2017年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题16 书面表达（教学案）（教师版）

　　1．提示形式固定。

　　近几年的书面表达多是以“文字提纲”的方式呈现，要点明确，任务具体，结构清晰。文字提示已成为高考书面表达的主要命题形式。

　　2．体裁注重应用。

　　近几年书面表达的体裁大都是应用文，应用文是人们日常生活中广泛使用的文体，它最突出的特点是它的实际应用性。应用文包括很广，如书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、请柬、电报、合同、稿件等。应用文重在实用，语言规范，表达力求朴实、准确、简洁。

　　3．话题贴近学生生活。

　　近几年的书面表达都秉承了“让学生有话说”的原则。内容来自于学生的实际生活或是学生关心的话题，贴近生活、贴近学生、贴近时代，题目设置的情景真实可信，符合学生的年龄特点，话题易于拓展，让每个学生都有话说，易于动笔。

　　一、内容解读

　　提纲作文是高考书面表达的考查热点之一。命题者把材料分割成信息块，用独立的文字信息表示出来。这类题型中有较多的文字说明，对考生的表述思路有较明确的规定。形式以书信、报道、通知、日记等为主，内容贴近学生生活。

　　二、能力解读

　　根据《考试大纲》中对于写作的要求，提纲类作文要求考生能够灵活运用英语知识，根据相关信息将试题要求的要点完整地表述出来，力求准确、简洁、礼貌、规范。

　　这类题型的主要特点是：要点明确，范围具体。考生极容易受中文提纲的制约，将书面表达变成翻译，造成语法结构和词汇使用上的单调。要写好提纲式作文，应注意以下几点：

　　1、细读提示，认真审题，把握体裁

　　审题应包括：审体裁，高考书面表达题的体裁一般有记叙文、说明文和应用文等；审格式，特别注意掌握应用文(书信、通知、演讲稿等)的格式；定人称，根据命题内容需要，对人称进行合理的选择定位；定时态，英语的动词与汉语的动词用法有很大的差别，是考生常出错误的地方。

　　2、紧扣主题，组织要点

　　虽然提纲作文的“要点”似乎已经定好了，但在认真审题，弄清楚题意的基础上，仍要逐个地、完美无缺地把内容要点列出来。

　　3、选词造句，初步成文

　　在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句，然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。

　　4、仔细审核，查漏补缺

　　写作时，由于时间仓促，加上心情紧张和粗心，难免出现错漏现象，如漏掉内容要点，字母大小写不准确，单词拼写有误，习惯用语搭配不当，时态混乱，主谓不一致以及母语干扰造成的中文式英语等。所有的这些问题，都值得考生在定稿前认真检查、仔细核对、及时修补，力争做到全文信息齐全、结构合理、语句表达准确。

　　提纲作文的常用模版句型

　　1．开篇句

　　With the development of economy...随着经济的发展……

　　I think that...我认为……

　　I am of the opinion that...就我的看法……

　　It is often said that...人们经常说……

　　At present, there is a widespread concern that...目前，……引起普遍关注。

　　There is no immediate solution to the problem of..., but...might be helpful.关于解决……没有快速的办法，但……可能会有作用。

　　2．连接句

　　Among all the given reasons, one should be mentioned.在所有给出的理由中，有一个值得一提。

　　One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is...与上面提到的同样重要的一点是……

　　The main reason why...is that...……的主要原因是……

　　Take...for example/instance.以……为例。

　　Another special consideration in this case is that...关于这件事还有一点值得特别考虑，那就是……

　　Besides, we should not neglect that...另外，我们不应该忽视……

　　Therefore, these findings show the following information...因此，这些发现说明了以下信息……

　　Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.尽管A很优秀，但它也有自身的缺点。

　　3．结束句

　　Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that...考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以得出这样的结论……

　　So we must...因此我们必须……

　　【图表作文】

　　一、内容解读

　　图表作文是近年来高考常考题型之一。体裁多为议论文、应用文和说明文，内容多涉及前后变化对比、正反观点对比或产品介绍等。图表作文一般分为两种形式：

　　1．表格形式，将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格体现出来，即统计表。这类题型一般以说明文和议论文居多，往往是介绍、说明某种情况或辩论某种观点、看法，但有时也可能是记叙文。

　　2．图像形式，可分为以曲线形式表示数据变化的线形图、以条形形式表示数据大小或数量之间差异的条形图、以圆内扇形面积的大小表示总体中部分结构变化的圆形图等。这类题型一般以说明文居多，是一些关于生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。

　　二、能力解读

　　这种类型的作文要求作者根据表格或图像提供的信息，生动、具体地写出反映该图表的内容，并能够对数据、文字内容进行分析，得出令人信服的结论。

　　图表作文是近几年高考书面表达中常考的形式之一，那么如何才能在高考中取得此类作文的高分呢？就此，名师给我们提出了以下几点应试策略：

　　1．审读图表前的文字说明，弄清图表性质，做到“四确定”。首先，确定文章体裁；其次，确定文章的结构；再次，确定文章的时态(动词是句子的核心，时态是句子的灵魂)；最后，确定文章的人称。

　　2．审读图表后的要求，寻找做题规律，要注意以下几个方面。

　　(1)词数要求。

　　(2)开头或结尾是否已给出，如果给出，则考生不能另行开头或结尾；并且，要细读所给语句的人称、时态和语言表达风格与口吻，力求前后一致。

　　(3)内容完整，即要点齐全。图表中的内容要注意详略得当和准确全面。

　　(4)行文连贯。行文时必须做到形连和意连。形连要力求自我特色词汇的使用，以增加得分“亮点”。意连要求能涵盖高考书面表达各种文体常用的几个特色词和短语，如however, besides, instead, in the meanwhile, for instance, on the contrary, worse still, in conclusion, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact等，只有这样才能写出好文章。

