2016届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解7

　　2016届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解7

　　People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.

　　The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5～10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”

　　The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5  10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.

　　It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

　　The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.

　　While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.

　　The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”

　　[语篇解读]　人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。

　　5．When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it________.

　　A. faces danger

　　B. has breeding rights

　　C. eats its competitor

　　D. leaves the group itself

　　[解析]　推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。

　　[答案]　A

　　6．The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to ________.

　　A. the fish beaten up

　　B. the fish found out

　　C. the fish fattened up

　　D. the fish driven away

　　[解析]　猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。

　　[答案]　D

　　7．The experiment showed that the smaller fish________.

　　A. fought over a feast

　　B. went on diet willingly

　　C. preferred some extra food

　　D. challenged the boss fish

　　[解析]　事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。

　　[答案]　B

　　8．What is the text mainly about?

　　A. Fish dieting and human dieting.

　　B. Dieting and health.

　　C. Human dieting.

　　D. Fish dieting.

　　[解析]　主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选D。

　　[答案]　D

　　Find Which Direction Is South

　　Do you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.

　　It’ s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委托) with the job of mapreading actually knows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it’ s still morning. If you don’t know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but you’ll need to be patient.源:学§科§网]

　　①Find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.

　　②Try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.You can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. You haven’ t got any string？OK, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.

　　③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.

　　④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.

　　⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks.

　　⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.

　　⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.

　　⑧That point is south of where you are.

　　⑨Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling.

　　[语篇解读]　你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。如果没带指南针呢？你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。

　　1．To find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because________.

　　A. it is not easy to find a proper stick

　　B. it is not easy to position the stick

　　C. it takes hours to make the marks

　　D. it takes about half an hour to make the marks

　　[解析]　推理判断题。依据文章中的③⑤可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要耐心。

　　[答案]　C

　　2．The passage would probably be most helpful to________.

　　A. those who draw maps

　　B. those who get lost

　　C. those who make compasses

　　D. those who do experiments

　　[解析]　推理判断题。依据文章第二段，“我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致”，可以知道这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为B。

　　[答案]　B

　　3．Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south?

　　[解析]　依据文章中⑥的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是A。

　　[答案]　A

　　4．The author presents this passage by________.

　　A. telling an interesting story

　　B. describing an activity in a lively way

　　C. testing an idea by reasoning

　　D. introducing a practical method

　　[解析]　细节理解题。本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的。

　　[答案]　D

　　A strange thing happened to Henry yesterday. He was on a bus and to __1__. So he stood up and rang the bell. __2__ make sure the driver heard him, he rang it twice, but the bus __3__ stop. And the conductor came and shouted __4__ him.

　　The conductor was __5__ angry and spoke __6__ fast that Henry didn’t understand __7__. The bus stopped at the next bus and Henry got off. As he got off he heard someone said, “ I think he __8__ a foreigner.”

　　When Henry got __9__, he told his wife about it.

　　“ __10__ times did you ring the bell?” his wife asked.

　　“ Twice,” said Henry.

　　“ Well, that’s the signal (信号) __11__ the driver __12__ on.” His wife explained, “only the conductor __13__ to ring the bell twice. That’s why the conductor __14__ so angry!”

　　Henry nodded（点头）. “ __15__,” he said.

　　1. A. got off

　　B. gets off

　　C. get off

　　D. get on

　　2. A.To

　　B. At

　　C. In

　　D. with

　　3. A. doesn’t

　　B. don’t

　　C. didn’t

　　D. wasn’t

　　4. A. in

　　B. on

　　C. of

　　D. at

　　5. A. so

　　B. as

　　C. at

　　D. because

　　6. A. so that

　　B. that

　　C. so

　　D. why

　　7. A. words

　　B. a word

　　C. speech

　　D. song

　　8. A. was

　　B. isn’t

　　C.

　　is

　　D. am

　　9. A. to home

　　B. at home

　　C. in home

　　D. home

　　10. A. How many

　　B. How much

　　C. How long

　　D. How

　　11. A. to

　　B. at

　　C. on

　　D. for

　　12. A. to go

　　B. go

　　C. went on

　　D. goes

　　13. A. allowed

　　B. is allowed

　　C. was allowed

　　D. allow

　　14. A. got

　　B. gets

　　C. is getting

　　D. gotten

　　15. A. I seen

　　B. I saw

　　C. I see

　　D. I did

　　名师点评

　　本文讲述了一位外国人在乘车时遇到的麻烦。当他准备下车时，因为着急按了两次车铃，结果引出一场误会，导致不能及时下车。

　　答案简析

　　C。从上下文意思可知他准备下车，故选get off。

　　A。他按两次电铃的目的是希望列车员能听见。这里应用动词不定式表示目的，故选to。

　　C。文章主要讲述过去发生的事情。应用一般过去时，故选didn’t.

　　D。shout at sb 意为“对某人大吵，大嚷”，故选at。

　　A。由文章可知，列车员很生气，用副词so来修饰“angry”与下文that 构成固定搭配，即so…that…， 意思是“如此……以至……”。

　　C。与上题同解。

　　B。根据文意可知列车员的话乘客一句也没有听懂。故选a word。

　　C。因为是直接引语，所以这里用一般现在时。故选is。

　　D。got为不接物动词，可以直接接副词home，意为“到家”。

　　A。分析四个选项，只有how many后可接可数名词复数

　　D。这里for表示一种限定，指专门给驾驶员的信号。

　　A。根据文意可知按两次车铃是提醒司机继续前进的信号，动词不定式在此作后置定语，故选to go。

　　B。列车员与allow之间构成被动关系，这里应用被动语态，故选is allowed。

　　A。列车员生气的情况已发生，所以用一般过去时，故选got。

　　C。根据文意，这位乘客知道列车员生气的原因之后， 应说“I see.”。