江西省信丰中学高三英语复习：让书面表达靓起来（讲义）

　　一、适当运用高级词汇

　　在写作中“较高级词汇”的使用主要是指使用《大纲》上没有的词语、使用通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。在造句时,“较高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一个，也会使你的作文显示出与众不同。

　　1.我对英语非常感兴趣。

　　I’m very interested in English.I’m _____ interested in English

　　2. 我们的校园位于市中心。

　　Our school is in the center of the city. Our school _____ in the center of the city

　　3.放学后，我们有很多作业要做。

　　After school, we have a lot of homework to do.After school, we have ____ homework to do.

　　4.我们可以得到社会及工作经验。

　　We can get some working and social experience We can _____ some working as well as social experience

　　5． 洗澡间和厨房都很好。

　　The bathroom and the kitchen are good.The bathroom and the kitchen are _______.

　　6. 大部分学生认为应当学好英语。

　　Most of the students think it is necessary to study English

　　The majority of the students _________ it is necessary to master English.

　　※请记住以下高级词组：

　　1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

　　2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

　　3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

　　4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

　　5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

　　6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

　　7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

　　8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

　　9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

　　10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

　　11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

　　12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

　　13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

　　14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

　　15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

　　16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

　　17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

　　18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …

　　19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

　　20.…也不例外 …be no exception

　　1.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

　　22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

　　23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

　　24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

　　25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

　　26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

　　27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

　　28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

　　29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

　　30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

　　31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

　　32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

　　33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

　　34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

　　35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

　　36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

　　37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

　　39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

　　40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

　　41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

　　42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

　　43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

　　44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

　　45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)

　　46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

　　47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

　　48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly

　　49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

　　50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

　　51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

　　52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion

　　53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

　　54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

　　55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice

　　56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

　　57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

　　58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

　　59.长远利益. interest in the long run

　　60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

　　61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

　　62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

　　64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

　　65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latestdevelopment of …

　　66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth

　　67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …

　　68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。No garden without weeds。

　　69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

　　70.重视 attach great importance to…

　　71.社会地位 social status

　　72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

　　73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

　　74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

　　75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

　　76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

　　77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

　　78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

　　79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

　　80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

　　81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

　　82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

　　83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

　　84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

　　85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

　　86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

　　87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

　　88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

　　二、简单句的高级形式

　　简单句其实也可以不简单若将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙地合并在一起,可以表使句子变得更精彩。

　　1. 同位语

　　I want to have a pen friend, hopefully and with interests similar to mine. 我想有一个笔友, 希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相投的女孩子。2. 形容词短语

　　, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. 出生于美国的托马斯·爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和发明家。3. 不定式短语

　　, we need to do sports. 为了学习好, 我们需要做体育运动。4. 现在分词短语In this picture, a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree,______________. 在这幅图中, 一个鸟妈妈呆在一棵大树的鸟巢里, 观看她的鸟仔飞走。5. 过去分词短语

　　, mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient. 与信件和公用电话相比, 手机和网络更快也更方便。6. 介词短语

　　, he encourages us to think by ourselves. 他鼓励我们独立思考, 而不是马上告诉我们答案。即时练习按括号中的提示翻译下列句子。

　　1. 我是李华, 四川的一个学生。(同位语)I’m Li Hua, _________________________________.

　　. 合并句子:

　　⑴ The moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　⑵ The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.(现在分词短语)

　　_______________________________________________________________________________

　　. 合并句子：

　　⑴ He was well known for his expert advice.

　　⑵ He was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.(过去分词短语)

　　______________________________________________________________________________

　　、简单句合并成复合句

　　1.有时为了使句子的连贯性更强, 表达也更为贴切、自然, 我们在两个或者多个简单句之间加上and, but, or(或者, 否则), for (因为), while(而, 却), when(就在这个时候), not only ...but also等并列连词, 使其成为并列句。

　　⑴ Our outdoor activity will last three hours. We’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.

　　→Our outdoor activity will last three hours ______ we’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.

　　⑵ You must hurry. You’ll miss the plane. →You must hurry _____ you’ll miss the plane.

　　⑶ Honey is sweet. The bee stings. →Honey is sweet _____ the bee stings.

　　2. 在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when, after, as, because, where, which, who等从属连词, 可以使简单句变成复合句。如：

　　⑴ We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改为含定语从句的复合句)

　　→We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club______we can not only practise but also learn more English.