　　(5)注意句式的变化，力求在语言表达正确的基础上追求句式变换，确保语言表达的高级性。常见写作技巧主要包括：简单句与复合句的交错使用；主动语态为主，适度穿插被动语态；大胆使用平行结构；适当调整句中定语、状语的位置，使句子表达多样化；三大从句与三种非谓语动词灵活互换；特殊句式(如强调句、感叹句、疑问句、省略句)点缀其间等。

　　总之，图表作文写作要坚持“慢审快写”的原则，必须牢记：审读提示，弄清结构与题材，时态、人称要得当，开头、结尾要呼应；再读图表，句子结构要搭配，语言习惯莫违背；文章书写要规范，显眼之处别出错；文章写好要检查，点滴错误别漏掉。

　　图表式作文的写作步骤

　　第一步：开门见山地点明该图表所反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。

　　引入话题的句型有：

　　As is known by the above graph/in the above table...

　　It can be seen from the above graph/the above table that...

　　According to the numbers of the above graph, we can find that...

　　第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后进行描述。在描述数据间变化及总趋势时，可采用分类式或对比式，并阐明理由。

　　1．描述图表变化趋势的词语：

　　上升：increase/ rise/ go up/ rocket

　　下降：decrease/ reduce/ come down/ decline/ drop/ fall

　　快：quickly/ rapidly/ sharply/ dramatically

　　慢：slowly/ gradually

　　其他方面的常用词语：while, but, compare...to/ with..., in contrast to, as...as..., the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, more than, less than等。

　　2．分析原因的词语和句式：

　　lead to/ result in/ case/ be responsible for/ account for/ Several factors contribute to such changes.

　　第三步：归纳总结或发表评论/谈看法/说对策。常用短语、词组和句型：

　　in a word/ in short/ generally speaking/ It's clear from the chart that.../ We can draw the conclusion that.../ We can learn/ know.../ It's necessary/ important/ easy/ clear that/ ...find it necessary/ important/ easy/ clear to do...

　　【图画作文】

　　一、内容解读

　　看图作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文或叙述一个故事；或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。看图作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转换成英语语言文字，旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。

　　二、能力解读

　　根据《考试大纲》对写作的要求，具体到图画类作文，要求如下：

　　1．看图作文的主要考查特点是生动、形象、直观、图文并茂。它要求行文时做到：主题明确，即文章能根据图画中所反映的中心思想；图文一致，即文章能体现图画中所反映的主要内容。

　　2．看图作文要求考生具有敏锐的观察力，丰富的想象力，严谨的逻辑，冷静的分析，以及最终将以上诸方面素质综合体现出来的良好的书面表达能力。

　　3．看图作文行文时要注意词汇与句型的精心选择，准确表达。表达过程中要注意图画信息的连接方式，尤其要注意句与句、段与段之间的意思连贯。为此，考生应学会灵活使用连接词、指示代词等，适当地根据自己的需要和文章的进展调整信息出现的顺序。

　　看图作文的特点比较明显，而且它仍是高考中的重要考点，针对这些，著名英语教师给出了如下几点写作技巧：

　　1．仔细审题，确定要点。对于这类试题，考生首先应仔细审题，看懂图画所表达的意思，根据图画内容整理出几个要点，再根据这些要点决定要采用的语言形式。

　　2．紧扣要点，组句成篇。看图写作时要选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将题中所规定的内容要点加以表达，进而串联成文。在表达时句子宜短不宜长，应慎用分词或复合句，对拿不准的表达，可采用“迂回”或“回避”的方法，即在不改变原有意思的前提下，改换另一种表达方式，但切忌中文式的英语，或根据英语语法人为地编造一些不规范、不地道的语言材料。

　　3．表达准确，过渡自然。考生对看图作文所提供的图画，通常先是分幅叙述，相互之间没有逻辑联系。考生在分幅叙述之后，应按照合理的顺序，将句子串联成文。在连贯时，可适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，如and, then, however, besides, thus等，这样会使文章脉络清晰，层次分明，意思连贯。

　　4．规范书写，检查润色。详读全文，检查是否遗漏要点；是否有明显的语法和结构错误；单词拼写是否有误；标点符号是否遗漏或用错；词数是否符合要求等。

　　必背模版和句型

　　1．开头。

　　Look at this picture./ The picture shows that.../ From this picture, we can see.../ As is shown in the picture.../ As is seen in the picture...

　　2．衔接句。

　　As we all know, .../ As is known to all, .../ It is well known that.../ In my opinion, .../ As far as I am concerned, .../ This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

　　3．结尾句。

　　In conclusion.../ In brief.../ On the whole.../ In short.../ In a word.../ Generally speaking.../ As has been stated...等。

　　【开放作文】

　　一、内容解读

　　随着高考英语改革进程的不断深入和发展，英语书面表达的命题形式也会日趋灵活与开放。开放式作文类似语文考试中的材料作文。试题给出一定的素材或主题，让学生在此基础上自由发挥，自由创作，不受“文体形式，内容要点”的限制。开放作文更能反映出考生的写作水平。

　　开放作文不同于传统的书面表达。传统的书面表达是一种控制性写作，即通过要点提示、图画、表格等命题形式来限定书面表达的内容、人称、时态、词数、文体等，使考生自由发挥的空间缩小，在一定程度上限制了考生的思维、想象等能力的发挥。而开放作文只给出一段素材或一幅图画，然后由考生在此基础上充分发挥想象，自由创作。

　　开放式书面表达是高考命题的趋势。近几年来，高考书面表达题在稳定中求发展。它越来越趋向于夹叙夹议的题型，其中最大的特点就在于题目越来越趋向于开放性，给考生以足够的自由发挥和自由想象的空间。估计今后还会加大对此类书面表达的考查力度。

