天津市武清区杨村第四中学2016届高考英语一轮复习语法专题一《强调句式》课件外研版

　　2.形容词变名词： -ness -ity -ism

　　happiness, carelessness ability, possibility

　　Marxism, criticism 3. 名词、形容词变动词： -ify -ize -en beautify, simplify realize quicken, widen, sharpen 4.名词变形容词： -y -ish -some -ous -ful -less -ly windy, rainy, sandy, lucky, salty, funny foolish, feverish, selfish , childish handsome, troublesome, awesome dangerous, humorous, serious helpful, careful, peaceful，useful careless, useless, hopeless, homeless friendly, lively, lonely, weekly, motherly 合成词 Compounding ： 复合词通常由两个或两个以上的词构成 handbook, snowfall, bookstore dark-red, world-famous, light-blue,

　　sight-see, outline moreover n. adj. v. adv. 转化词(Conversion) 本册出现了名词转化为动词的用法,使得动词更丰富,更形象,更生动. 1.常用的转化为动词的名词有： head, eye, name, book, dress, diet, mail, face, work, answer, nurse 2.有些动词可以转化为名词： love, doubt, laugh, work, help, look, watch, record, stop, break, guess, change, ship,train 本模块的重点是n.

　　v.，主要有以下几种转化形式： 1.人体部位活用为动词：head, finger, hand, face 2.某些物质名词活用为动词：water, snow, flower, waste 3.对某些人的称谓用做动词: nurse, host, guide, mother 4.一些表示心态的抽象名词用做动词：interest, disappoint, surprise 名词和动词转化时应注意： 1.有时不改变意思，有时相应地变化

　　picture

　　n. 画，照片，

　　v. 用图表示、描述 2.有时形式不变，但读音有变

　　house

　　vt. /hauz/

　　use

　　vt./ju:z/ 但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义： Kingdom: “职位、状态”

　　Boyhood: “身份，资格” Friendship: “情态、状态、性质、

　　身份、职业、技巧、技能” Spoonful：构成名词 freedom childhood leadership, hardship mouthfulhandful 语法复习专题一

　　强调句

　　解读考纲： 1. 掌握不同类型的强调； 2. 区分it iswas……that强调句与其它句型 1.利用词语进行强调

　　1)用助动词“do（does／did）＋动词原形”来表示强调。He does know the place well． Do write to me when you get there． 2)用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。 That’s the very textbook we used last term． 这正是我们上学期用过的教材。 You are the only person here who can speak Chinese． Not a single person has been in the shop this morning． 今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。 How dare you buy such expensive jewels？ 你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？ 3) 用ever，never，very，right, just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有-ly的副词来进行强调。

　　Why ever did you do so？ 你究竟为什么要这么做？ He never said a word the whole day． You’ve got to be very，very careful． This is just what I wanted．这正是我所要的。 He was badly wounded．他伤得很严重。 I really don’t know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。 3）使用强调句型进行强调

　　强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分 It was on Monday night that all this happened． 所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。

　　The old man spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.

　　→It is the old man that/who spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.

　　→It is a whole morning that the old man spent repairing that bicycle. 陈述句：

　　It is/ was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。 e.g. He met Li Ping yesterday.

　　一般疑问句： 只需把is/ was提到it前面, Is/ was it+ …+ that/ who? e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

　　特殊疑问句： 被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born? 如何判断强调句：

　　1. It is/ was + …+ that/ who…中it本身没有词义，只用that, who并且不可省略； 2.

　　be的时态只用两种， is/ was, 必须与原句保持一致，原句是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。 3. It is/ was + …+ that/ who…同时去掉原句不缺成分，依旧完整 It was yesterday that I saw him off at the airport.

　　It is I thatwho am your English teacher.

　　1. 对比：

　　It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 将句中的It is/ was + …+ that/ who同时去掉，句子依旧成立 2. 对比： It was the English book that I bought yesterday. It is an English book (which that) I bought yesterday.

　　强调句的be必须与that后的时态一致，引导词只用that 和who,

　　主语从句 定语从句 3. 对比： It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 强调句的it不作任何成分，无实际意义，只起强调作用

　　结果状语从句 三. 牢记 not … until … 句型的强调句 　It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 　 e.g. He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

　　强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till；

　　句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。 例：1. It was not until 11 o’clock

　　the experiment.

