2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：6 动词与动词短语

　　动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。

　　动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。

　　考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面：①动词的词义；②动词搭配；③及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；④熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等)。1．(2016·湖北，23)While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.

　　A．sacrifice

　　B．substitute

　　C．simplify

　　D．survive

　　2．(2016·福建，28)Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.

　　A．turn down

　　B．turn out

　　C．break down

　　D．break out

　　3．(2016·湖北，24)According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.

　　A．associate

　　B．dispute

　　C．negotiate

　　D．register

　　4．(2016·江苏，23)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.

　　—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.

　　A．qualified

　　B．preserved

　　C．decorated

　　D．simplified

　　5．(2016·江苏，29)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.

　　A．get over

　　B．look over

　　C．take over

　　D．come over

　　6．(2016·陕西，25)My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________.

　　A．cut out

　　B．cut down

　　C．cut up

　　D．cut off

　　7．(2016·天津，2)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hand.

　　A．lend

　　B．shake

　　C．wave

　　D．want

　　8．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，23)Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.

　　A．check

　　B．allow

　　C．stop

　　D．help

　　9．(2016·浙江，9)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.

　　A．conclude

　　B．lead

　　C．avoid

　　D．hold

　　10．(2016·浙江，12)A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.

　　A．realizing

　　B．copying

　　C．offering

　　D．misunderstanding

　　【例1】 Recently，these companies have ________ some workers becames of the drop in economy.A．hired

　　B．dismissed

　　C．refused

　　D．employed

　　【例2】 When his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly ________.

　　A．injured

　　B．damaged

　　C．harmed

　　D．destroyed

　　【例3】 I ________ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.

　　A．make

　　B．look

　　C．take

　　D．think

　　【例4】 Her shoes ________ her dress，they look very well together.

　　A．suit

　　B．fit

　　C．compare

　　D．match

　　英语中一些动词虽然词形相近，但意义不同

　　(1)动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。

　　adapt意为“改编，(使)适应”，常用结构为adapt (oneself) to ...或be adapted to表示“改变自己以适应……”。

　　adjust意为“调整，调节，使适合”，常用结构为adjust (oneself) to ...表示“适应……”。

　　adopt意为“收养，领养；采用”。

　　(2)动词arouse, arise, rise, raise的用法比较。

　　arouse意为“引起，激起；唤醒”。

　　arise不及物动词，意为“发生，产生”。

　　rise不及物动词，意为“上升，上涨”。

　　raise及物动词，意为“抬高，举起，饲养，提出，筹集”。

　　(3)动词acquire, require, request的用法比较。

　　acquire及物动词，意为“(通过努力)取得，获得，学到”，其名词形式为acquirement。

　　require及物动词，意为“需要，命令”，其名词形式为requirement。

　　request及物动词，意为“请求，要求”，其名词形式仍为request。

　　(4)动词expose, export, explode, explore的用法比较。

　　expose意为“使暴露，使曝光，使遭受”，常用结构为expose sb/sth to表示“使……暴露于或遭受……；使……接触……”。

　　export意为“出口，输出”。

　　explode不及物动词，意为“爆炸”。

　　explore意为“探索，探测”。　系动词

　　【例5】 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains ________.

　　A．seen

　　B．to be seen

　　C．seeing

　　D．to see

　　【例6】 On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she ________ pale.

　　A．got

　　B．changed

　　C．went

　　D．appeared

　　【例7】 It was already past midnight and only three young men ________ in the tea house.

　　A．left

　　B．remained

　　C．delayed

　　D．deserted

　　英语中系动词主要分为三种

　　(1)状态及表像系动词

　　be, appear, seem, look, feel, taste, sound, smell等。

　　He is a great scientist.他是一位伟大的科学家。

　　Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来软软的。

　　He appears a normal person.他看起来是一个正常的人。

　　(2)持续系动词

　　remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。

　　He always keeps silent at meetings.他开会时总保持沉默。

　　The weather still remained cold in April.

　　四月的天气仍然很冷。

　　He stayed single all his life.他打了一辈子的光棍。

　　(3)变化系动词

　　become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come, run等。

　　She grew rich within a short time.

　　她没多长时间就变得富有了。

　　He became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。

　　His face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。　

　　【例8】 The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.

　　A．make up

　　B．figure out

　　C．look through

　　D．put off

　　【例9】 You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.

　　A．set aside

　　B．take up

　　C．put away

　　D．give out

　　与介词副词【例1】 It's going to rain.Xiao Feng，will you please help me ________ the clothes on the line?

　　A．get off

　　B．get back

　　C．get in

　　D．get on

　　【例】 I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't ________.(2009·全国Ⅰ)

　　A．get along

　　B．get on

　　C．get to

　　D．get through

　　与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词

　　(1)break

　　break away from脱离　break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉

　　break into闯入，破门而入　break out(战争)爆发　break in破门而入　break off打断；中断　break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止

　　(2)call

　　call for需要，邀请　call on/at号召；访问　call in召集；召来　call up召唤；召集；打电话　call off取消

　　(3)come

　　come about发生　come across偶遇　come to共计，达到，苏醒　come true变为现实

　　come up走上前，被提出　come up with提出　come into being形成　come into use投入使用

　　(4)get

　　get about四处走动；传开　get across传达　get away逃脱，设法离开　get down下来；记下　get in收割；到达　get off出发；下班　get together聚会　get through接通；通过　get down to开始认真干　get over克服　get along/on with进展；相处　get up起身，起床

