【外研英语，七省专用】2014《走向高考》英语一轮总复习（2016春出版）第一部分 教师讲义手册：选修八写作进行时8

　　路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 人教版 · 高考一轮总复习（七省专用） 选修八

　　选修八　写作进行时(八)　开放式作文

　　传统的书面表达，是一种控制性写作，即通过要点提示、表格、图画等限定内容、人称、时态、字数、文体等。

　　自由发挥的空间不大，在一定程度上局限了学生思维、想象等能力发挥的空间。开放式作文则不同，它往往给学生一定的素材或主题，让学生在此基础上自由发挥，自由创作，不受“文体形式，内容要点”的限制，甚至不受短文词数的限定。这种“开放作文”难度更大，要求也更高。因为它只给出文章的主题(topic)，具体内容完全由学生来发挥。它不但

　　考查学生的英语语言运用能力，同时也考查学生的认识水平、思想方法等综合素质，而且对学生的想象能力、发散思维能力、归纳判断能力和思辨能力提出了更高的要求。

　　开放式作文常考文体有两种，一为记叙文，一为论说文。记叙文常给出学生一段材料，然后要求学生充分发挥想象，拓展原材料内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向延伸，给故事添加开头、结尾及中间过程。论说文要求学生根据所提供的材料，谈谈自己的观点和看法。考生要灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析，辩证思考，归纳要点，提炼观点，力求论点合理，论据充分，论证周密。

　　开放式作文的写作要注意以下几个问题：

　　1．立意选材

　　传统的“书面表达”题，要求书写的内容都由试题所决定，无需考生自己编拟。而“开放作文”需考生根据试题所提示的要求立意，确定文章的中心思想。立意与选材是互为联系的两方面。立意决定选材，选材服从立意。作为习作或是考试，立意首先决定于试题的要求。立意的基础是审题，要认真读题，确实掌握命题要求。所以这类作文既有开放性，又有所限制。

　　2.谋篇布局

　　确定了文章的主题思想，选定相应的材料之后，就应考虑如何安排这些材料，要做到脉络清楚，有条不紊。最好拟个提纲，明确前后主次，切忌心中无数，边想边写，以至颠三倒四，杂乱无章。

　　3.遣词造句

　　在遣词造句上，切忌一面用汉语思考，一面“翻译”为英语。这样，很容易写成“中国式英语”。应该尽可能运用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句型、句式来表达思想。不要使用自己不熟悉、没有把握的词语和语法现象，但也不能“因噎废食”，过分小心，为了保险不敢充分发挥自己的所长。

　　典题示例

　　(2011·安徽)

　　某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。

　　注意：

　　1．词数100左右；

　　2．短文中不能出现本人相关信息。

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　　参考范文：

　　My Approach to Difficulties in Learning

　　As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.Everyone has their own way to deal with them.Here I would like to share mine.

　　When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials on Web pages.In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.

　　However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.Sometimes I also ask my parents for advice.As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.

　　露一小手

　　(1)

　　(2011·北京)

　　请根据下面提示，写一篇短文，词数不少于50。

　　In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.

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　　参考范文：

　　In the picture, there stands a tree full of fruit on one side of the stream. Across the stream, a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached to a pole. Not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit.

　　The message conveyed in the picture is clear. In pursuing a dream, we might focus on only one way of making it come true, forgetting that there may be alternatives. As indicated in the picture, if the man is willing to look for other possibilities, he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal. All he has to do is to turn around, cross the bridge and walk to the tree.

　　(2)

　　(2011·陕西)

　　某英文报社正在举办有关“英雄”问题的讨论，请你根据以下提示写一篇词数在120左右的文章，以便寄到该报社参加讨论。

　　1．英语(见义勇为的人)具有什么样的品质？

　　2．为什么现在英雄越来越少？如果让你选择，你愿意做英语还是普通人？

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　　参考范文：

　　Society Calls for Heroes

　　In my opinion，it is not easy to be a hero.First，a hero must be brave.When he sees someone do a bad deed，he must be brave enough to catch him or to stop him.Secondly，he must be strong enough；otherwise instead of catching the criminal，he himself will be beaten to death.There are fewer heroes now for several reasons.I think the most important reason is that people don't want to mind other people's

　　business because they think it will do them no good.But I think it will do them good.I think society calls for heroes.Fighting against crimes is not just the job of the police.It's the duty of every citizen.

　　(3)

　　(2010·江西)

　　英语中“please”，“thank you”，“sorry”等礼貌用语具有增进友谊、改善关系、化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被称为“magic words”。请用“Magic Power of Polite Words”为题写一篇100词左右的英语作文。体裁不限(叙述文、议论文、说明文……)。

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　　参考范文：

　　Magic Power of Polite Words

　　Having good manners is seen by many people as a sign of cultural understanding and good taste. Polite words are one of the examples.When meeting people，saying“Hello”or“How are you” and so on means you are very polite, which will make it easy for you to communicate with others，which is the result of magic power of being polite.Otherwise，other people will hate getting on with you and your life will become

　　difficult.Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.

　　In a word，it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.

　　(4)

　　(2010·湖北)

　　请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。

　　The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.

　　注意：

　　1．无须写标题；

　　2．内容只需涉及一个方面；

　　3．词数为100左右。

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　　参考范文：

　　I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago, when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class. The teacher spoke English throughout the class, which was totally different from the lessons I had taken before.

　　In the morning class the next day, the English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students. After listening to me for a while, she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much. The smile shone on the whole day and the following days. A week later, I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.

　　Thanks to the comforting smile in my first morning class，I began to be confident.