【外研英语，七省专用】2014《走向高考》英语一轮总复习（2016春出版）第一部分 教师讲义手册：选修七7-1

　　选修七　Module 1 　 Basketball

　　From its inception as a league in 1949, the National Basketball Association (NBA) had grown from a small league garnering little interests from the American public to a global juggernaut responsible for making basketball into the fastest growing sport in the world! The history of the NBA is filled with remarkable stories and captivating characters. Starting as a league featuring 8 teams to its current 30 teams. From the first superstar, center George Mikan of the Minneapolis Lakers, to its current star, Chinese center Yao Ming of the Houston Rockets.

　　Here at RingSurf NBA, we realize that true fans appreciate the history and evolution of the game in the world's greatest basketball league. That is why we are devoting a special segment documenting the History of the NBA, highlighting significant changes, moments, and players of the game. Our special segments trace the dynasties of the Minneapolis Lakers, Boston Celtics, and Chicago Bulls, as well as recording the significance of such great players and ambassadors of the game from George Mikan, Bill Russell,

　　Elgin Baylor, Wilt Chamberlain, Julius Erving, Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan, and Shaquille O'Neal.

　　1．教材原句：

　　The giant player joined the NBA's... and was an immediate success.

　　真题呈现

　　(全国卷) I'm sure that your letter will get________attention.They know you're waiting for the reply.

　　A．continued

　　　 B．immediate

　　C．careful

　　D．general

　　考题巧解　B　句意：我确信你的信立即就会受到注意，他们知道你在等待答复。

　　2．教材原句：

　　Which record do they both hold?

　　真题呈现

　　(江苏高考)—Is Peter there?

　　—________， please. I'll see if I can find him for you.

　　A．Hold upB．Hold onC．Hold outD．Hold off

　　考题巧解　B　hold up“阻碍，延误”；hold on“等一下，别挂断；坚持住”；hold out“维持，坚持”；hold off“阻止，挡住”。故选B项。

　　(Ⅰ)单词速记

　　A．联想记忆法

　　1．attend v．上(学)→attend ________sb. 伺候某人→attend ________处理；对付；照料

　　2．forward n．(球赛的)前锋；adv. 向前；进展；adj.前进的→________forward 提前

　　3．deserve v．应得；值得→deserve well ________sb. 应该受到某人好的待遇

　　4．adequate adj.适当的，足够的，充分的→be adequate ________对……是足够的

　　5．confirm v．(尤指通过提供更多证据)证实，进一步确定→confirm sb. ________ sth.批准某人做……

　　6．popularity n．流行；普及→be popular________ 受欢迎的

　　答案：1.on/upon；to　2.put　3.of　4.to/for　5.as/in　6.with

　　B．构词记忆法

　　1．valued adj.有价值的→________n．价值

　　2．commit v．犯(错误，罪行)；承诺，保证→________n．承诺；奉献；投入

　　3．immediate adj.立刻的，即刻的→________adv.立刻，马上

　　4．instant adj.立刻的→________adv.立刻，马上

　　5．appoint v．任命，委派→________n．约会；预约

　　6．apologise v．道歉，谢罪→________n．道歉

　　答案：1.value　2.commitment　3.immediately　4.instantly　5.appointment　6.apology

　　(Ⅱ)短语突破

　　1．________ possession of占有，拥有

　　be ________of 具有某种品质

　　2．________ the time一直

　　at ________ time一度，曾经

　　3．be rude ________对……粗鲁

　　be friendly ________对……友好

　　4．________ the history of 在……历史上

　　________ history 载入史册；青史留名；创造历史

　　5．be ________on 以……为基础，根据

　　be ________in 以……为背景

　　6．draw sb.'s attention ________引起某人注意(某事物)

　　________ one's attention 吸引某人的注意力

　　7．in one's ________ 性质上；本性；本质

　　________ nature本质上；事实上

　　8．if ________如果有必要的话

　　if ________如果有可能的话

　　答案：1.take；possessed　2.all；one　3.to；to　4.in；make　5.based；set　6.to；attract　7.nature；in　8.necessary；possible

　　(Ⅲ)句型总结

　　经典句型

　　1．He finished his first season as one of the top scorers in the league，________________________(平均每场比赛28.2分)

　　2．At one point，Chamberlain was_________________ _______(太好了以致于其他所有运动员)they changed the rules of the game to try to stop him!

　　3．______________________(一直到他退役时)，Wilt held many NBA records...