　　⑵ He missed the first bus. He came to school late.(改为含状语从句的复合句)

　　→_______ he missed the first bus, he came to school late.→He missed the first bus, _____ he came to school late.

　　【即时练习

　　将下列各组句子合并成并列复合句或主从复合句。

　　1. He was tired. He went to bed. He was tired, _____ he went to bed.

　　2. Our teacher must be at home. The door is open.

　　=Our teacher must be at home, _____ the door is open.

　　3. ⑴ A satellite is an object. ⑵ A satellite travels in an orbit round another object in space.

　　⑶ A satellite is either natural or man-made.

　　=A satellite is an object, either natural or man-made, ______ travels in an orbit round another object in space.

　　4. ⑴ We high school students do have some growing pains.

　　⑵ We can get rid of them correctly and wisely.

　　=We high school students do have some growing pains, _____ we can get rid of them correctly and wisely.

　　5. ⑴ There was once a famous detective. ⑵ He was named Sherlock Holmes. ⑶ He lived in London.

　　⑷ The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.

　　=_____________________________________________________________________________

　　6. ⑴ The other day we had an English speech contest.⑵ I won the first prize in the contest.

　　=_____________________________________________________________________________

　　7. ⑴ Students can improve their writing ability in this way.

　　⑵ They can strengthen their self-confidence.

　　=____________________________________________________________________________

　　四、使用高级结构

　　1. 使用强调句。

　　用do, does, did强调一般时态的谓语动词; 用it is ...that ...强调谓语之外的各种句子成分。

　　her father recognized her. 直到她摘下眼镜她父亲才认出她。

　　2. 使用倒装句。

　　learn English well. 只有用这种方法我们才可以学好英语。

　　3. 使用with的复合结构。如：

　　, I couldn’t go on studying. 由于那噪音的持续, 我无法继续学习。

　　4. 使用非谓语动词。

　　at the southwest corner of our school, the botanical garden has an area of 1000 square metres. 校园西南角/面积1000平方米。

　　5. 恰当使用被动句。

　　Above all, something to stop polluting. 最重要的是, 必须釆取某些措施来阻止污染。

　　6. 使用各类从句, 如使用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。There’re many kinds of tea in China,

　　Longjing Tea is famous all over the world.

　　7. “数词+名词”改用“as many as+数词+名词”。

　　A great number of buildings were destroyed, leaving

　　10, 000, 000 people homeless.

　　8. 使用what引导的主语从句。

　　was to find she was such a fine swimmer. 使我大为吃惊的是, 我发现她竟是一位优秀的游泳选手。

　　9. 适当使用插入语。

　　如I guess, I think， I believe, however, in a way，in my opinion, in other words, in brief, that is to say, generally speaking, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, to be honest, as we know, what’s worse等。

　　. 独立主格：将主从句去掉连词，前句动词变为分词即可。

　　The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. 

　　1. 感叹句：凡是“I feel ……”之类表达感情的句子皆可如此改造。

　　How terrible I felt today! I failed again in the math exam.

　　1．虚拟语气

　　The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.

　　the efforts of the captain, the ship __________ with all on board.

　　【即时练习使用上述润色技巧, 合并或改写下列句子。

　　1. I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high school.(强调句)

　　2. We can live a happy life only by this means.(倒装)

　　3. He fell asleep. The lights were still on. (with结构)

　　4. When I heard that, I was much moved.(非谓语动词)

　　5. They carried out a survey among 260 students.(被动语态)

　　6. They were faced with many problems. They didn’t lose heart.(非谓语动词)

　　7. It was getting dark. And it began to rain.(插入语)

　　8. He worked very hard. He made great progress in his study.(改为复合句)

　　9. He offered me a piece of advice that I should cheer up and start all over again. (what引导的主语从句)

　　10. I got on a bus. There were already too many people on it.(定语从句)11. 50% of the students surveyed choose super stars as their idols.(强调数字) 12._____________________________________________(直到19世纪末……才) shooting earned its status as a sport.

　　13.We should be thankful to our parents ______________________________________(因为是他们把我们带到这个世界).

　　14.Everyone knows that we are busy all day. Seldom _______________________ ________________________________(我们知道国内外正在发生什么).