　　(5)give

　　give up放弃　give in屈服　give out用尽；分发　give away泄露；赠送；颁发　give off发出　give back归还；使恢复

　　(6)go

　　go against违背；对……不利　go ahead开始，进展，进行

　　go after/for追逐，追求　go without勉强维持；凑合

　　go in for爱好，参加；从事　go through通过；经历；审查

　　go over复习；仔细审查　go by过去，经过

　　(7)hold

　　hold back隐瞒；控制(情感)　hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑

　　hold up使……耽搁　hold on坚持；别挂(电话)

　　hold together团结一致　hold on to保留，抓住不放

　　(8)make

　　make up for补偿，弥补　make out辨认出　make fun of取笑　make up one's mind下定决心　make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通　make good/full use of充分利用　make up编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足

　　(9)put

　　put aside把……放在一边　put away把……收好　put down扑灭，平息　put forward提出　put off延期；推诿

　　put out扑灭；生产　put up挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿　put up with忍受，容忍　 (10)turn

　　turn down拒绝；调低　turn in上交　turn out结果是，证明是　turn over移交，交给　turn up出现；调高　turn off关掉　turn on打开　turn away走开　turn to求助于；翻到

　　介词副词【例】 In modern times，people have to learn to ________ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.

　　A．keep with

　　B．stay with

　　C．meet with

　　D．live with

　　【例】 ________ a moment and I will go to your rescue.

　　A．Go on

　　B．Hold on

　　C．Move on

　　D．Carry on

　　含有相同介词或副词的高频动词短语

　　(1)动词＋out

　　turn out　point out　pick out　figure out　burst out

　　bring out　carry out　set out　make out　leave out　keep out　work out　run out　check out　go out

　　(3)动词＋off

　　start off　set off　leave off　show off　see sb off　fall off　keep off　carry off　pay off　(4)动词＋back

　　keep back　hold back　put back　give back　call back

　　take back

　　(5)动词＋away

　　throw away　blow away　carry away　clear away　die away　give away　pass away　wash away　send awayturn away　

　　【例】 —Have you ________ some new ideas?

　　—Yeah.I'll tell you later.

　　A．come about

　　B．come into

　　C．come up with

　　D．come out with

　　【例】 The media can often help solve problems and draw attention ________ situations ________ help is needed.

　　A．in；that

　　B．to；which

　　C．in；where

　　D．to；where

　　该类试题的常考点有

　　keep/bear...in mind牢记　burst into tears突然大哭　catch up with赶上　come up with提出　come into use开始使用　date back to追溯到，始于　get away from逃离　keep an eye on照看，注意　keep...in touch(与……)保持联系　look forward to盼望　look down upon轻视　make sense of弄懂　make a difference起作用　make the best of充分利用　make up for弥补，补偿

　　make room for与……腾出空间　put...into effect使……生效　put up with忍受，容忍　take advantage of利用　take part in参加　take pride in以……为自豪　keep up with跟上，与……保持联系　

　　使役动词

　　【例】 —You look upset.What's the matter?

　　—I had my proposal ________ again.

　　A．turned over

　　B．turned on

　　C．turned off

　　D．turned down

　　【例】 My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve.

　　A．feeling well

　　B．feeling good

　　C．feel well

　　D．feel good

　　常见的使役动词have, make, get, let的用法：

　　1．have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth

　　此结构表示“让某人干某事”。

　　The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.

　　放学后老师让一些学生仍呆在教室里。

　　温馨提示：make如果是被动语态时后面要用带to的不定式。

　　He was made to work day and night.

　　他被迫日夜工作。

　　2．have/make/get sth (sb) done

　　此结构表示“让……被做”。过去分词充当宾语补足语，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。

　　She has/gets/makes her hair cut once a month.

　　她每月理一次头发。

　　3．have sth/sb doing sth

　　此结构表示“让(使)某人一直做某事”或“让(使)某物处于某种状态”。

　　The two men had their lights burning all night long.

　　那两个人让灯亮了一整夜。　1．Thousands of visitors were ________ to the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.

　　A．adopted

　　B．accepted

　　C．attracted

　　D．attached

　　2．I didn't want to drive all the way to New York by myself，so I ________ Anna，my best friend of ten years，to ride with me.

　　A．convinced

　　B．consulted

　　C．adopted

　　D．admitted

　　3．When the book，Twilight，was first ________，it was immediately well received by readers.

　　A．brought up

　　B．brought down

　　C．brought about

　　D．brought out

　　4．—Do you know why the teacher asks for me?

　　—He wants you to ________ your absence last night.

　　A．account for

　　B．call for

　　C．send for

　　D．reach for

　　5． When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him，the thief ________ the exit quickly.

　　A．made for

　　B．made out

　　C．made up

　　D．made into

　　6．The bell rang and every student had to ________ their examination papers.

　　A．give up

　　B．give away

　　C．give out

　　D．give in

　　7．The happiest people don't have the best of everything.They just ________ everything.

　　A．get away from

　　B．make the best of

　　C．fix attention on

　　D．catch up with

　　8．The two－year－old girl who was ________ twice and ignored by 18 people has finally died in a hospital.

　　A．run up

　　B．run away

　　C．run after

　　D．run over

　　9． Many great artists were not famous in their own time，and people only started to ________ them many years later.

　　A．remind

　　B．appreciate

　　C．inspire

　　D．assist

　　10．It is our responsibility to ________ that the country's health care publications are beneficial to the people.

　　A．satisfy

　　B．compromise

　　C．quarrel

　　D．ensure