　　二、能力解读

　　根据《考试大纲》的要求，具体到开放类作文，要求考生做到：

　　1．开放作文对考生的能力要求更高，考查也更全面。它不仅考查考生的书面语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且考查考生的逻辑思维能力、发散思维能力、丰富的想象力以及多角度考虑问题的创新思维能力。

　　2．与传统作文相比，开放作文不仅扩大了命题和考生写作的范围，提高了考生的写作兴趣，而且把对考生能力的考查提高到更高、更新的层面上来。

　　针对开放类作文的灵活性与开放性，名师为考生提出以下几个写作步骤：

　　1．认真审题，把握要求，找准提示语中的关键句

　　开放作文需要考生根据试题提示的要求进行立意，确定文章的中心思想。立意的基础是审题。因此，考生在着手写作之前，要认真审题，确实把握命题要求，找准提示语中的关键句。

　　2．依据关键句，草拟提纲，梳理文章脉络

　　通过认真审题，找准关键句以后，下一步的任务就是如何安排已选定的这些材料，要为自己心中所设想的材料草拟一个提纲，梳理清楚先后顺序。这样写起来就会有条不紊、条理清楚、详略得当，使得所写的文章中心突出。

　　3．准确定位人称、时态，遣词造句要扬长避短

　　(1)开放作文通常以提供一个故事材料片段为主。大部分情况下，文中所使用的动词时态以一般过去时为主，但人称的使用较为灵活，考生应该依据文章提示准确定位人称。

　　(2)在人称、时态准确定位以后，考生应将重点放在文章的遣词造句上。考生应尽可能运用自己熟悉的单词、短语或句型来灵活表达，避免单词、短语或句型的重复使用。

　　简而言之，开放作文的写作思路和汉语作文非常相似。首先要明确主题，然后根据主题构建文章的主体结构，即写作提纲，最后在写作过程中要突出主题、层次分明。

　　【写作技巧】

　　一、写作六步法

　　1．审：审题，确定四要素：体裁格式；题材内容；中心人称以及主体时态；

　　2．抓，抓要点，确定主要行为；

　　3．扩：扩展成句，形成基本语意单位；

　　4．连：连词成句，正确使用过渡词，使行文流畅，并注意段与段的衔接；

　　5．改：查错改错，注意时态、标点和拼写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等；

　　6．抄：誊写，修改无误后，认真规范地誊写在规定的地方，注意保持卷面整洁，书写工整、清楚。

　　二、写作四亮点

　　1．肯定不如双否好

　　修辞的使用在写作中算作很大的亮点，双重否定也是种修辞， 只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every

　　day.，就不如变成双重否定：The postman never fails to come

　　on time every day.，这就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。再比如介绍澳大利亚的Allan Stewart的学习态度“挑战自我，永远为时不晚”，也可以写成双重否定：He

　　believes that it is never too late to challenge himself.。又如陕西卷中的Ms. Li spent a wonderful time with

　　us，but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all her

　　hard work and guidance.以及高考浙江卷中的I can't

　　agree more with this view.。应用类似的修辞会在高考中为考生加分。

　　2．陈述不如倒装妙

　　在写作中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装、强调、从句、独立主格或分词结构以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对写作，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。

　　(1)否定词开头：

　　例如：I will never marry you.不如变成倒装句，用否定词开头：Never will I marry you.，这样就算作使用了高级语法。其他的否定词，如not，seldom，hardly等开头的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。

　　(2)地点状语开头：

　　在很多年份的高考写作中都有表达地点的句子，一座建筑位于什么位置或什么地方有什么东西，都可以应用倒装。例如：图书馆位于学校的中央“Our library is in

　　the center of our school.”变成倒装就用地点状语开头：In the

　　center of our school lies our library.。其他的例子：河岸上有一些花“On the bank stand some flowers.”，天空中繁星点点“In

　　the sky hang lots of stars.”总之在表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首，后面进行主谓倒装，这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构，第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子呈现更多的亮点。例如：In the center of our school lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.

　　(3)only＋介词短语：

　　例如：针对乱扔垃圾的行为发表个人看法：环境需要大家维护，只有人人把保护环境作为己任，我们才能有更美好的生活。这句话就可以用倒装形式来表达：Only in this way call we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.。其他的例子还有Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy.。

　　(4)形容词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词：

　　例如： Disappointed as I felt at the

　　shabby campus and the poorly­equipped classroom, I found the

　　teachers patient and considerate.再比如：Young as I am, I can

　　manage it; Rich as our country is，we have a lot of problems.。还有其他的倒装结构：很高兴收到你的来信→So glad am I to

　　hear from you.。在高考中要尽量使用一两个倒装句。

　　3．主动不如被动巧

　　在英文中，被动语态的使用很重要。因为英语中经常用被动语态，汉语中经常用主动语态；英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现出丰富的句型，整篇文章也生动起来。例如：在全国卷Ⅱ的试题中，同学们决定为小明举办生日宴会，在表达宴会的内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等时，很多学生只是简单地罗列，但是如果用上被动语态：Then the cake will be cut and we'll sing songs and

　　play games.。这就显得语句表达层次性强，分数会更高。

　　4．分词结构不能少

　　在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构。例如：条件状语从句：If such is the case, you should

　　apologize to her.如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。

　　口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。

　　If such is the case, you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改，第一步，去掉连词if；第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is变成分词是being，所以最后变成Such being the case, you should

　　apologize to her.，就变成了独立主格结构。如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构。例如：2012年高考陕西卷中，Entering the classroom, Ms.Li was surprised to find we were

　　standing in line, clapping hands and saying loudly “Happy

　　Teachers' Day！”这个句子就包含了两个分词结构作伴随状语；再比如2012年高考北京卷，Seeing them on the bus, I felt a

　　kind of satisfaction.。其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达“由于，因为，如果”等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。

　　三、常用高分句型

　　1．合并句子(丰富结构)：

　　●Not only can I improve my oral English but also I learn some customs in western countries.

