. names

　　I’d prefer to ____ my judgement until I find all the evidence.

　　A. show

　　B. express

　　C. pass

　　D. reserve

　　3、extinct：adj. 绝种的灭绝的(火等)熄灭了的消亡了的破灭了的The passenger pigeon is extinct. 旅鸽已绝种。The volcano is extinct. 这座火山是座死火山。My hope of getting some employment was extinct. 我要找到工作的希望落空了。4、struggle：vi. 奋斗拼搏努力斗争对抗使劲挣扎struggle for为…而斗争奋斗struggle against / with同…作斗争struggle with和…并肩奋斗

　　struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来

　　[教材P51]　The question is： What can we do to help them in their struggle for survival？

　　问题是：在它们为生存而挣扎的过程中，我们能做些什么来帮助它们？

　　They struggled for peace.为和平而战。The old man has been struggling with illness.一直病魔斗争。He has been struggling to succeed in his business.

　　＝He has been struggling for success in his business. 为使事业成功，他一直努力奋斗着。

　　He struggled with /against his enemies and eventually drove them off.他同攻击他的敌人进行搏斗，最后把他们赶走了。挣扎着站了起来。

　　The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled to his feet at last.这个战士受了重伤但最后还是

　　n. 挣扎；斗争；努力carry on a struggle进行斗争a life-and-death struggle 你死我活的斗争After a long struggle, she overcame all the difficulties in completing the task. 经过长期努力克服了

　　After a short struggle I got the knife off him.经短暂搏斗从他手里夺过了刀子。完成任务中的困难。

　　He never gave up the struggle over slavery.

　　他从没放弃对奴隶制的斗争。

　　5protect： vt. 保护protect…from /against sth 保护使…不免受伤害受The disabled woman raised her arm to protect her child from hurt.残疾妇女伸手去保护孩子免受伤害。

　　Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from being burnt by the sun.戴墨镜眼睛被阳光灼伤。

　　He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow．他抬起手臂，使他的脸免受打击。protection： n. 保护，受保护under the protection of

　　在…的保护之下

　　Many British wild animals are now under the protection of the Wildlife and Countryside Act.

　　英国的许多野生动物现在受到《野生生物及乡野法》的保护。

　　6、worth： adj. 值……钱；值得的

　　[教材P53]... leaving only the babieswhose wool is not worth so much.…只留下那些毛不怎么值钱的幼崽。

　　It’s worthwhile + to do / doing: 做某事是值得的。 worthwhile可作定语，表语或宾语补足语。

　　The picture given to his friend is worth at least twenty pounds. 给他朋友的那张图片至少值二十英镑。

　　Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 任何值得做的事就值得做好。

　　Mount Tai is a place worth visiting once again.泰山是一个值得再次游览的地方。

　　You will find it worthwhile to make friends with such a person. 发现同这样人交朋友是值得的。

　　There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned. 没有值得一提的事发生。

　　7、spot： n. 斑点, 污点(某事发生的)准确地点, 现场

　　[教材P53] The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India...被猎杀羚羊被就地剥皮毛被送到on the spot 在现场；当时当地；立即当场a historic spot 古迹a scenic spot 风景胜地She had spots on her face when she was ill.当她生病的时候她脸上有斑点。这就是事故发生的地点。

　　This is a nice spot for a house.这是建房好地方。 This is the very spot where the accident happened.

　　He is hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot. 一棵树倒下来把他当场砸死了。警察赶到了现场。

　　The police were on the spot within a few minutes of hearing about the crime.获悉犯罪消息后几分钟v. 沾污, 弄脏; 认出, 发现 (spotted, spotting)

　　be spotted with sth.满是…，被…弄脏spot a mistake发现错误spot sb. doing sth.发现某人做某事

　　His new shirt was spotted with oil. 他的新衬衫上满是油点。

　　My father spotted several spelling mistakes in my composition.父亲在作文里发现了个字拼错。

　　He spotted a serious mistake in the accounts. 他在账目中发现了一个严重的错误。

　　spottedadj. 有斑点的spotlessadj. 没有污点的，一尘不染的

　　8、condition：n. 状况环境先决条件 

　　my financial condition  我的经济状况 [收支情形]        the condition of weightlessness 无重力状态What are your conditions for accepting the offer?  在什么条件下你才会接受这个提议？ be in /out of good condition 健康情况好My car is old but in good condition. 车旧了但情况良好He has been out of condition for two weeks. 病了两周了。

　　on no condition

　　绝不。

　　On no condition shall I agree.

