2016高考英语二轮精编：精品资料专题02 名词教学案（教师版）

　　2016高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题02 名词教学案（教师版）

　　【2016高考考纲解读】名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的。

　　综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法。【知识整合】 国名地名人名，

　　团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词

　　个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词

　　（二）转换

　　个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换

　　抽象化(名词，可数名词) 名词(可数)

　　in flower开花 a flower一朵花儿

　　youth青春 a youth年轻人

　　success成功 a success成功的人或事

　　物质名词与个体名词的相互转换

　　物质名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词，可数名词)

　　iron铁 an iron熨斗

　　glass玻璃 a glass玻璃杯

　　chicken鸡肉 a chicken小鸡

　　抽象名词与个体名词的转换

　　抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词，可数名词)

　　in surprise 惊讶地 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事

　　win success 获得成功 a success 一个(件)成功的人(事)

　　win honor 赢得荣誉 an honor 一个(件)引以为荣的人(事)

　　Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母. a failure 一个(件)失败的人(事)

　　have pity on sb. 怜悯某人 a pity 可惜的事情

　　with pleasure 乐意 a pleasure 乐事

　　-s boy — boys

　　pen — pens

　　以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一般加-es glass—glasses

　　box—boxes

　　watch—watches

　　brush—brushes

　　特例：stomach — stomachs

　　以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es” baby—babies

　　lady —ladies

　　注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：

　　pence（便士的钱数）

　　pennies(便士的枚数) “o”结尾的多数加-s radios

　　zoos

　　photos

　　pianos

　　kilos

　　tobaccos

　　而下列名词的复数却要加-es：

　　tomato — tomatoes

　　potato — potatoes

　　hero — heroes “f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es wife—wives

　　self — selves

　　特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs

　　gulf—gulfs

　　belief—beliefs

　　man-men

　　woman-women

　　foot-feet

　　goose-geese

　　mouse-mice

　　特例：child-children sheep

　　deer

　　means（方法）

　　works（作品、工厂、著作）

　　●sons-in-law

　　lookers-on

　　passers-by

　　story-tellers

　　boy friends

　　●grown-ups

　　housewives

　　stopwatches

　　●women singers

　　men servants

　　在熟悉规则的基础上，以下几点：

　　1.注意以下名词数的概念

　　以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)

　　physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States

　　集合名词：表示一类事物的集合或总称，没有复数形式

　　machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence

　　单数和复数形式表达不同的意思

　　custom风俗，习惯—customs海关

　　damage损害—damages赔偿金

　　good好处，利益—goods货物

　　time时间—times时代，次数，倍数

　　fish 鱼肉—fishes 各种鱼

　　paper 纸—papers 试卷，文件

　　water 水—waters 水域

　　room 空间—rooms 房间

　　time 时间—times 时代

　　arm 手臂—arms 武器

　　④有些抽象名词有时以复数形式出现，表示具体化，意义发生变化或构成固定短语。

　　use one’s brains动脑筋

　　meet with difficulties遇到各种困难

　　make preparations做准备

　　in high spirits 情绪高涨

　　good manners有礼貌

　　Many thanks.非常感谢。

　　No pains, no gains.不劳无获。

　　congratulations祝贺

　　possessions所有物，财产

　　surroundings环境

　　⑤有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。

　　burst into tears 大哭起来

　　miles of golden sands 绵延几英里的金黄色沙滩

　　burn to ashes 烧成灰烬

　　⑥形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义

　　people, police, cattle, staff, public, the＋adj.(the rich富人), the＋ 分词(the wounded伤员)

　　2.集体名词的数

　　family, team, audience, class, club, committee, crowd, group, enemy, cattle, government, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff等集体名词注意其主谓一致，一般来说，视为整体时作单数看待，侧重其成员时则作复数看待。

　　The enemy has suffered heavy losses.

　　The enemy are in flight.