　　●For one thing, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another, they can enrich my life and

　　provide me with great fun.

　　2．改变语态(避免单调)：

　　●Besides, I am a book­lover and the books are so well kept that they are as good as new.

　　3．使用省略(达到言简意赅的效果)：

　　●If so, please keep quiet about it because we want to give him

　　a surprise.

　　4．使用强调句型(突出语意)：

　　●My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but

　　how you make use of it that determines who you are.

　　●It is for these reasons that I finally made my choice.

　　●It's because of this and my effort in class that I managed to

　　get the first place in the English Contest held recently in our

　　school.

　　5．使用倒装句(增强说服力)：

　　●Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly­equipped

　　classroom,

　　I

　　found

　　the

　　teachers

　　patient

　　and

　　considerate.

　　6．使用虚拟语气(提出建议，委婉表达，易于接受)

　　●She would have never thought a complete surprise was

　　waiting for her. (2012·陕西高考)

　　7．使用with结构(丰富句式)：

　　●The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with

　　the sun shining and birds singing.

　　8．使用状语从句(强调谓语或句子)

　　●Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available.

　　9．使用定语从句(表意丰富)：

　　●In 2012, he who was praised by his teacher for being good at

　　arranging time received his fourth degree through learning on

　　the Internet.

　　●Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model,

　　whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.

　　10．使用名词性从句(体现扎实的语言功底)：

　　●Not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in

　　what we have done.

　　●My English is just OK and the two main problems in my

　　study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and

　　that I often feel nervous when speaking English.

　　11．使用非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词的使用，可使句式多样化)：

　　●What's worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.(2012·福建高考)

　　●Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball.

　　四、巧写开头结尾

　　1．开头方法一：名人名言

　　经典句型：

　　A proverb says, “Genius only means hard­working all one's life.”(适用于已记住的名言)

　　It goes without saying that...

　　不言而喻……(适用于自编名言)

　　更多经典句型：

　　As everyone knows，...

　　No one can deny that...

　　开头方法二：数字统计

　　要想更有说服力，就应该用具体的数字来说明，所以不妨用下面的句型：

　　According to a recent survey, about 70% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

　　A recent statistics shows that...

　　2．结尾方法一：结论

　　说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让阅卷老师眼前一亮，这样就可以拿高分了。比如下面的句子：

　　Obviously (此为过渡词), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

　　更多过渡方式：

　　in conclusion; in brief; Thus, it can be concluded that...; Therefore, we can find that...; to sum up

　　结尾方法二：建议

　　Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. (经典的虚拟语气的句型)

　　更多句型：

　　Accordingly (因此), I recommend that some measures be taken.

　　Consequently (因此), to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

　　考点一、提纲作文

　　例1、（2016天津）书面表达

　　假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。

　　（1） 回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；

　　（2） 谈谈收获或感想；

　　（3） 表达祝愿与期望。

　　注意：

　　（1） 词数不少于100；

　　（2） 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；

　　（3） 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear friends,

　　How time flies!

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Thank you.

　　考点:考查提纲作文

　　【变式探究】假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：

　　1．参加英语角的益处；

　　2．坚持写英语日记的作用；

　　3．英文阅读网站(Enjoy Reading)对你的帮助。

　　注意：

　　1．词数：120～150；

　　2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　命题特点

　　1．命题常以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式呈现。

　　2．写作内容被以提纲的形式分割成独立的信息块，所给的提纲既体现了文章的层次，又规定了各段的大体内容，为考生提供了写作思路。

　　3．考查形式以电子邮件、报道、通知、日记等为主，内容贴近学生的生活实际。

　　写作策略

　　一、写作步骤和技巧

　　1．写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。

　　2．每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中心和内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。

　　3．提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。还需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句，然后围绕主题句进行扩展。

　　4．收集材料支持主题句。材料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”，也要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。

　　二、审题和构思

　　1．本文是一篇提纲式作文。写好此文，需注意以下几点：一是时态把握要准确。文章基本时态为一般现在时，同时兼顾其他的时态。二是要点要齐全，且详略得当。题目已对要点作出了明确的规定，这些要点不能有遗漏。三是切忌照译，要适当地增加细节，恰当地使用连接词、过渡词，使行文连贯流畅。

　　2．通过审题，归纳出本文内容要点如下：(1)参加英语角的益处：结识朋友，提高英语口语；(2)坚持写英语日记的作用：有助于英语的学习；(3)英文阅读网站的帮助：读到经典文章，学到学习技巧。以上三点是基本要点，缺一不可，除此之外，在文章开头应点明主题，结尾作出总结，开头和结尾应略写。

　　3．围绕要点联想所需词汇：

　　①参加英语角：take part in English corner

　　②结识许多朋友：meet many friends

　　③提高我的英语口语：my oral English improved

　　④写英语日记：keep English diaries

　　⑤做……是有用的/帮助的：It is useful/helpful to do sth.

　　⑥经典的：classic

　　⑦在……上起重要作用：play an important part in...

　　⑧得到回报：pay off

　　4．连词成句：

　　(1)为了学好英语，除了英语课之外，我还参加英语角和其他课外英语活动，这对我很有益。

　　①In order to learn English well, apart from English class，I

　　took an active part in English corner and other after­school

　　English activities, which benefit me a lot.

　　②To learn English well, I took part in English corner and

　　other after­school English activities besides English class,

　　benefiting me a lot.

　　(2)在英语角上，我遇到许多朋友，他们与我兴趣相同。

　　①In the English corner, I meet many friends，who share the

　　same interest with me.

　　②Attending the English corner, I meet many friends sharing

　　the same interest with me.

　　(3)我觉得记英语日记很有用。

　　①I find it useful to keep English diaries.

　　②I find (that) it is useful for me to keep English diaries.

