A 关于一般现在时的疑问式,第三人称用does he/she/it+动词原形,其他各人称用do I/you/we/they+动词原形。
关于一般过去时的疑问式,各人称都用did+主语+动词原形:
Does Peter enjoy parties?
彼得喜欢参加聚会吗?
Did he enjoy Anns party?
他在安的聚会上玩得开心吗?
至于其他各时态,则通过把主语放在助动词之后的方法来构成疑问式:
Have you finished?
你完成了吗?
Are you coming?
你们来吗?
B 用于疑问句中的助动词的缩略形式
1 am,is,are,have,had,will和wouldhow,what,who,where,why这一类词后的缩略形式正如第102节B节中所示:
How will/Howll he get there?
他将怎样到那里去?
What has/Whats happened?
发生了什么事?
is和will在when之后也可以有缩略形式:
When is/Whens he coming?
他什么时候来?
will在which之后也可有缩略形式:
Which will/Whichll you have?
你要哪一个?
如上面A中所示,如动词在前,除了在书面的否定疑问式中可以缩略之外,其他情况下在书面语中都没有缩略形式。但通常在口语中都用缩略形式。
2 shall,should,do和did没有书面缩略形式,虽然有时可将do you写成d you。在口语中shall,should和do you常常读为/Ml/,/M+d/,/dju:/。
C 疑问式用于疑问句,但不用于下列场合:
1 如问句问的是主语是什么人或什么东西时:
Who told you?
谁告诉你的?
What happened?
出了什么事?
2 在间接引语中时:
He said,Where does she live?
他问道:她住在哪里?相当于:
He asked where she lived.
他问她住在哪里。
3 如果我们在一个问句之前加上像Do you know,Can you tellme, I want to know,Id like to know,I wonder/was wondering,Have you any idea,Do you think等这样一些语句时:
What time does it start?
什么时候开始?
但是说:
Have you any idea what time it starts?
你知道什么时候开始吗?
Where does Peter live?
彼得住在什么地方?
但是说:
I wonder where Peter lives.
我很想知道彼得住在什么地方。
Will I have to pay duty on this?
我必须为此纳税吗?
但是说:
Do you think Ill have/Do you know if Ill have to pay duty?
你认为我必须/你知道我是否必须交税?
D 请求通常用疑问句表示:
Can/Could you help me?
你可以帮助我吗?
Will/Would you pay at the desk?
请您到收款处交款,好吗?
Would you like to come this way?
请您这边来,好吗?
Would you mind moving your car?
请您移动一下汽车,好吗?
但也可以在请求之前加上I wonder/was wondering或Do you think等这样一类短语,这时用于表示请求的动词就从疑问式变为肯定式(即陈述式):
Could you give me a hand with this?
请您帮我拿一下这东西好吗?
但是说:
I wonder/was wondering/wondered if you could give me a hand.
我不知道您是否能帮我一把。
Do you think you could give me a hand?
您能帮我一把吗?
在间接引语中不会引起问题,因为间接请求是用像ask这一类动词加上宾语+不定式来表示的:
He asked me to give him a hand.
他要我帮他一把。
E 疑问式常用在否定动词之后的附加疑问中:
You didnt see him,did you?
你没有见到他,是吗?
F 为了表示强调而把never,rarely,seldom,only,when,only by, not only,not till这一类词或短语放在句首时,随后的主要动词要用倒装形式(与疑问式相同):
Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged.
我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。
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