　　名词所有格的规则如下：

　　名词词尾加’s，如the boy’s bag, men’s room。

　　若名词已有复数词尾s”，只加 ‘”。如：the workers’ struggle。

　　of构成的所有格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。

　　在熟悉规则的基础上，以下几点：

　　1.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有‘s”，则表示“分别有”；只有一个‘s”，则表示“共有”。

　　John’s and Mary’s rooms(分别拥有的房间)

　　John and Mary’s room(共有的一间)

　　2.‘s”所有格的特殊表达形式

　　①用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。

　　today’s newspaper, five minutes’ walk(drive)，five pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth of apples。

　　②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。

　　the earth’s plant, the world’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。

　　③表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop，house等名词。

　　the tailor’s

　　裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所。

　　3.双重所有格：of ＋名词’s(或+名词性物主代词)

　　a friend of Tom’s

　　some/two students of mine

　　尤其是在表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时常常用这种结构。of 所修饰的名词前通常有指示代词that/this/these/those，但不能用the。

　　That invention of hers belongs to the world.她的那项发明是属于全世界的。(表赞赏)

　　注意：当of 之前的名词是picture, portrait等词时含义不同：

　　This is a picture of my friend’s.这是我朋友收藏的一幅画。

　　This is a picture of my friend.这是我朋友的一张照片。

　　名词作定语时的特别注意点：

　　名词作定语时，一般用其单数形式，且不随后面的名词的单复数产生变化

　　two pencil­ boxes, girl friends, a seven-year-old boy

　　但是，少数的名词作定语却用复数形式。

　　sports shoes 运动鞋

　　clothes shops 服装店

　　a sales girl女销售员

　　a greetings card 贺卡

　　②man和woman作定语要注意其单复数形式的变化

　　a man doctor—men doctors; a woman engineer—women engineers

　　③名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。

　　the girl friend女朋友—the girl's friend那位女孩的朋友

　　the woman driver女司机—the woman's driver那位妇女的司机

　　④名词作定语和形容词作定语的区别

　　名词作定语主要说明物质的材料、来源或对象；形容词作定语主要起修饰、限定的作用。

　　gold watch金表

　　golden sunshine金色的阳光

　　heart trouble心脏病

　　hearty welcome热忱的欢迎

　　convenience food快餐

　　convenient food制作方便的食品

　　【考点突破】We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.

　　A. too much

　　B. a number of

　　C. plenty of

　　D. a good many

　　②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.

　　A. many of

　　B. masses of

　　C. the number of

　　D. a large amount of

　　考点2 名词的所有格

　　The village is far away from here indeed. It's ____ walk.

　　A. a four hour

　　B. a four hour's

　　C. a four-hours

　　D. a four hours'

　　考点3 名词作定语

　　①The_________ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.

　　A. bicycle’s shop

　　B .bicycle shop

　　C. bicycles shop

　　D bicycles’ shop

　　②He dropped the _________and broke it.

　　A. cup of coffee

　　B. coffee's cup

　　C. cup for coffee

　　D. coffee cup

　　考点4 名词词义辨析

　　一是考查语主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。Most air pollution is caused by the burning of___

　　_ like coal, gas and oil.

　　A. fuels

　　B. articles

　　C. goods

　　D. products

　　2. The Palace Museum has a ____ of 96 million pieces of ancient Chinese art works．

　　A．collection

　　B．mixture

　　C．combination

　　D．series As a result of heavy snow，the highway has been closed up until further________.

　　A．news

　　B．knowledge

　　C．notice

　　D．message

　　The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly

　　.

　　A. atmosphere

　　B. state

　　C. situation

　　D. phenomenon

　　5. —Your grandfather is always full of

　　.What’s the secret?

　　—Playing Taiji every morning.

　　A．taste B．energy C．relief D．credit

　　6.At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。

　　A．approaches B．means C．methods D．ways

　　【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

　　搭配主要考查名词与动词的搭配名词与介词的搭配等。The young man made a ______to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.

　　A. prediction

　　B. promise

　　C. plan

　　D. contribution

　　②I bought a dress for only 2010 dollars in a sale; it was a real

　　.

　　A. exchange

　　B. bargain

　　C. trade

　　D. business

　　③It is no

　　arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.

　　A. use

　　B. help

　　C. time

　　D. way

　　④I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ________ to me.

　　A. meaning

　　B. importance

　　C. sense

　　D. significance

　　⑤Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ________ of little children.

　　A. hand 

　　B. reach

　　C. space 

　　D. distance 【答案】B

　　【解析】此处within one’s reach意为“伸手拿得到是语。易错的新版教材名词固定搭配

　　作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。

　　、______achievement，last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade．

　　A．In terms of

　　B．In case of

　　C．As a result of

　　D．In face of

　　、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。

　　A．date

　　B．shape

　　C．order

　　D．balanee

　　单词基本义的引申和拓展

　　近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。

　　To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses．

　　A．strengths

　　B．benefits

　　C．techniques

　　D．values

　　【答案】A。

　　1．考查语境分析最佳名词的选择即根据句子语境，比较四个选项的意思，并逐一代入句中空格处，能使句子意思通顺且合乎情理的选项即为最佳答案。In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.