　　. ______________________(只因为他有病了)did he not come to school. 16.For the two reasons mentioned above, ____________________(……就不足为奇了)I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition. （it句型）

　　1.As we haven’ t mastered enough English words, sometimes we may ________________(觉得困难) to follow the teacher. （it）、套用经典句型

　　一以形式主语it引导的句型。

　　1.. It happened that he was away when I got there. ＝He happened to be away when I got there.

　　= It chanced that he was away when I got there = He was away by chance when I got there.

　　2.. It seemed that he had been to France before.

　　＝He seemed to have been France before.

　　3. It is / was＋被强调的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分.

　　e.g. It wasn’t until he came back that I went to bed.

　　(一定要注意被强调句型谓语动词否定的转移及形式)。

　　　 It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school today.

　　（只能用because而不能用for, as 或since）

　　　 It is I who am a student.（句中am不能用are来代替。）

　　4、It is high time (time/ about time) (that) 主语＋should do / did+其它。e.g. It is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。

　　5、It is / was said ( reported…)＋that+从句.

　　e.g. It was said that he had read this novel.＝He was said to have read this novel.

　　6、It is impossible / necessary/ strange/natural/important…that clause.

　　(从句中的谓语用should＋do / should have done，其形式是虚拟语气。)

　　e.g. It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪，他这次考试没有及格。

　　7、It is + a pity/ a shame…that clause.

　　(注意从句中的谓语动词用should do或should have done的形式，但should可以省略。)

　　e.g. He didn’t come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film.

　　8、It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /…that +clause.

　　(从句的谓语动词用should do, 但should可以省略。)

　　e.g. It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议推迟会议。

　　9、It is/was＋表示地点的名词＋where+从句。

　　（注意本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句。）

　　e.g. It was this house where I was born.

　　请比较：It was in this house that I was born. (后一句是强调句型。)

　　10、It is / was +表示时间的名词＋when+从句。

　　（注意本句型也不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句。）

　　e.g. It was 1999 when he came back from the United States.

　　请比较：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.

　　11、It is well-known that＋从句。

　　e.g. It is well-known that she is a learned woman. 众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女。

　　12、It is +段时间＋since+主语＋did.

　　It was +段时间＋since+主语＋had done.

　　e.g. It is five years since he left here.他已经离开这儿五年了。

　　It was five years since he left here.（同上）

　　13、It +谓语＋段时间＋before+主语＋谓语.（ before引导的是时间状语从句。）　

　　It wasn’t long before the people in that country rose up.没有多久那国家的人民就起义了。

　　It will be three hours before he comes back.三个小时之后他才能回来。

　　14、It is +形容词＋for+ sb.+ to do.

　　It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.

　　15、It is +（心理品质方面的）形容词＋of + sb. + to do.

　　= 主语+ be +形容词＋to do.(常用的形容词有：kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等。)

　　It is kind of you to help me.＝You are kind to help me.

　　二定语从句：

　　1、由as引导的非限定性的定语从句。

　　As we have known, he is a most good student. （定语从句）

　　It is well-known that he is a most good student. （主语从句）

　　2、由which引导的非限定性的定语从句。

　　He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming.

　　（因为先行词professor是表示职业的名词，因此引导词用which，而不用who）

　　3、由where, when引导的定语从句（其中包括限定性的或非限定性的。）

　　This is the house where I used to come.

　　This is the house which / that I used to come to. (比较)

　　This is the day when I joined the Party.

　　This is the day which / that I joined the Party on.（比较）

　　三让步状语从句

　　No matter what / which / who / where / when / whose＋从句，＋主句。注意从句中的时态一般情况用一般现在时态。

　　No matter what you do, you must do it well.

　　-----Whatever you do, you must do it well.

　　No matter where you go, please let me know.

　　-----Wherever you go, please let me know.

　　说明：这两种句型形式不同，而意义完全相同。

　　注意：I will tell whoever would like to read it. 句中的whoever不能用whomever来代替。因为它即作动词tell的宾语，又作后面从句的主语。

　　四条件状语从句

　　1、When / So long as / As long as / Once +从句，＋主句。（从句也可以放在主句之后。）

　　As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。

　　Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well.

　　2、主句＋on condition that+从句。

　　I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.

　　3、主句＋unless+从句.(注意：由于unless本身是否定词，所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定。)

　　I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.