　　绝不答应。

　　on condition that

　　在…条件下He’ll lend you the money on condition that you return it on time.

　　9、aim： n. 瞄准对准；目标目的take aim at 向…瞄准The hunter took aim at wolf.

　　His aim was to swim a mile.

　　What is your aim in life?

　　Now we have to take aim at the problem and try to get it solved. 我们现得正视这难题并试图解决它。

　　He aimed his gun at the eagle spreading its wings.

　　他把枪瞄准那只正在展开翅膀的鹰。

　　You should always aim at doing your

　　well. 你应该永远以搞好你的为目的。

　　v. 对...瞄准（常与at连用）；对准以…为目标旨在…aim at 瞄准；目标是aim something at ... 用…瞄准…aim to do sth. 打算做He aimed with the gun. 他用枪瞄准。He aimed the gun at the enemy officer.

　　I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。He aimed to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。

　　The factory must aim at developing new models of machines. 该厂必须致力于研制新型机械。

　　10involve：vt. 牵涉；包括；使某；需要[教材P55]　But the trade also involves live animals. 但这种贸易也包括(贩运)活着的动物。The matter is serious because it involves your reputation. 这件事很严重因它影响到你的声誉

　　This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。

　　Painting the room involved moving out the piano. 粉刷房间就得把钢琴搬出去。

　　Housework involves cooking, washing and cleaning. 家务包括烹饪、洗衣和清扫。involved： adj. 复杂的棘手的；有关的有密切关系的be involved in sth被卷入…中；参与…专心做某事be involved in doing sth.专心/埋头于做某事

　　be involved with sb. 与某人联系密切get involved with sb. / sth. 与某人取得联系给…缠住

　　He wanted to be actively involved in school life. 他想积极投入学校生活。

　　I didn't want to be involved in the argument. 我不愿意卷入这场争论之中。

　　She has no intention to get involved with her older sister. 她不打算与她的姐姐取得联系。

　　live： adj. 活的，有生命的；现场直播的，实况转播的前置定语alive：adj. 活着/在世的，存在的，有活力/生气的。修饰“人，物”后置定语，表语(=living)补语living：adj. 活的，的表语，前置定语, 有比喻意义。

　　lively 活泼的，生动逼真的 修饰人，物前置定语，表语

　　12、wonder：n. [C]奇迹奇观； [U]惊奇

　　[教材P55]　One of the wonders of the insect world.

　　昆虫世界中的奇观。One of the seven wonders of the ancient world was the Pyramids. 金字塔是古代世界的七大

　　There was a look of wonder in his eyes.

　　他眼中露出惊奇的神色。

　　奇迹之一。

　　(It's) no wonder (that) ...　不足为奇，并不奇怪It's a wonder (that) ...

　　令人惊奇的是……

　　No wonder/It's no wonder he is not hungry；he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿整天吃糖

　　It is a wonder that she should have failed in the exam. 令人惊奇的是，她竟然考试没过关。

　　vt. & vi.觉得奇怪知道wonder about sth.　想知道…对…疑惑wonder at

　　对…感到奇怪wonder＋that (从句)

　　对…感到惊讶wonder＋if / whether (从句)

　　不知道是否…

　　Many people wonder at the beauty of nature.