　　(4)谚语说得好，“熟能生巧”。

　　①There is a famous saying, which says“Practice makes

　　perfect”．

　　②As a famous saying goes, practice makes perfect.

　　参考范文

　　As a high school student, I consider English as a very important subject. In order to learn it well, apart from English class, I took an active part in English corner and other after­class English activities, which benefit me a lot.

　　In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. Besides, sometimes, some foreigners are glad to join us. By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot. I also find it useful to keep English diaries. I keep on doing it these years and it is helpful to my English. As a saying goes, practice makes perfect.

　　Only by practice will we make more progress. Finally, some good English reading websites contribute a lot to my improvement. Through these websites, I can read some classic English passages, poems and stories. What's more, I can learn some learning skills, which play an important part in my study process.

　　All in all, every road leads to Rome, but I believe hard work pays off.

　　考点二、图画作文

　　例2．（2016北京）书面表达

　　假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。

　　注意：词数不少于60。

　　提示词：地球日Earth Day

　　【答案】

　　Actions for a Greener Earth

　　A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.

　　Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.

　　We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.

　　考点：情景作文

　　【变式探究】假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。

　　注意：

　　1．日记的开头已为你写好。

　　2．词数不少于60。

　　Saturday，June 2

　　Fine

　　This morning，____________________________________ _____________

　　命题特点

　　1．形象，直观，内容具体，素材接近生活。

　　图画类的写作提供的情景有单幅图画、双幅图画或连环图画，大多配有简洁的文字以说明图画或图片的主题及试题的写作要求。情景一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考写作“生活化”的特点，为学生提供了充分发挥自由想像的空间，突出了对创新意识和发散思维能力的考查。

　　2．文体形式多样。

　　图画式写作的体裁比较广泛，可以是记叙文，将图画中所表达的信息完整地记录下来；也可以是说明文，根据图画从时间、过程、步骤等方面对之加以解释、说明；还可以是议论文，针对图画中所表现出来的一般现象，加以议论，得出结论，提出解决问题的办法。

　　写作策略

　　一、写作步骤和技巧

　　1．针对此类题型，应首先仔细阅读图画以及文字说明，确定文章体裁。此类文章一般都会给出关键词、文章的开头或规定场景，写作时要注意画面体现的主题以及各画面之间的联系。体裁一般以记叙文或说明文为主。

　　2．确定人称。若以日记、回忆录等形式来写，一般采用第一人称；若以讲故事的形式来写，一般采用第三人称。

　　3．确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁，确定文章要使用的时态。介绍人物或叙述某事件的发展过程，通常用一般过去时；揭示或反映某个社会现象则用一般现在时。

　　4．发挥联想要合理、适度。这类文章一般要求进行适度合理的联想和发挥，以便使上下文能更好地连贯起来，要注意每幅图画之间过渡性词语的选择。

　　5．虚实结合，详略得当。对于图画中的内容，要注意详略得当。如图画中所出现的时间、数字或言论要一词不漏地写清楚，而有些过程或原因则可适当简略。

　　二、审题和构思

　　1．首先要认真审题，确定人称和时态。本题通过四幅图介绍李华在路上做的好事，文章要求用日记的形式叙述，因此应写成以过去时态为主的记叙文。

　　2．挖掘材料，整理需要表达的内容，列出要点和提纲。通过认真观察每幅图画，结合图中所给的文字信息(如数字、问号、天安门的图示等)，我们可以知道四幅图主要是讲述了李华偶遇路人并向路人提供帮助的事情，是生活中熟悉的话题。写作时，应把时间、地点、人物、事件过程写得具体而详实，最后应对此事发表一些感悟。可以归纳出以下四个要点：

　　①发现两名游客(see two travelers)；

　　②询问情况(ask what happened)；

　　③告诉路线(tell how)；

　　④挥手告别(wave goodbye to)。

　　3．围绕要点联想所需词汇：

　　①看上去困惑：look puzzled

　　②迷路：be/get lost

　　③过去询问他们：go up to them and ask

　　④天坛：the Temple of Heaven

　　⑤领某人去……：lead sb. to...

　　⑥乘坐20路公交车：take Bus No. 20

　　⑦彼此挥手告别：wave goodbye to each other

　　4．连点成句：

　　(1)今天上午，我正走在街上，看到两名游客在看地图，看起来很迷惑。

　　①This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.

　　②This morning, I was walking on the street when I saw two

　　travelers reading a map, looking puzzled.

　　③This morning, I was walking on the street when I saw two

　　travelers reading a map, who looked puzzled.

　　(2)我过去询问他们是否需要帮忙。

　　I went up to them and asked if/whether they need help.

　　(3)我带他们到附近的公交车站，建议他们乘坐20路公交车，这路公交车可以把他们直接带去那里。

　　I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, which could take them there directly.

　　(4)我们彼此挥手告别。

　　We waved goodbye to each other.

　　参考范文

　　Saturday, June 2Fine

　　This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up to them and asked how I could help. They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, which could take them there directly. They appreciated my help greatly. Before long, the bus came. We waved goodbye to each other. Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satisfaction.