　　A. signal

　　B. chance

　　C. mark

　　D. measure

　　2． 考查根据关键词推断名词的用法即根据句中一个或几个关键词的暗示，同时结合整个句子的语境，推断出最佳答案。The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.

　　A. girl’s; Tom’s

　　B. girls’; Toms’

　　C. girls’; Tom’s

　　D. girl’s; Toms’

　　3.考查名词在固定搭配中的正确使用即根据特定习语或短语的搭配习惯确定答案。I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .

　　A. tradition

　　B. convenience

　　C. habit

　　D. leisure【例】He and his wife are of the same_____;they both want their son to go to college.

　　A. soul

　　B.spirit

　　C.heart

　　D.mind

　　【例】 It is said that dogs will keep you——for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.

　　A. safety

　　B.company

　　C.house

　　D.friend

　　4.考查根据生活常识选择最佳名词

　　The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common____in many parts of the city.

　　A. look

　　B.sign

　　C.sight

　　D.appearance

　　【答案】C比较四个选项的意思：look意为“看”，sign意为“标志”，sight意为“视野”、“景象”，appearance意为“出现”、“露面”。根据常识可知，选sight最佳，句意为：在这个城市的许多地方都可以看到人们把衣服晒在街道上的景象。易混易误，深度总结◆典型陷阱题分析◆

　　1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.

　　A. a, tear

　　B. a piece of, tears

　　C. a, tears

　　D. a piece of, tear

　　2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.

　　A. cooker, typewriter

　　B. cook, typist

　　C. cooker, typist

　　D. cook, typewriter

　　【陷阱】误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook 用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type 用作动词，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。

　　【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。

　　3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”

　　A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics

　　C. crowded traffic

　　D. crowded traffics

　　4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.

　　A. cattle is

　　B. cattle are

　　C. cattles are

　　D. the cattles are

　　5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.

　　A. mean, mean

　　B. means, means

　　C. means, mean

　　D. mean, means

　　【陷阱】误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。

　　【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C，by all means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：

　　All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。

　　Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。

　　若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：

　　Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?

　　6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.

　　A. so kind a, friends

　　B. so a kind, friends

　　C. so kind a, friend

　　D. so a kind, friend

　　7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.

　　A. dozen of, dozen

　　B. dozens of, dozens

　　C. dozens of, dozen

　　D. dozens of, dozen of

　　【陷阱】误选 B。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：

　　(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项：

　　Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.

　　A. dozens of

　　B. dozens

　　C. dozen of

　　D. dozen [D]

　　(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：

　　I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。

　　She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。

　　下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。

　　(3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词 of不能省略。如：

　　several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔

　　注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。

　　(4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：

　　two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋

　　three dozen of them 它们中的

　　注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。

　　8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.

　　A. an idea

　　B. a mark

　　C. a sign

　　D. a word

　　9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.”

　　A. coffee, cups of teas

　　B. coffees, teas

　　C. cups of coffee, tea

　　D. cup of coffees, teas

　　【陷阱】误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。

　　【分析】选B。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样，“三杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。

　　10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

　　A. Walk

　　B. Walking

　　C. The walk

　　D. To walk

　　【历届高考】

　　【2012高考试题】

　　【2012山东卷】24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression

　　B. attention

　　C. satisfaction

　　D. impression

　　【2012福建卷】25.

　　一 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

　　一 Well, you know, English is my

　　. So it is my best choice.

　　A. strength B. talent C. ability D.' skill

　　【2012浙江卷】7. Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.

　　A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character

　　7.【考点定位】名词

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习（performance）会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。

　　【2012湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.

　　A. symptom

　　B. similarity

　　C. sample

　　D. shadow

　　【2012湖北卷】30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.

　　A. pattern

　　B. procedure

　　C. program

　　D. perspective

　　【2012江苏卷】21. — Can I help you with it?

　　— I appreciate your , but I can manage it myself.

　　A. advice B. question C. offer

　　D. idea

　　【2012江西卷】29．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future

　　.

　　A．purpose B．reference C．progress D．memory

　　【2012四川卷】15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of _____.

　　A. luck

　　B. value

　　C. time

　　D. fact

　　【2012全国II】19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city.

　　A. quantity

　　B. progress

　　C. production

　　D. demand

　　【2011高考试题】

　　（2011山东卷,34﹚There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.

　　A. tradition

　　B. balance

　　C. concern

　　D. relationship

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】考查名词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。

　　（2011江苏卷,32﹚We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.

