短文改错是高考题型之一,分值占十分;该题型从中国高中学生的角度写就的一篇短文,主要针对中学生学习英语常出现的典型错误而命题。要提高该类题的得分,主要基于扎实的语言功底,还需一定的解题技巧。很多书中介绍了对此类题型的解法,但很多情况下注重列举考点,许多学生具体在解该类题型仍感觉到很茫然;也有学生作了很多该类型题,但进步甚微。结合本人教学实践,现将辅导学生解该类题的体会总结为一段口诀。本法试图从整体到局部、从句到字的解题策略方面从手来解该类题。口诀如下:
“先大体,后局部,逐句逐字细审核,
句句之间判逻辑,时态语态需吻合,
名单看冠复看变,名代性格数一致,
再看形副与搭配。”
“先大体,后局部,逐句逐字细审核”是解短文改错题的总体原则。在作短文改错题时,第一遍要求学生通读全文,把握全文主旨,理清文章线索,不能“一叶障目,不见森林”。在了解全文大意后,需对每句甚至每个单词进行认真分析。若能明显地找出该行出现的一个错误,则转入下一行;对一行句子的判断,从以下角度分析:
“句句之间判逻辑”是在第一遍通读后,对上下句之间、或者在一个复合句里分句之间逻辑关系的判断,即对连词的斟酌。以2003年高考英语试题为例,第77行为:difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought
77. ___________。该句主要为一个表语从句,使用了in that为连接词,在解题时就需对该连词进行重点分析,实际上该表语从句用来解释主句的problem一词,并无成分的残缺,因此in一词多余。
如果分句之间、句句之间逻辑关系并无错误,则分析的重点应转为对时态语态的分析,以及动词的具体使用,即“时态语态需吻合”。一篇文章在时态上应该保持一致,如84行,…very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was…
从全文看,记叙的是过去初学英语的体会,通篇用的是一过去时态,但本行却出现了reads, 显然与整篇文章在时态上不一致,需调整为一般过去时,改为read。平时在学习英语时老师强调用英语进行思维,同学们在学习的时候要注意时态语态的正确使用,对时态语态有一定的敏感度,才能在解该题时迅速地识别出错误。若时态语态没有出现错误,则还需对动词的具体用法进行分析,看看使用是否有误,如…the lower aged group has joined in the tide of …
在该行中joined in为误用,应改为joined.
若该行时态语态及动词的使用准确,则看名词的冠词及复数变化是否准确,即“名单看冠复看变”。意为名词以单数形式出现,则需判断冠词的使用是否准确,是否该用冠词,以及用定冠词还是不定冠词。如以复数形式出现,则需判断变化形式是否准确,尤其是不规则名词的复数形式。在高考题短文改错题中,一般涉及冠词使用及名词用法的题有一道。如79行…My teacher advised me to keep my dairy. I followed her…
其中my应为a.
“再看形副与搭配”指的是审核形容词、副词的使用是否准确,包括是用原级、比较级还是最高级,相同相似相近词的区分,以及搭配使用是否准确。在此就不再例证。
需要说明的是,本文探讨的是解短文改错的优化策略,同学们需结合练习,使之更符合自己的解题习惯。
附2003年高考短文改错:
When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many
76.________
difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought
77._______
in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
78.________
My teacher advised me to keep my dairy. I followed her
79._________
advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
80. ________
So I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was
81.________
learning to express me in simply English. One day I wrote
82._________
a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it
83._________
very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was
84.__________
a good one. Their word were good encouragement to me.
85.___________
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