　　4、祈使句，＋and/ and then+主句。（注意：祈使句也可用一个名词短语。）

　　Use your head, and you will find a good idea.动脑筋想一想，你就会想出一个好主意。

　　Another word, and I will beat you.你再说一句，我就揍你。

　　5、If +necessary / impossible/ important等，＋主句。

　　If necessary, I will do it.

　　五原因状语从句

　　1、主句＋in case+从句。（in case表示以免）I will take my raincoat in case it rains.

　　2、主句＋due to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +从句。

　　He did not come to school because of the fact that he was ill.

　　六时间状语从句

　　1、When / While / As +从句，＋主句。（关于它们之间的区别请看语法。）

　　　 When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.

　　2、主句＋after / before +从句.　

　　　They hadn’t been married four months before they were devoiced.

　　他们结婚不到四个月就离婚了。

　　　We went home after we had finished the work.我们做完此工作就回家了。

　　3、主语＋肯定谓语＋until＋从句（或时间）.

　　主语＋否定谓语＋until+从句。

　　I worked until he came back.

　　I didn’t worked until he came back.

　　4、As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +从句＋主句.

　　My father went out immediately I got home.我一到家，我父亲就出去了。

　　5、No sooner +had + 主语＋done…than +主语＋did.

　　主语＋had + no sooner +done…than +主语＋did.

　　No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.我一到北京就给你打电话了。

　　I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you.

　　Hardly had she had supper when she went out. 她一吃完晚饭就出去了。

　　She had hardly had supper when she went out.

　　、By the time+从句，＋主句.（注意时态的变化。）

　　By the time you came back, I had finished this book.

　　By the time you come back, I will have finished this book.

　　、each / every time +从句，＋主句. (这时相当于whenever 或no matter when引导的从句。从句也可放在主句之后。)

　　Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me.

　　七地点状语从句

　　1、Where +从句，＋主句.

　　Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.

　　2、Anywhere / wherever+从句，＋主句.

　　Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.

　　I will go wherever you suggest.

　　八目的状语从句

　　1、主句＋in order that / so that +从句.

　　I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。

　　2、主句＋for + sb. +to do.（注意动词不定式复合结构在这儿作目的状语。）

　　He came here for me to work out this problem.

　　九结果状语从句

　　1、主句＋so that+从句.

　　It was very cold, so that the river froze.

　　2、So+形容词/ 副词＋特定动词＋主语＋…＋that+从句.

　　So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.

　　3、主语＋谓语＋such+名词＋that+从句.

　　He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.

　　4、Such was + 主语＋that +从句.(这是个完全倒装句。)如：

　　Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.

　　十比较状语从句

　　1、The sooner you do it, the better it will be.

　　2、He is as busy as a bee.3、He is the taller of the two.4、This room is three times as large as that one.5、This city is twice larger than ours.

　　　The early rice output in that commune was 200% more than that of 2000.

　　6、Our building is twice the height of yours.

　　十一其它句型

　　1、It doesn’t matter wh-+从句。

　　It doesn’t matter to me what you will do tomorrow.

　　It doesn’t matter whether you will come or not.

　　2、形容词/ 副词 / 名词（可数单数）+as / though +主语＋谓语，＋主句.

　　　Young as he is, he knows a lot.

　　Hard he works, I am sure that he can’t pass this exam.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　3、Were / Should / Had +主语＋谓语，＋主句.

　　Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday.。

　　4、 Only +状语＋特定动词＋主语＋谓语…

　　Only by this means can I do this work well.

　　5、Not only +特定动词＋主语＋谓语…but also+主语＋谓语…

　　Not only did he learn English well but also he spoke French very well.

　　6、whether….or…, neither…nor…, either…or…

　　7. Nothing is +-er than to do没有比……更重要的了

　　Nothing is more important than to receive education.

　　8. There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……

　　There is no doubt that honesty still plays a very important role in public morality. 9. There is no one but ...没有人不……

　　There is no one but longs to go to college.10. due to/owing to/thanks to ...因为……

　　Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

　　综合训练1. To his surprise, the little girl knows so much about it. （使用名词性从句）2. Though he is young, he knows a lot.

　　3. He didn’t know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(强调句型)  

　　4. I passed the exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）5. She entered the room and many students followed her. (使用过去分词)6. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)7. I won’t believe what he says. （使用让步状语从句）8. If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句9．As soon as he arrived ,he began to work. (使用倒装句)10． If you work hard , you will make greater progress (使用the more… the more…的句型)