　　A．in detail

　　B．in general

　　C．on purpose

　　D．on time

　　（2011江苏卷,27﹚Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____.

　　A．consequence

　　B．independence

　　C．competence

　　D．intelligence

　　（2011浙江卷,18﹚Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.

　　A. emotions

　　B. principles

　　C.

　　regulations

　　D. opinions

　　（2011福建卷,26﹚The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major

　　of global climate change.

　　A.result

　　B.cause

　　C.warning

　　D.reflection

　　（2011四川卷,13﹚Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s

　　.

　　A.touch

　　B.sight

　　C.reach

　　D.distance

　　（2011湖北卷,30﹚When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _________ younger men.

　　A. in terms of

　　B. in need of

　　C. in favor of

　　D. in praise of

　　（2011江西卷31﹚What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?

　　A.sympathy

　　B.theme

　　C.object

　　D.point

　　【答案】D

　　【考点定位】考查名词的辨义。

　　【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。

　　（2010安徽﹚I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______

　　A. hearing

　　B strength

　　C. recognition

　　D. measure

　　（2010江西﹚Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.

　　A average

　　B number

　　C amount

　　D quantity

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】考查名词。

　　【解析】a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。

　　（2010山东﹚Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.

　　A. relief

　　B. safety

　　C. defense

　　D. shelter

　　（2010天津﹚James took the magazines off the little table to make

　　for the television.

　　A. room

　　B. area

　　C. field

　　D. position

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】考查名词意义和用法。

　　【解析】句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为……让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。

　　（2010江苏﹚The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.

　　A. expectation

　　B. reputation

　　C. contribution

　　D. civilization

　　（2010湖北﹚This restaurant has become popular for its wide

　　of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.

　　A. division

　　B. area

　　C. range

　　D. circle

　　〖﹚After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide

　　for the homeless families.

　　A. accommodation

　　B. occupation

　　C. equipment

　　D. furniture.

　　（2010浙江﹚The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.

　　A. solution

　　B. target

　　C. measure

　　D. function

　　（2009安徽﹚China has got a good

　　for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.

　　A. reputation

　　B. influence

　　C. impression

　　D. knowledge

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】reputation名声；influence 影响；impression印象； knowledge知识。

　　（2009福建﹚The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any

　　when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.

　　A. delay

　　B. effort

　　C. schedule

　　D. consideration

　　（2009湖北﹚Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.

　　A. respect

　　B. friendship

　　C. reputation

　　D. character

　　（2009湖北﹚In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.

　　A. signal

　　B. chance

　　C. mark

　　D. measure

　　（2009江西﹚The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.

　　A. girl’s; Tom’s

　　B. girls’; Toms’

　　C. girls’; Tom’s

　　D. girl’s; Toms’ K5u

　　【答案】C

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词所有格。

　　【解析】名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。

　　（2009天津﹚I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .

　　A. tradition

　　B. convenience

　　C. habit

　　D. leisure

　　【答案】C

　　【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析

　　【解析】句意：我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。Tradition传统，常规；convenience 方便；habit习惯；leisure闲暇。

　　（2009浙江﹚The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.

　　A. access

　　B. passage

　　C. way

　　D. approach

　　（2008安徽﹚To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________”

　　A. Sky

　　B. Life

　　C. Arts

　　D. Voices

　　【答案】D

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用voices, 而不用其他选项。

　　（2008福建﹚What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?

　　A. sense

　　B. matter

　　C. case

　　D. opinion

　　（2008江苏﹚—I can’t repair these until tomorrow, I’m afraid.

　　—That’s OK, there’s ______.

　　A. no problem

　　B. no wonder

　　C. no doubt

　　D. no hurry

　　（2008江苏﹚—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

　　—Because the old one has been damaged ______.

　　A. beyond reach

　　B. beyond repair

　　C. beyond control

　　D. beyond description

　　（2008山东﹚I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ______.

　　A. exchange

　　B. bargain

　　C. trade

　　D. business

　　【答案】B

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】bargain用作名词时, 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain意为 “真便宜”。

　　（2008江西﹚---Shall we go out for a walk?

　　--- Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.

　　A. moment

　　B. situation

　　C. place

　　D. chance

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】句意为：——我们出去散散步好吗？——对不起, 这不是邀请我的合适的时间, 我太累了而不想去散步。A项 “某一时刻, 片刻”；B项 “情形, 状况”；C项 “地方”；D项 “机会”。

　　（2008浙江﹚Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.

　　A. sense

　　B. view

　　C. means

　　D. idea

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏, 经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。

　　（2008湖北﹚The young man made a ______  to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.

