2016届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：完形填空8

　　2016届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：完形填空8

　　The computer is fast, and never makes a mistake, while people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes. That’s __1__ people often say when __2__ talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, scientists have been __3__ better and better computers. Now a computer can __4__ a lot of __5__ jobs wonderfully. It is __6__ used in factories, hospitals, post offices and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost __7__ field. Many computer scientists are thinking of __8__ the computer “think” like a man. With the help of a person, a computer can __9__ pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, recognize voices, translate languages and so on. Perhaps computers will __10__ really think and feel. Do you think the people will be afraid __11__ they find that the computer is too clever to listen to and serve the people? No, people will __12__ better use of the computers in __13__ future. Man is __14__ the master of the computer. The computer works only __15__ the help of man. It cannot take the place of man.

　　1. A. that

　　B. what

　　C. how

　　D. why

　　2. A. we

　　B. they

　　C. you

　　D. people

　　3. A. loving

　　B. taking

　　C. making D. thinking

　　4. A. have

　　B. get

　　C. do

　　D. offer

　　5. A. everyday

　　B. every day C. each day D. some day

　　6. A. widely

　　B. wide

　　C. great

　　D. deeply

　　7. A. either

　　B. all

　　C. both

　　D. every

　　8. A. producing B. ordering C. making D. building

　　9. A. take

　　B. look at

　　C. draw

　　D. put

　　10.A. one day

　　B. a day

　　C. any day D. the other day

　　11.A. when

　　B. that

　　C. how

　　D. while

　　12.A. chose

　　B. get

　　C. take

　　D. make

　　13.A. a

　　B. an

　　C. the

　　D. /

　　14.A. often

　　B. never

　　C. always

　　D. sometimes

　　15.A. with

　　B. under

　　C. by

　　D. for

　　名师点评

　　本文讲述了电脑在人类工作与生活等方面起着越来越大的作用，并告诉人们不必担心不断发展的电脑会威胁人类的安全，因为它永远处于人类的操纵之中。

　　答案简析

　　1．B。这里需要一个表语从句的引导词，并在从句中作say的宾语，代替上文的内容。 what从意思和语法上都合乎文意，为正确选项。

　　2．B。替代前文的people应用they。

　　3．C。科学家们一直在制造越来越好的电脑，故选择making。

　　4．C。do a lot of jobs意思为“干许多事情”。其余三个动词皆不合文意。

　　5．A。词组every day意思为“每天”；some day指将来的“某一天”；形容词everyday意思为“日常的”，合乎文意，为正确选项。

　　6．A。这里应选择一个副词，表示电脑应用的程度。widely意思是“广泛地”，为正确选项。

　　7．D。下文中的field是可数名词单数形式，意思为“领域”，而either指两者中的任意一个，不合文意，故选择every。

　　8．C。make作使役动词时，后面应接不定式的复合结构，且不定式省去to，即make sb. do sth.，故选择make。

　　9．C。draw意思为“画图”，合乎文意。

　　10．A。the other day指过去的某一天；one day既可指过去的某一天，也可指将来的某一天。这里讲的是将来的设想，故选one day。

　　11．A。这是一个时间状语从句。while引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；when引导的从句中，动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词，故when为正确选项。

　　12．D。固定结构make use of意思为“利用”。

　　13．C。in the future意思为“将来”，为正确选项。而in future意思为“今后”，不合文意。

　　14．C。根据上下文，电脑是不可能取代人类的，而人类应永远是电脑的操纵者，故选always。

　　15．A。固定结构with the help of意思为“在……的帮助下”。

　　Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.

　　Components of Soil

　　Soil is made up of a number of layers (层) , each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.

　　Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada ，for example ，was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.

　　Water Beneath the Soil

　　Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ，ponds, and rivers. Once in the soil or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.

　　As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.

　　Soil pH

　　Soil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.

　　The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal ，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.

　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH对于植物生长的影响。

　　5．The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called________.

　　A. litter

　　B. topsoil

　　C. humus

　　D. subsoil

　　[解析]　考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的“The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant...which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients”可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoil layer。

　　[答案]　B

　　6．According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.

　　B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.

　　C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.

　　D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.

　　[解析]　考查细节判断。根据文章第二段中的“Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus”可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。

　　[答案]　B

　　7．We can infer from the passage that the water table lies________.

　　A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer

　　B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock

　　C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock

　　D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil

　　[解析]　考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate”可知water table是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项C正确。

　　[答案]　C

　　8．The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are________.

　　A. rushed away into the river

　　B. cleaned and purified by water

　　C. destroyed and carried away by water

　　D. mixed with water and become part of it

　　[解析]　考查词义猜测。根据本句中的“...and carries them to deeper layers”可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。

　　[答案]　D