　　考点三、图表作文

　　仔细观察下图，根据要求，以“Health Changes in Developing Countries”为题，写一篇100词左右的短文。

　　1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的预期寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality rate)的变化情况；

　　2．说明引起变化的各种原因，如生活条件的改善、医学的进步、环境保护的认识等。

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　命题特点

　　1．体裁多以议论文或说明文为主。

　　2．根据图表的呈现方式不同，可分为表格式和图形式。

　　(1)表格式作文就是将统计数据或被说明的事物直接以统计表的形式呈现出来，这类题目往往要求介绍某种情况或陈述某种观点与看法。

　　(2)图形式作文包括：表示数据变化的曲线图；表示数据大小或数量之间差异的柱状图、饼状图；表示整体结构差异的扇形图等。

　　写作策略

　　一、写作技巧

　　1．认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题，弄清设计者想通过图表所反映的信息、问题或现象。对于曲线图，要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并注意交会点在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位；对于流程图，要按照流程顺序进行适当的逻辑推理；对于柱状图和饼状图，要通过宽度相等的柱形的高度比较和各部分所占的比例来判断事物

　　的动态发展趋势，关注坐标线的刻度、单位以及图表旁边的提示说明；对于平面图，要仔细观察，理解图表的真正含义，按一定的逻辑顺序，有层次地进行表述。

　　2．在掌握了全部信息的基础上，着手分析这些信息或数据，通过分析对比，找出不同点和相似点。

　　二、写作步骤

　　1．开门见山，点明主题。

　　开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题，即conclusion。可以点明图表所反映的主题或问卷、民意调查的结果，也可以点明要展开阐述的话题。

　　2．呈现数据，分析原因。

　　呈现调查所得数据、结果，阐明必要的理由或原因；分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写(在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐述必要的理由)。要特别注意层次性，切忌反复使用同一句型或反复出现图表中的数据，否则文章会显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的方式，使用不同的词语及句式。

　　3．归纳总结或发表评论。

　　如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么最后一段写解决办法的可能性最大。如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么最后一段很可能是两种情况——可能写负面的影响或存在的问题，也可能写未来的趋势或发展方向。此外，写作时还要注意：(1)图表和数据内容不必全部描述；善于抓住总的规律、趋势，归纳增减率；过去特定的时间用过去时，经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时；(2)切忌写成“填表题”“一对一直译”“句式单一”，遗漏“间接要点”，应巧妙组合信息。

　　三、审题和构思

　　1．文章可采用三段式结构。第一段描述图表，揭示图表的显性特征；第二段罗列产生该变化的内在原因，该段可以采用总分结构。注意所罗列原因之间的过渡，要使用一些衔接词和过渡语，使行文连贯、过渡自然。在表达要点时，可以采用一主题句加一扩展句的形式；第三段对全文作简短的总结，可用in short引出简要结论。

　　2．本文文体是说明文，时态用一般现在时和一般过去时。

　　3．围绕要点进行词汇联想：

　　①如表格所述：As is described in the chart

　　②发生变化：changes have taken place

　　③婴儿出生率从……下降到……：the infant mortality rate

　　dropped from...to...

　　④生活条件：living conditions

　　⑤医疗保健：medical care

　　⑥意识到：be aware of

　　⑦环境保护：environmental protection

　　4．连点成句：

　　①用as引导定语从句描述图表：As is described in the chart,

　　in developing countries great changes have taken place in life

　　expectancy and infant mortality rate between 1960 and 2011.

　　②用while引导让步状语从句突出预期寿命从1960年到2011年的变化：The life expectancy in 1960 was about 40 years,

　　while it increased to about 60 years in 2011.

　　③用than引导比较状语从句突出医疗条件的变化：Second,

　　thanks to the development in science and medicine, people are

　　receiving better medical care than they used to.

　　参考范文

　　Health Changes in Developing Countries

　　As is described in the chart, in developing countries great changes have taken place in life expectancy and infant mortality rate between 1960 and 2011.

　　The life expectancy in 1960 was about 40 years, while it increased to about 60 years in 2011. At the same time, the infant mortality rate dropped from 200 per 1,000 births in 1960 to 100 per 1,000 births in 2011.

　　There are many reasons for the changes, I think.

　　First, people's living conditions have improved, so it is natural that they live longer than before.

　　Second, thanks to the development in science and medicine, people are receiving better medical care than they used to.

　　Third, developing countries are now better aware of environmental protection and they take more measures to solve the problem, which also does good to us.

　　In short, people's health condition in developing countries is becoming better and better.

　　考点四：(半)开放作文

　　1．（2016新课标2）书面表达

　　假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：

　　1．主题：环境保护；

　　2．展览时间；

　　3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.

　　注意：

　　1．词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　【答案】

　　Dear Peter,

　　Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gm.school.com.

　　Hope to hear from you soon.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　考点：考查半开放作文

　　【方法技巧】命题特点

　　1．文体特点：

　　(半)开放作文一般只给出主题、两三点提示、一段素材或漫画，然后由考生在此基础上充分发挥想像力，自由发挥，自由创作。

　　2．常见的(半)开放式作文命题形式：

　　①话题式：

　　即围绕题目中所给的特定的话题说明、叙述、举例，最后谈谈自己的感想或发表自己的看法。

　　②漫画式：

　　即要求考生根据一定提示(一般是一段约20词的英文提示或一幅漫画)，写一篇短文。要求考生充分发挥想像力和创造力，自由拓展主题，组织篇章结构，这样既能体现出学生活跃的思维，又能表现出他们的逻辑思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力，从而把对考生写作能力的考查上升到一个新的高度。

　　3．(半)开放作文常考文体：

　　①记叙文：

　　一般给出一段材料，然后要求考生根据所给材料的内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，给故事添加开头、发展过程及结尾。

　　②议论文：

　　要求考生根据所提供的信息材料(一般为漫画)，在描述漫画信息之余，发挥自己的想像，展开简单的议论，并略谈自己的观点和看法。

　　请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。

　　You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　参考范文

　　I think the long pencil, looking proud and delighted, is laughing at the short pencil by saying “You're nearing the end！” The short pencil, on the other hand, remains calm. The long pencil's words let him fall into deep thoughts. He clearly remembers he has been used in writing and drawing. It's true that he's approaching the end but he has been living a memorable life and there has rarely been a dull moment.

　　In reality, we should learn from the short pencil: not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.

　　1．（2016新课标2）书面表达

　　假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：

　　1．主题：环境保护；

　　2．展览时间；

　　3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.