　　4．But ________________(毫无疑问)he deserves the title“outstanding player of his generation.”

　　5．To do this，he told Yao to be more aggressive and，______________(如果需要)，to be rude to his teammates.

　　6．Teachers at the school were shocked and angry but Webb Ellis's schoolmates enjoyed this new game，__________________(他们用学校的名字给它命名)．

　　答案：1.with an average of 28.2 points per game　2.so much better than all the other players that　3.By the time he retired　4.there is no doubt that　5.if necessary　6.which they named after the school

　　典句仿写

　　There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……

　　仿写：毫无疑问他是我最好的朋友。

　　_________________________________________________

　　答案：There is no doubt that he is my best friend.

　　(Ⅳ)教材设问

　　1．________ his famous number 23 shirt, Michael Jordan became the most successful basketball players in the history of the game.

　　A．Wearing

　　B．To wear

　　C．Worn

　　D．Having worn

　　2．He ________ the University of North Carolina for a year before leaving to ________ the Chicago Bulls.

　　A．attended; attended

　　B．attended; join

　　C．joined; attended

　　D．joined; join in

　　1．defend v. 防守，保护，防御；辩护

　　搭配

　　defend sb./sth. from... 保护某人/某物免遭……

　　defend sb./sth. against... 保卫某人/某物抵御……

　　defend oneself against... 对……为自己辩护

　　①Our soldiers are determined to defend the island against invasion.

　　我们的战士决心保卫这座岛屿不受侵犯。

　　②She defended_herself_against the charge.

　　她为自己辩护，驳斥对她的指责。

　　辨析：defend, guard, protect

　　1)defend指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭，也可指为某人或论点辩护。

　　2)guard指为了保证安全而站立守卫，含有警惕之意，意为“保卫；警卫；看守”。

　　3)protect指借助某种东西作为防御、保护工具，使人或物免受伤害。

　　①When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.

　　那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。

　　It's important to guard_against diseases.

　　预防疾病是很重要的。

　　They tried their best to protect the old temple.

　　他们尽了全力保护这座古庙。

　　链接：defence n. 防卫；防护

　　in defence of 保护……

　　defensive adj. 防御的；防卫的

　　defensive works 防御工事

　　defendant n. 被告

　　即学即用

　　用defend，guard，protect填空

　　To ________ herself from being bitten，she had to________ herself against the ________ dog.

　　2．attend v. 上(学)；出席，参加；照顾，护理

　　搭配

　　attend a meeting/lecture 出席会议/听演讲

　　attend a wedding/a funeral 参加婚礼/葬礼

　　attend school/church 上学/去教堂做礼拜

　　attend to sb./sth. 照顾、关照某人/某事物

　　attend on/upon 伺候；照料

　　①The school was attended almost entirely by local children.

　　在这所学校读书的几乎全是当地的孩子。

　　②Attend_to your work and stop talking.

　　专心工作，不要说话。

　　③He did not attend_the_meeting yesterday.

　　昨天他没有参加会议。

　　辨析：attend, join, take part in

　　attend 正式用词，一般用于指参加会议、出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学、听课、听演讲或讲座等。

　　join 作及物动词时用于加入某个组织(join a club加入俱乐部)，join sb.表示随同某人，与某人一起；作不及物动词时，可表示参加某种活动，后接介词in再加宾语(join in the game参加游戏)。

　　take part in 表示参加、参与，强调与他人共同参加某种活动并起作用。

　　图解助记

　　即学即用

　　用attend，join；join in，take part in填空

　　①His brother ________ the army two years ago.

　　②May I ________ your discussion?

　　③Many athletes will ________ the Asian Games in Jilin this year.

　　④I ________ a wedding yesterday.

　　答案：①joined　②join in　③take part in　④attended

　　3．deserve v．应得；值得

　　搭配

　　deserve sth.应得；应受……

　　deserve to do....

　　应该……；应得……

　　deserve doing sth.

　　……值得被做

　　①Congratulations on your success.You deserve it.

　　祝贺你成功了。你是得之无愧的。

　　②Those who don't work deserve_to_starve.

　　不劳动者该挨饿。

　　提示：deserve doing...＝deserve to be done，动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。后接动名词表示被动含义的还有：need，want(需要)，require，be worth等。

　　即学即用

　　句型转换

　　Your suggestion deserves_consideration.

　　＝Your suggestion deserves ________.

　　＝Yours suggestion deserves ________ ________ ________.

