天津市武清区杨村第四中学2016届高考英语一轮复习语法专题十《虚拟语气》课件外研版

　　三、 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 1. 错综条件虚拟语气，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital. 陈述语气与虚拟语气 典型例题 1) The volleyball match will be put off if it _____.　

　　A.　will rain　 B. rains　 C. rained　 D. is rained

　　2) --- Would you have called her up _____ possible?

　　--- Yes, but I _____ busy doing my homework.

　　A. had it been … was

　　B. if it was … were

　　C. if it had been … had been

　　D. if it were … would be

　　B 该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是 will be put off。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。 问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用 would have called, 从句中与过去相反的动词形式为 had done；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。 A 高考题点击 3) You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.

　　A. drove…didn’t get B. had driven…wouldn’t have got

　　C. drove…wouldn’t get

　　D. were driving…wouldn’t get

　　4) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if

　　I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox

　　Library in my hometown.　(02 上海)

　　A. wouldn’t have fallen

　　B. had not fallen

　　C. should fall

　　D. were to fall 前句用的是陈述语气，表示过去发生的事；后句是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反。 B B 该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气，而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的 Melinda Cox Library，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。”

　　经典题目 5. If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.

　　asked … would know

　　had asked … would have known C. asked him … know

　　D. had asked … would know 6. What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank?

　　A. Bob had walked farther

　　B. if Bob should walk farther

　　C. had Bob walked farther

　　D. if Bob walked farther C D

　　7. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!

　　A. has B. had C. will have D. had had

　　8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.

　　A. breaks

　　B. has broken

　　C. were broken

　　D. had been broken B C ９- Do you mind if I leave the window open?

　　- Well, I’d rather you _____ .

　　A. don’t

　　B. didn’t

　　C. won’t

　　D. mustn’t 10. It’s half past eleven. It’s high time _____ home.

　　A. we’ll

　　B. we’d

　　C. we’re going

　　D. we went B D 11.

　　Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97)

　　A. mustn’t have arrived

　　B. shouldn’t have arrived

　　C. can’t have arrived

　　D. needn’t have arrived

　　C 4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气　

　　A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气　 在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。

　　考题点击： The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.

　　A. finished

　　B. be finished

　　C. should finish

　　D. finish 2. --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?

　　--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.

　　A. must have B. had C. have

　　D. had had B C B、主语从句中的虚拟语气　 基本句型： It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do

　　It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative…

　　It is a pity, a shame, no wonder

　　考题点击： 1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination?

　　A. takes B. has to take

　　C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _____ you this.

　　A. would tell

　　B. should tell

　　C. had told

　　D. has told D B C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气　

　　在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

　　考题点击： His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.

　　A. try

　　B. tries

　　C. must try

　　D. can try A

　　Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regrets what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He

　　(not wake up) so late that morning if he ______________ (not stay up) late the night before playing computer games.

　　wouldn’t have woken up hadn’t stayed up

　　Jim’s mother agreed:”If my son __________(get up) half an hour earlier, he __________________ (not ride) his bike so crazily.”Jim’s mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _____ ________(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he ______________(spend) more time on his way to school and he _______________(not hit)a tree by the street.” had got up wouldn’t have ridden had followed could have spent would’t have hit

　　“Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice. “ But you know if I _____________(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I________________(

　　knock) her down. My leg____________________ (not injure),and instead of me the girl __________________(take)to hospital. hadn’t

　　noticed would have knocked would’have been injured would have been taken

　　Lying in bed, Jim kept on saying “ How I wish I__________ (be) more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim __________(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it ___________(be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _________(join) them the next week. had been would

　　found would be could join

　　Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regrets what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He

　　(not wake up) so late that morning if he__hadn’t stayed up_____(not stay up) late the night before playing computer games. Jim’s mother agreed:”If my son__had got up_____(get up) half an hour earlier, he_wouldn’t have ridden_____(not ride) his bike so crazily.”Jim’s mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he __had followed____(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he could have spent more time (spend) on his way to school and he ___would’t have hit ___(not hit)a tree by the street.” Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice.” But you know if I_hadn’t

　　noticed__(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I__would have knocked __(

　　knock) her down. My leg___would’have been injured___(not injure),and instead of me the girl___would have been taken _____(take)to hospital.