　　注意：

　　1．词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　【答案】

　　Dear Peter,

　　Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gm.school.com.

　　Hope to hear from you soon.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【解析】本文属于半开放作文。要求考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Peter写信，建议他参加你校摄影俱乐部举办的国际中学生摄影展。文章要使用第一人称和一般现在时为主的时态。要点：1. 校摄影俱乐部举办的国际中学生摄影展，主题为环境保护；2.展览时间6月15日，持续三周；3.知道对方对摄影很感兴趣，也恰好有环保方面的图片，希望对方能够参加本次展览。4.投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。在写作时，注意书信的格式以及过渡用语的正确使用；同时尽量使用熟悉的词汇及短语，尤其注意不要出现中国式英语，恰当使用一些复合句或者谚语以增加获得高分的可能性。

　　考点：考查半开放作文

　　2．（2016新课标1）书面表达

　　假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。

　　注意：

　　1. 词数100左右;

　　2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。

　　【答案】

　　Dear Ms Jenkins,

　　I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.

　　In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don’t even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I’m writing you the letter , hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　And I’d be really thankful.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【解析】本文是一篇考生们熟悉的书信类体裁的书面表达，内容贴近学生生活，所以人人有话可说。文章没有给出开头和结尾，所以考生要注意书信的格式，包括称呼语，正文以及结束语等。在写作时要注意先列出写作要点，而且要注意将来时、现在时以及现在完成时的交错使用；注意使用高级句式和多种结构的使用，而且语气要委婉礼貌。

　　【亮点】 本文是一篇较为优秀的范文。格式正确，要点全面，语言通顺流畅，很好地完成了写作任务。在本文中开头提出写信的目的，然后具体讲述自己的困难，再提出请求，最后表达自己的感激之情。所以在内容上逻辑性较强。此外，作者还使用了不定式短语In order to get some practical experience, 现在分词短语hoping you can give me some help, 宾语从句if there are something to pay attention to等。经典句式this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume也是文章的亮点所在。

　　3．（2016新课标3）书面表达

　　假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：

　　1.表示歉意；

　　2.说明原因；

　　3.另约时间。

　　注意：

　　1.词数100左右；

　　2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　【答案】详见解析

　　【解析】题目要求写一封道歉信，李华因不能和Bob一起去书店而向Bob道歉，文章应使用第一人称和一般现在时进行写作。写作内容包括：表示歉意；说明原因；另约时间。注意使用连接词，使作文内容连贯。

　　范文包括了所有要点内容，做到了语意连贯。范文使用了宾语从句和目的状语从句条件句省略句等，长短句结合，使内容显得更加丰富。

　　4．（2016北京）书面表达

　　假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。

　　注意：词数不少于60。

　　提示词：地球日Earth Day

　　【答案】

　　Actions for a Greener Earth

　　A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.

　　Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.

　　We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.

　　考点：情景作文

　　5．（2016天津）书面表达

　　假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。

　　（1） 回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；

　　（2） 谈谈收获或感想；

　　（3） 表达祝愿与期望。

　　注意：

　　（1） 词数不少于100；

　　（2） 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；

　　（3） 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear friends,

　　How time flies!

　　____________________________________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________________________________________

　　____________________________________________________

　　Thank you.

　　【答案】略

　　考点:考查提纲作文

　　3.【2015·北京】

　　假如你是红星中学学生李华。根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在“传统文化进校园“活动中，面向人艺术家学习捏面人的过程。并以”A Day with a Craftsman”为题，给校刊”英语角“写一篇英文稿件。

　　注意：词数不少于60.

　　提示词：一个面团a piece of dough

　　面人dough figurine

　　【答案】

　　Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.

　　When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him and watched attentively. Then we started to have a try ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patiently.

　　Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited.

　　We hope we can have more activities of this kind!

　　【亮点说明】

　　范文注意使用First, Then, Finally等来衔接句子和段落，表示事情发生的时间顺序，使作文更有条理，做到了行文连贯。

　　全文适用的是一般过去时，注意了文章上下文时态保持一致的原则。

　　范文使用了一些重要的语法知识：非谓语动词Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited.；定语从句we put the figurines we made on the table…；时间状语从句When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. 语法知识使用得当，叙事清晰。

　　【考点定位】图表类记叙文

　　1.【2015·安徽】

　　某英文杂志正在举办以"Fancy yourself as an interviewer"为主题的征文活动，请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview" 为题，写一篇英语短文。

　　内容包括：

　　1. 采访的对象；

　　2. 采访的原因；

　　3. 想提的问题。

　　注意：

　　1. 词数120左右；

　　2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；

　　4. 短文的标题已给出，不计人总词数。

　　A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【参考答案】

　　A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview

　　The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.

　　I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.

　　If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.

　　【亮点说明】范文使用了一些重点句型：定语从句I would like to interview is Yang Liwei；原因状语从句because he is not only the first Chinese...；宾语从句①I could learn a great deal from him about it，②what made him an astronaut and how he was trained；条件状语从句If I could interview him；非限制性定语从句which must be very interesting等，显示了扎实的语法功底，也使作文的句式变得多样；

　　范文还使用了一些固定搭配和固定短语：not only...but also...；one of the...；the first to do sth；be interested in；a great deal；such...as等，使作文的内容变得更加丰富；

　　范文注意使用not only...but also, and, also和finally等来衔接句子，使范文显得语意连贯、衔接紧凑。

　　【考点定位】命题类材料作文

　　3.【2015·湖北】

　　短文写作

　　请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，有英语写一篇短文。

　　Questioning is a bridge to learning. When you begin to doubt something and search for an answer,you will learn.

　　注意：1.无须写标题；

　　2.除诗歌外，文体不限；

　　3.内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；

　　4.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

　　5.词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。

　　_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【参考答案】

　　Questioning can lead to searching for an answer. If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.

　　Two years ago, our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class. Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. When I showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.