　　很多人赞叹大自然的美。

　　I wonder if my daughter has completed her homework. 我想知道女儿是否已经完成了家庭作业。

　　1concern： vt. 涉及, 关系到 n. 关心关注[教材P57]　I'm concerned about the future of wildlife in Africa. 我担心非洲野生动物的未来。This concerns us / the healthy growth of the children deeply.这事对我们对孩子们的健康成长关系大。

　　It's no concern of mine.这事与我无关。You always show concern for us. 你一向关心我们。She showed great concern for you. 她很为你担心。提高质量。

　　The manag's only concern was how to improve the quality of their products.经理心里想的全是如何

　　concerned adj. 关心的, 有关的the concerned parents 忧心的父母be concerned about sb./sth.：关心…；为…而担心I am very concerned about her.我非常挂念她。My brother is concerned about your health. 我哥哥非常担心你的健康。

　　His mother is always concerned about his future and his happiness. 他妈常为他前途和幸福担心。拓展：① be concerned in 和…有关/牵连

　　② be concerned about/for/over

　　③ be concerned that 担心，忧虑…

　　④ so/as far as... be concerned 关于，就…而言

　　⑤ as concerns 关于

　　⑥ be concerned with 关于，与…有关

　　He is fit for teaching, as far as I am concerned. 就我而言据我所知，他适合教书。

　　He was truly concerned for her happiness.

　　他真心在乎她的幸福。He was only indirectly concerned in what took place. 他只是间接与所发生的事情有牵连。

　　unconcerned adj. 不关心的, 无忧虑的, 不相关的

　　concerning：prep. 关于What do you know concerning this? 关于这事你知道些什么?

　　14、feed on：以…为食feed： vt.    喂养饲养向…供给  

　　feed sth.to sb.= feed sb. on sth. 用…喂养…e fed up with

　　受够了，厌烦eed sb./sth. with sth.

　　向...提供...feed sth.to sb.= feed sb.with sth. 向…提供…

　　We feed sheep on grass. ＝We feed grass to sheep. 我们用草喂羊。

　　Cattle feed chiefly on grass. 牛主要以草为食Babies mainly feed on their mother’s milk.

　　You can't feed a family of five on $100 a week. 你无法靠每周100美元的收入来养活一家五口。

　　The baby can't feed itself yet. http:///这个婴儿还不能自已吃东西。

　　  He fed the information into the computer. 把资料输进电脑。

　　Most students were fed up with the traditional teaching methods.大多数学生已厌烦了传统教学方式。

　　比较：feed on主要用于动物，动物作主语，指“以……为食”，有时用于婴儿live by：用于人，指“人靠……手段谋生”，后面接谋生的手段live on：主要用于人，人作主语，指“人依靠……生活或靠吃……为生”15、stand for：代表象征表示某种意义意思含义意味着；主张支持；容忍忍受用于否定句、疑问句中[教材P59] The initialsWWF, stand for World Wide Fund for Nature. WWF代表“世界自然保护基金组织”。No one knows what the sign stands for.没有人知道这个标记代表什么。

　　What does BBC stand for？BBC代表什么意思？BRICK stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China. “BRICK”(金砖四国)代表巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国。

　　Whatever happens I will stand for you all the time. 无论发生什么情况，我都会支持你。

　　We will not stand for this sort of behavior, young man! 小伙子，我们不会容忍这种行为。

　　I am not going to stand for that kind of behavior. 我再也不能容忍那种行为了。

　　I won't stand for being treated like a child. 我不会容忍被别人当孩子一样对待。拓展：stand against 抵抗反抗stand aside站开stand away不接近离开

　　stand back退后靠后站

　　stand by袖手旁观支持stand out显突出；坚持stand up 起立；久耐用

　　stand up for维拥护；支持

　　stand up to 勇敢面对，对/抵抗

　　We stand against all forms of cruelty especially to children. 反对任何形式的虐待尤其是虐待儿童。

　　We can’t stand aside and let them do it themselves.How can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that? 你怎么能袖手旁观他虐待那只狗？

　　He has always stood by his friends.She stands out as the best in the class.她是全班最杰出的学生。

　　The road sign is easy to read; the words stand out well.My old bike has stood up to the bad roads.