　　Lying in bed,J im kept on saying”How I wish I__had been ____(be)more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim_would

　　found_(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And

　　it would be (be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he __could join_(join) them the next week. wouldn’t have woken up wouldn’t have woken up 1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气. 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气。 一、虚拟语气定义 二、虚拟语气的考点

　　1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法； 5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。 1. If I knew his telephone number, I would call him now. 2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.

　　3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made the same mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened. 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing. 6. I think we would do it, if we planned it in advance. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.

　　与未来事实相反 时

　　间

　　If 条件句 主

　　句 现在 if+主语+did (be用were) would

　　should

　　+ do sth could might 过去

　　if+主语+had

　　done would

　　should

　　+ have done sth could might 将来

　　did (were )

　　should do

　　were to do would

　　should

　　+ do sth could Might 考题点击：

　　1. If you ____tomorrow, you ____ find the new manager working in the office.

　　should come; would

　　B. would come; would C. will come; should

　　D. comes; might √ 2. If the parents ___at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.

　　arrives

　　arrive

　　C. had arrived

　　D. has arrived √ If he ___，he ___that food.

　　Luckily he was sent to the hospital

　　immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken

　　B. had been warned; would not have taken

　　C. would be warned; had not taken

　　D. would have been warned; had not taken √ 3. 4. If I were you, I ____ buy the house right now.

　　A. won’t

　　B. don’t

　　C. wouldn’t

　　D. can’t

　　5.

　　_____more careful, his ship would not have

　　sunk.

　　A. If the captain were

　　B. If the captain had been

　　C. Should the captain be

　　D. If the captain would have been

　　√ √

　　6. I am not free today. If I ___free today , I __ and visit some of my friends .

　　A. am will go

　　B. were , would go

　　C. shall be

　　D. be ,

　　must go 7. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he __ me

　　from going .

　　A. had been , would have prevented

　　B. had been, would prevent

　　C. were, would prevent

　　D. were, would have prevented 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；

　　条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。

　　Were I you, I would give it up.

　　Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. Should there be a flood, what should we do? 1. ____the exam, he would have attend a college. A. If he passed

　　B. Had he passed C. Were he passed

　　D. If he should pass 2.___five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. A. If you should arrive

　　B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived

　　D. Should you arrive 错综时间的条件句

　　从句与主句发生的时间不同，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

　　If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

　　3. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command

　　三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 四个要求：demand , require, request, desire, ask

　　宾语从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。 My demand is that she _______________ (come) to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical works

　　(be)closed down. He suggested that we ____________ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. It’s suggested that we

　　(go)out for a picnic together every year. (should ) go (should) come (should) be (should ) go 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 注意： 如suggest用于“暗示、表明”,

　　insist用于 “坚持认为”时，宾语从句 用陈述语气。 1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 2.He insisted that she was seriously ill and that be sent to hospitals at once. 3.He suggested that we have a meeting at once. 4.His pale face suggested that he was ill.

　　2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句也要使用虚拟语气。形式一样。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire 等 1. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. 2. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 1）wish + 宾语从句 现在： 过去： 未来：

　　did/were had done would/could/might + do.

　　should I wish I were a bird.

　　I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.

　　We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.

　　were I wish/wished I ____________( eat ) so much watermelon. hadn’t eaten 2）would rather + that

　　现在： 过去： 未来： I would rather you paid me now. (现在) I would rather you had gone, too. (过去) Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来) did (were) 过去时 did had done 3） as if /though + 从句 现在： 过去： did (were) had done They talked as if they had been

　　friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 4.It’s abouthigh time +that - should +V. 过去时 你该走了。 我们该睡觉了。 It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.

　　5）without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是)

　　Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.

　　But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert. 考题点击： 1.I went by plane; otherwise I ____ much longer time.

　　A.could take

　　B.would take

　　C.will have taken

　　D.would have taken

　　D

　　2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal.

　　A. had scored

　　B. scored

　　C. would score

　　D. would have scored D 3. Without liberation we ________ a new life.

　　A. would not begin

　　B. would not have been begun

　　C. had not begun

　　D. would not have begun D 6）If only …(要是…就好了) 相当于wish If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。

　　要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!