　　  A.prediction      B.promise           C.plan              D.contribution

　　（2008湖北﹚The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______

　　A. atmosphere

　　B. state

　　C. situation

　　D. phenomenon

　　（2008天津﹚Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.

　　A. fuels

　　B. articles

　　C. goods

　　D. products

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】coal, gas and oil均为 “燃料(fuels)”。

　　（2007湖北﹚Despite such a big difference in ______ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.

　　A. point

　　B. idea

　　C. attitude

　　D. sight

　　（2007上海﹚My morning _____ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.

　　A. drill

　　B. action

　　C. regulation

　　D. routine

　　【答案】D

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】drill操练;action行为;regulation规则, 条例;routine惯例, 常规。由句意可知D项正确。

　　（2007安徽﹚The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ____ in many parts of the city.

　　A. look

　　B. sign

　　C. sight

　　D. appearance

　　（2007天津﹚One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________.

　　A. bills

　　B. expenses

　　C. prices

　　D. charges

　　（2007陕西﹚He and his wife are of the same        ;they both want their son to go to college.

　　A.soul            B.spirit          C.heart             D.mind

　　（2007福建﹚—You are always full of        .Can you tell me the secret?

　　—Taking plenty of exercise every day.

　　A.power           B.strength          C.force             D.energy

　　（2007浙江﹚Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ______ for a wedding in some countries.

　　A. way

　　B. situation

　　C. event

　　D. choice

　　（2007山东﹚I can’t say which wine is best – it’s a(n) _____ of personal taste.

　　A. affair

　　B. event

　　C. matter

　　D. variety

　　（2007辽宁﹚Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _____ of exercise.

　　A. limit

　　B. lack

　　C. need

　　D. demand

　　（2006全国Ⅱ﹚It is no   

　　     arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.

　　 A. use       B. help          C.time           D.way

　　（2006浙江﹚—If you like I can do some shopping for you.

　　   — That’ s a very kind _______.

　　   A. offer         B. service             C. point             D. suggestion

　　（2006福建﹚Always read the________on the bottle carefully and take the right amout of medieine. A.explanstions                 B.instructions

　　C.descriptions             D.introductions

　　【答案】B

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】nstruction意为 “说明, 须知”, 在正式场合, 指不可违背的命令, 在一般场合, 指知识性的指示或意见, 与direction相比, 语气较轻, 较委婉, 常用作复数形式。explanation意为 “解释, 注释；说明”, 指通过实例进行解释说明。description意为 “描写”, 指通过生动的语言描述某件事或某个情节。introduction意为 “引导；传入, 介绍”, 指对某种新产品进行介绍。

　　（2006湖北﹚To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.

　　    A. strengths       B. benefits         C. techniques      D. values

　　【答案】A

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】strength意为 “力, 力量, 体力”, 常指人体或物体内存在的力, 如气力、耐力、抵抗力, 有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力。根据句意可判断出为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好成绩, 教练首先要了解队员的体力和薄弱的地方。benefit意为 “利益, 好处；利润”。technique意为 “技术”。value意为 “价值”。

　　（2006湖北﹚The ______on his face told me that he was angry.

　　A. impression     B. sight    C. appearance      D. expression

　　（2006湖北﹚At the meeting they discussed three different  ______to the study of mathematics.

　　A. approaches      B. means         C. methods        D. ways

　　（2006广东﹚You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of           .

　　A. date           B. shape                C. order               D. balance

　　（2006江西﹚It is said that dogs will keep you            for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.

　　A. safety    B. company    C. house    D. friend

　　【答案】B

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】本题的意思 “据说在你孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身边”, keep you company是 “如影随形”的意思。

　　（2006陕西﹚My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was_________it.

　　A.in favour of                 B.in memory of

　　C.in honour of                 D.in search of

　　（2006上海春﹚Put the ______ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.

　　A. tip                    B. top                          C. peak                        D. pole

　　（2005天津﹚Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.

　　  A. ability       B. force        C. strength       D. mind

　　【答案】C

　　【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。

　　【解析】build up one’s strength使自己强壮。

　　（2005上海﹚He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.

　　A. temper               B. appearance            C. talent                    D. character

　　（2005辽宁﹚The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country.

　　   A. companies            B. branches                   C. organizations       D. businesses

　　（2005浙江﹚I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good_______ of direction.

　　A. idea        B. feeling      C. experience     D. sense

　　（2005安徽﹚My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.

　　A. idea                B. opinion          C. mind               D. thought

　　（2005上海春﹚Do you have any ______ of what life would be like if we lived on ot