　　你的建议值得考虑。

　　4．valued adj. 有价值的

　　知识拓展

　　value n. 价值；估计；估价 vt. 估价；评价

　　value sth. at... 估价为

　　valuable adj. 贵重的；很有用的；很有价值的

　　提示：

　　valueless adj. 无价值的；无效果的；没有用的

　　invaluable adj. 无价的；非常宝贵的

　　priceless adj. 无价的

　　worthless adj. 无价值的

　　be of great value 很有价值的

　　注意：be of great value＝be valuable，类似的单词还有：help, importance等。

　　辨析：value, worth, expense, cost, price

　　1)value和worth指某物的实际价值。

　　2)cost指某一工作、商品所需花费的成本或代价。

　　3)price指某商品出售的价格。

　　4)expense指经费、开销。

　　①Your advice has been of_great_value.

　　你的建议很有价值。

　　②He didn't realize the true worth of our friendship.

　　他没有认识到我们友谊的真正价值。

　　③We travelled to France at our own expense.

　　我们自费去的法国旅游。

　　④The total cost to you is ￡ 3,000.

　　你总共要支付3000英镑。

　　⑤I'm only buying it if it's the right price.

　　只有价钱合理我才会买这东西。

　　即学即用

　　He thought the painting was of little________， so he let me have it for only ten pounds.

　　A．cost

　　B．value

　　C．price

　　D．expense

　　答案：B　be of little value意为：“没什么价值。”

　　5．dominate v. 支配；统治；控制；影响(人、事)等；在(某事物)中处于优势或占上风；占最重要地位

　　知识拓展

　　dominant adj. 统治的，支配的

　　domination n. 支配，控制

　　dominate over 控制；凌驾

　　①He has authority, but he doesn't try to dominate others.

　　他有权威，但并不想控制别人。

　　She dominated the meeting by sheer force of character.

　　她单凭个人气势就镇住了会场。

　　即学即用

　　Even as a child he showed a tendency to________over the other children.

　　A．dominateB．ruleC．governD．inspect

　　答案：A　dominate over“控制；凌驾”。意为：“尽管是个孩子，他就有控制他人的倾向。”

　　6．absorb v. 消减，缓冲；吸收；合并；完全吸引住(某人)的注意力或兴趣

　　知识拓展

　　absorbed adj. 精神集中的

　　absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的

　　absorption n. 吸收；全神贯注

　　be absorbed into 被……吞并；被……所吸收

　　be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于

　　①The equipment is used to absorb the shock.

　　这台设备是用来缓冲震动的。

　　I was so absorbed in this book that I did not hear you come in.

　　我太入神地看这本书，没听到你进来。

　　即学即用

　　He is________in building a dam in the brook.

　　A．devoted

　　B．absorbing

　　C．bury

　　D．absorbed

　　答案：D　be absorbed in“专心于……”。句意为：“他专心致志在小河里建一个堤坝。”

　　7．obtain v. 获得；得到

　　辨析：achieve, acquire, obtain, gain

　　1)achieve指达到既定目标或实现某种意愿，常与抽象名词victory, aim等连用。

　　2)acquire指经过一点点的积累而获得，如获得知识、技能等。

　　3)obtain指经过要求而得到，强调达到目的这一点。

　　4)gain指获得、赢得想要或所需的事物。

　　①Where can I obtain a copy of her latest book?

　　在哪里能买到她最新出版的书？

　　②acquire a good knowledge of English

　　学英语学得很好

　　③I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do.

　　我希望做到的，我仅完成了一半。

　　④His persistence gained him victory.

　　他因坚持不懈而获胜。

　　即学即用

　　Learning a foreign language is a question of learning new skills, of________new knowledge.

　　A．getting

　　B．achieving

　　C．obtaining

　　D．acquiring

　　答案：D　acquire指通过努力获得知识，符合题意。

　　8．appoint v. 任命；委派；约定

　　知识拓展

　　1)appoint...as...

　　任命……为……；指定……

　　appoint sb. (to be) 任命某人为……

　　appoint sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事

　　2)appointment n. 任命，委派；约会，约定

　　make an appointment with sb. 和某人有约

　　keep an appointment 赴约

　　by appointment 按事先约定的时间

　　①I was_appointed_as the manager of the company last night.

　　昨天晚上我被任命为公司经理。

　　He went there by_appointment.

　　他按约定的时间去了那里。

　　Our school appointed_him_to_deal_with A/H1N1 flu.