　　A. did he finish

　　B. that he finished

　　C. when they finished

　　D. that did he finish　 解析：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分   

　　2. --“How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace？”

　　-- “Totally by chance.”

　　  A. it that                              B. he that   C. it when                            D. he which

　　◆典型陷阱题分析◆     1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.  A. It was we being late       B. It was our being late C. It was we were too late  D. It was because we were late    

　　【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调because we were late. 【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：     Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.     ◆典型陷阱题分析◆  2. --“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday？”

　　--“It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”     A. where           B. which

　　C. that       D. when    

　　【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall.     【分析】假若选C，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通；假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆  3. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.     A. which      B. as

　　C. what          D. that     【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。     【分析】此题为一个强调句型，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said.句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。     （1） It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.     A. which      B. since     C. that         D. what     （2） It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.    

　　A. one        B. that       C. what        D. it     ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 4. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out？     A. when 

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. in which    

　　【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。     【分析】在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整。此题选A，可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗？”比较下面一题：    

　　Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out？     A. when                        B. that     C. which                       D. in which    ◆典型陷阱题分析◆  5. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.     A. It, careful                    

　　B. It, carefully     C. He, careful                     D. He, carefully     【陷阱】最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构。     【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully.    

　　It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.     A. since      B. as         C. that          D. then     答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。     闯关训练 1.（2006北京）—I think we have met the word before.

　　—Yes. It is in the reading material ____ we _____ reading yesterday.

　　A. that; did　

　　B. that; were　

　　C. when; were　

　　D. when; did

　　答案：B，本题考查强调句型。

　　2. It is these poisonous products ______can cause the headache.

　　A. who B. that

　　C. how

　　D. what

　　答案：B，被强调部分these poisonous products是句子的主语，其他部分有连词that引导。 闯关训练 3.(2004上海,43 )Why! I have nothing to confess. ______ you want to say? What is it that

　　B. What it is that C. How is it that

　　D. How it is that 答案：A该题考查了强调句式的特殊疑问句形式。即:What is it that you want me to say?

　　4.(2005全国Ⅰ,30) It wasn’t until nearly a month later _______ I received the manager’s reply. A. since

　　B. when

　　C. as

　　D. that 答案：D本题强调not until..., 要注意not until 在it is...that的强调句中不能分开。 闯关训练

　　5. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

　　A. This is

　　B. There is

　　C. That is

　　D. It is 答案：Dit作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。

　　6. Was it in 2001, when he was still at middle school, ______ this boy became expert at computer?

　　A. which B. where C. when D. that 答案：D本题在强调句中间插入了一个定语从句修饰2001，做题时可以去掉，强调句的结构就一目了然。 本节重点： 一. 注意判断句子是否是强调句； 二. 牢记一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 三. 牢记 not … until … 句型的强调句 　It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 1.表示否定的前缀： un- non- in- dis- im- il- ir- unfair, unhappy nonsmoker, non-violent inactive, inhuman, indirect disagree, disappear

　　impolite, impossible illegal irregular Ⅰ.前缀

　　(prefix) ： 2.表示错误或失当的前缀: mis-

　　misjudge, misdirect(误导), misunderstand 3.表示向背的前缀: pro- anti- pro-Chinese, pro-American antiwar, anti-Japanese war 4.表示程度、大小的前缀 super-

　　over-

　　mini- under-

　　semi- superstar, supermarket, superman, superpower overhead, overeat, overuse minibus, miniskirt, minicar underground, underdeveloped, underline semicircle, semiskilled, semitone 5.表示时间的前缀 pre- post- fore- prewar, preview, pre-exist postwar, postdate foretell, forecast, foresee, weather forcast 6.表示方位的前缀： sub- inter- trans- subway, submarine, subculture international, intercity, interclass, interaction translate, transatlantic, transform Ⅱ后缀： 不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性。 1.动词变名词： -ation satisfaction, education, realization -ment

　　development, movement, disappointment -al arrival, refusal, revival -ee employee, interviewee -er teacher, worker, farmer -or visitor, sailor, director