　　16、branch：(学科)分科、分支。Mathematics is a branch of science. 数学是一门科学。

　　English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages. 英语是日耳曼语系的一个分支。

　　branch 也可意为“树枝；分支机构；分会；支流；支线”等。如:

　　He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches. 他爬上树去，藏在树枝里。

　　They set up fifty branches throughout the country. 他们在全国各地建立了50个分店(或分会)。

　　The river has a lot of branches. 这条河有许多支流。

　　branch 也可作定语branch stores 分店; branch office 分局; branch railway 铁路支线

　　17、focus： vt. & vi. (使)聚集；(使)集中集中(注意力、关心)于……(与on连用)focus one's mind / attention on ... 集中注意力于…We must focus our attention on urgent problems. 我们必须把注意力集中在紧迫的问题上。

　　All eyes were focused on him. 所有目光都集中到他身上。

　　He found it hard to focus on one thing for longer than five minutes.很难集中注意一件事5分钟。

　　focus“焦点距；(兴趣、活动等的)中心”。

　　get out of focus焦点没有对准；不清晰的[教材P59]　The focus of attention has changed too.

　　(WWF)关注的焦点也已经发生了变化。Please adjust the focus of the telescope. 请调节望远镜的焦距。He is the focus of attention. 他是人们注意的焦点。

　　This generation has made the environment a focus of attention. 这一代人使环境成为关注的焦点。

　　Those drugs make my eyes go out of focus and I can't see clearly.那些药伤我眼，使我看不清东西。

　　When studying he focused his mind/attention on his lessons.

　　读书时，他集中心思于功课上。

　　1n. 浪费; 废料/废弃物。vt. & vi. 浪费, 徒劳。adj. 废弃的; 无用的; 荒芜的We must combat extravagance and waste. 我们必须反对铺张浪费。

　　It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer. 再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

　　Don't waste, save! 别浪费, 要节省！Hurry up, we're wasting time.快点儿, 别再浪费时间了。

　　The land becomes waste. 这块土地变得荒芜了。

　　19、set up： [教P59]

　　Then, in 1995, the organisation set up an office in Beijing. 接着1995年该组织在北

　　1) 建立设立成立 Set up home/a chemical lab

　　京成立了办事处。Police set up road blocks on the routes leading out of the city. 警方在通往城外的路上设置了路障。The company has set up three branches in China. 这家公司已经决定在中国设立3个分支机构。

　　2) 树立起来Let’s set up the tent first.

　　3) 使自己或他人从事某职业as)。

　　He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他开始经营书籍同义短语：put up建造反义短语：call off 取消；conceal 取消，撤除拓展set about着手(开始)做set an example树立榜样set aside把...放一旁/留出set apart留拔出set down 写下记下set fire to点燃，生火set foot in/on 登上；涉足；访问set off 动身；引；引爆set out 出发set out to do sth. 着手做某事

　　辨析：set off与set out 两个动词短语都有“出发”和“动身”的意思，都可以解释为start to move或begin a journey。

　　set off 原意是“使爆炸” (cause to explode)；set out原意是“着手做” (begin work with the intention of achieving a particular aim)跟动词不定式。

　　状语从句复习

　　状语从句是英语考试中考查的热点。状语从句按其作用和意义可分为时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较、地点等。

　　一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句常用连词有：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, instantly, directly, each time, every time, the first time, hardly/scarcely...when, no sooner...than 等。

　　难点1：hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than...句型中的时态主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时如果否定词hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首，主句用倒装结构。如： We had hardly / scarcely arrived when it began to rain.

　　=Hardly / Scarcely had we arrived when it began to rain.

　　We had no sooner arrived when it began to rain. =No sooner had we arrived when it began to rain.

　　难点2：when、while、as的用法。这三个词都表“当...时候”时，如果主句表示的是短暂动作，从句的动作是延续的，三者可以通用。如： When/While/As we were playing happily, our mother came back.

　　但三者也有区别： 1）when既可表时间点也可表时间段，即从句中的谓语动词可以是瞬间动词（不能与while互换），也可以是延续性动词（一般可以与while互换）。如： When I arrived at the airport, I found the plane had taken off. （瞬间）

　　When you watch TV, you should keep a certain distance to protect your eyes.（延续）

　　2）while只能表时间段，即从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词，表示动作或状态的持续，而且经常是用进行时。 如： We must keep silent while others are studying.

　　特殊句型： A. While I admit the paper is very difficult, I don’t think you should give it up.