　　我们学校派他来处理甲型H1N1流感问题。

　　即学即用

　　She was ________ mayor of the city for what she had done for the public.

　　A．absorbed

　　B．appointed

　　C．appealed

　　D．applied

　　答案：B　此处appoint意为“任命”。句意为“她因为自己为公众所做的一切而被选为市长。”

　　9．commit vt. 犯(错误)；干(坏事)；把……交托给……；答应负责

　　知识拓展

　　commit a mistake(an error) 犯错误

　　commit murder 凶杀

　　commit a matter to a committee 把一件事提交委员会

　　commit sb. to do(to doing sth.) 责成某人做某事

　　commit oneself to sth. 献身于……

　　commit sth. to memory 记下来

　　commitment n. 提交；关押；承担义务

　　即学即用

　　Two years later he ________ suicide.

　　A．conducted

　　B．sweated

　　C．stooped

　　D．committed

　　答案：D　commit suicide意为“自杀”。

　　10．draw one's attention to 引起某人注意(某事物)

　　知识拓展

　　catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意

　　pay attention to 注意

　　attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意

　　bring sth. to one's attention 吸引某人注意某事

　　devote one's attention to 专心于

　　give one's attention to 注意……

　　stand at attention 立正

　　focus/center one's attention on 把注意力集中在……

　　with attention 注意地

　　by all attention 十分注意；全神贯注

　　即学即用

　　The boy didn't look up when I came near, his attention was________on the novel he was reading.

　　A．paid　

　　B．given

　　C．drawn　

　　D．fixed

　　答案：D　考查fix one's attention on sth.的被动语态。

　　11．name after 以……命名

　　知识拓展

　　name sb./sth. after sb. 给某人/某物取名；命名

　　by name 凭名字；用……的名字

　　of/by the name of 称做；叫做

　　call sb. names 骂某人

　　in the name of sb./sth. 代表某人/某物

　　make a name for oneself/make one's name 成名；出名

　　namely adv. 也就是……

　　under the name of 用……作名字(不用自己的真名)

　　即学即用

　　The bridge was named________the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.

　　A．after　B．with　C．by　D．from

　　答案：A　句意为：“这座桥以英雄的名字命名，他为了人民的事业而献出了自己的生命”，由句意可知选A。

　　12．take possession of 占有，占据，拥有

　　He takes_possession_of this piano.

　　他拥有这架钢琴。

　　We didn't take_possession_of the car until a few days after the auction.

　　直到拍卖之后几天，我们才拥有那辆轿车。

　　知识拓展

　　in possession of 拥有

　　in the possession of 为(某人)拥有

　　have possession of 拥有

　　get/gain possession of 拿到，占有，占领

　　come into one's possession 归某人所有

　　possession 表示“财产，所有物”时，常用复数形式。

　　possess vt. 占有，拥有

　　①The keys are in his possession.

　　这些钥匙是他的。

　　He lost all his possessions in the fire.

　　他在火灾中损失了所有的财产。

　　How did the painting come into your possession?

　　这幅画是如何归你所有的？

　　即学即用

　　Their products enjoy 30 percent ________ of the market in this country because both the quality and their service are fine.

　　A．features

　　B．share

　　C．possession

　　D．sales

　　答案：C　possession意为“占据，占有”。

　　13．It_was_not_until the 1920s that pompons began to play an important part in cheerleading.

　　直到20世纪20年代，彩线球才在拉拉队队员的表演中发挥重要作用。

　　It is/was not until...that...是含有not until的强调句型。

　　①It_was_not_until I had received his letter that I understood how anxious he was to see me.

　　直到收到他的信，我才明白他是多么渴望见到我。

　　It_was_not_until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

　　直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。

　　即学即用

　　It was

　　________ he came back from Africa that year

　　________ he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when

　　答案：C　考查强调及结构。

　　单元语法精讲精练

　　　构词法

　　英语构词法常见的三种：合成(compound words)、派生(derivation)和转化(conversion)。本模块主要是关于词类转化和派生词中的后缀。

　　1．词类转化

　　将一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性，转化后词义与未转化前有密切联系， 这种构词法叫转化。

　　2．派生词——后缀

　　派生是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个单词的构词法。

　　即学即用

　　True friends always stick with each other through______.

　　A．black and white

　　B．good and bad

　　C．thick and thin

　　D．young and old

　　答案：C　句意为：“真正的朋友永远坚持同甘共苦。”thick and thin意为“甘苦”。