　　（虽然我承认这份试卷很难，但我认为你不应该放弃。while 表示让步的逻辑。）

　　B. He likes pop music, while I am fond of classical music.（while是并列连词，引导的是并列句，表对比）

　　3）as强调伴随，即从句动作是伴随着主句动作同时发生的一个次要动作，“一边…一边…”。如： The class took notes of what the professor taught as they listened to him attentively.

　　二、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有 where, wherever 等。

　　难点1：where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可于主句前或后；表抽象条件的含义时，从句须在主句前。We should go where the Party needs us most.

　　You are free to go wherever you like.

　　Where there is a will, there is a way.

　　Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.

　　难点2： 区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句： You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. （状语从句） You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. （定语从句）

　　三、原因状语从句引导原因状从的从属连词有because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等。难点：because, since, as, for 的用法。because：从属连词，语气最强，表示直接原因，回答why提问的句子。放在主句前后都可以。如：

　　Because she wants to study abroad, she is studying English hard. as与since：从属连词，表众所周知或明显的原因。since比as更正式，而as常用在口语中。一般位于主句前，有时也可位于主句后。如：

　　Since / As all of you know the answer, there’s no need for me to explain it again.

　　for： 并列连词，它引导的句子往往是对前面句子理由的解释或补充说明。不能位于主句前。如：Mother will come back soon, for it is getting dark.

　　四、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that等。

　　难点1： in order that与so that。 两个连词都意为“以便..., 为了...”，从句需用情态动词。in order that比so that正式，引导的从句可于主句前或后，而so that引导的从句只能于主句后。如：I’ll speak slowly so that / in order that you can understand me.

　　In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.

　　难点2：从句转换成不定式。目的状语从句可转换为不定式，但只有主从句主语一致时，才能直接转换。He got up early in order that he could catch the bus. =He got up early in order to catch the bus.

　　五、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so... that..., such ...that...。在非正式语体中，由so... that..., such ...that...引导的句子中 that 可省略。

　　难点1： so 和such的用法。 so...that 中间是形容词或副词。 such...that 中间是名词，但当名词被表数量的 many, much, few, little 修饰时，要用so。 such...that中间如果是单数可数名词时可以转换成 so...that 句型，但必须把名词前的形容词提到冠词前。

　　It is such a lovely toy that it sells well. = It is so lovely a toy that it sells well.

　　It is not surprising that such little (小的）worms eat so little（少的）grain.

　　难点2： such...that 和 such...as 的区别 such...that 引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不充当成分；such...as 引导定语从句，在从句中必须充当主语、宾语等成分。如： It was such a difficult exam that we all failed. （结果状语从句，that在从句中没有充当成分） It was such a difficult exam as we all failed in. （定语从句，as在定语从句中充当介词in的宾语）

　　六、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：ifunless (=if...not)，so / as long as，in case，

　　on condition that，suppose / supposing 等。 表将来，从句要用现在时态。如：

　　As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.（只要不灰心，你会成功的。）

　　难点： 条件的真实性。 英语中，条件可分为真实条件和假设条件两种。真实条件要用陈述语气； 如果不可能或可能性不大，是假设条件，要用虚拟语气。如： You’ll fail the exam if you don’t study hard. If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.

　　七、让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的从属连词though, although, even though, even if, as, while, whoever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whatever, whomever, no matter who/ when/ where/ which/ what..., however 等。

　　难点： 让步状语从句的倒装。though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。 倒装时，把表语形容词、名词（名词前不用冠词），状语副词或谓语动词提前到句首。如： Heavily as / though it was raining, he rushed out.

　　Tried as / though he has many times, he hasn’t got a satisfactory result.

　　Child as / though he is, he knows a lot about America.

　　八、方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as if, as though, as, just as 等。

　　难点：as if/ though引导的方式状语从句一般要求用虚拟语气：从句动词用过去时表现在（be动词用were，有时也可用was），用过去完成时表过去。但从句陈述的情况实现的可能性很大时，也可用陈述语气。Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired.

　　He speaks as if/though he were a millionaire.

　　但在 It looks as if..., It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。如： It looks as if it’s going to rain.

　　九、 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用 as, than, the more...,the more… 等引导。如： Bob looks younger than I do.（Bob看起来比我年轻。） The more tickets you sell, the more money you get.