　　From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.

　　【解析】

　　本文是一篇“提纲类开放式”作文，沿袭了近几年的高考模式，要求根据提示，并结合具体事例，完成一篇英语短文。考生写作之前必须认真审题，注意描述具体事例时要用过去时态，人称用第一人称，内容紧紧围绕所给的主题，最后要有总结，形成首尾呼应。

　　【亮点说明】首句“Questioning can lead to searching for an answer.”鲜明地亮出了作者的观点。文章使用了状语从句“If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.”及分词做状语“Thinking that his solution might be wrong,…”等句型，为文章增色不少。此外，一些短语的使用也恰到好处，如offer sb. sth.，work sth. out，manage to do sth.，praise sb. for sth.，serve as等。

　　【考点定位】考查“提纲类开放式”作文。

　　4.【2015·江苏】

　　书面表达 (满分 25 分)

　　81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.

　　[写作内容]

　　1. 用约30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;

　　2. 结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;

　　3. 根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。

　　写作要求]

　　1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;

　　2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

　　3. 不必写标题。

　　评分标准]

　　内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

　　【答案】

　　The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.

　　Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’ s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.

　　In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track. (150 words)

　　【亮点说明】范文严格按照“三步走”的格局，第一段用短短26字（不含标点）概括了所给材料，得益于使用了“not only…but also…”这一经典句型；第二段分析了导致交通问题的原因，使用了“give rise to, large-scale construction of, the increasing number of, (be) vital to”等高级词汇，同时“what’s worse”衔接词的恰当使用使该段条理清晰。第三段句型多样，变换使用了“Without虚拟语气，it is…who…强调句型，it is one’s duty to do sth.”等句型，为文章增色不少。

　　【考点定位】考查“说明文类材料+图形+提纲类”作文。

　　3.【2015·北京】

　　假如你是红星中学高三李华，请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封信，告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营，希望他一起参加，邮件的内容包括：

　　1. 介绍训练营的相关内容（例如；时间，地点，参加者等）；

　　2. 说明你打算参加的原因；

　　3. 询问对方的意向。

　　注意： 1. 词数不少于50；

　　2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数。

　　提示词：龙舟训练营

　　Dragon Boat Training Camp

　　Dear Jim,

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【答案】

　　Dear Jim,

　　I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I want to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. I wonder if you’d like to go with me.

　　This camp will open on July 20th, It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. If you are interested in it, let me know and I’ll send you more information.

　　Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.

　　【亮点说明】

　　本文结构紧凑，层次分明，运用了一些邀请信里常用的句型。如：I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday；I wonder if you’d like to go with me.

　　文中注意使用了一般将来时、一般现在时等不同的时态来叙述不同的事情，对时态有较好的把握。

　　【考点定位】应用文类书面表达

　　5.【2015·陕西】

　　书面表达（满分30分）

　　假定你是李华。在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事，请阅读启事，并根据写作要点和写作要求写一封应征邮件。

　　Volunteers

　　Wanted

　　Our annual English Festival, which will be held on June 15-17, 2015, is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate. If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms.Chen at

　　chenlaoshi@aef.com.

　　写作要点：

　　1.表示写信意图；

　　2.陈述应征目的；

　　3.说明应征条件（性格、能力等）。

　　写作要求：

　　1.邮件词数不少于100；

　　2.开头和结尾部分已写好，不计入总词数；

　　3.可根据情况增加细节，使行文连贯

　　4.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

　　Dear MS Chen ,

　　I’mLi Hua, a student from Class2, Grade 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours truly,

　　Li Hua

　　【参考答案】

　　Dear MS Chen ,

　　I’m Li Hua, a student from Class2, Grade 3. I’m writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.

　　I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability, communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.

　　As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.

　　I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be gratefull if you could give me a kind consideration.

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours truly,

　　Li Hua

　　【解析】

　　本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示可知需要结合“英语文化节”的一则招募启事写一封应征邮件。写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读招募启事，弄清招募职位所有信息和要求；2、根据写作要点从三个方面写应征邮件。写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。 4.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。

　　【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.运用了so…that…句型，以及定语从句I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.。此外，文章还使用了大量短语，如apply for the position, as well as, in public, get along well with,,have such a good command of, lent a helping hand to, live up to等。插入语Besides，以及副词Successfully的使用使文章内容更具有层次感，也使语言更加连贯。

　　【考点定位】考查提纲作文

　　1．（2014·陕西卷）

　　假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一篇欢迎词。

　　写作要点：

　　1.表示对客人的欢迎；

　　2.介绍此项活动（如活动目的、内容等）；

　　3.表达对客人的祝愿。

　　写作要求：

　　1.词数不少于100；

　　2.称呼已经给出，请写欢迎词正文；

　　3.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

　　Dear American guests,

　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　【答案】

　　One possible version：

　　Dear American Guest,

　　On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you. We are lucky to have you here in the middle of our English Week Activities.

　　As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. The purpose of this program is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking. The programme consists of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story telling and so on. The Show will begin at two o’clock this afternoon at the Student Centre. Dear guests, you are welcome to take part in some activities. I hope we students will benefit from your presence.

　　I sincerely wish you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.

　　【亮点说明】文中使用了非常好的短语和句子为文章增色不少，比如on behalf of，As scheduled， consist of， benefit from等等；还运用了不定式to have作状语，to develop作表语等，动名词listening等作宾语，hope后宾语从句等等。

　　【考点定位】考查应用文写作。

　　2．（2014·重庆卷）

　　青少年研究专家Susan Beacham在自己的英文网站上开辟专栏，邀请大家分享心目中的“最好礼物”。她认为，礼物贵在心意，应为之付出时间和精力。

　　假设你是李华，请用英文发帖，内容应包括：

　　*赞同Susan的看法

　　*你收到或送出的最好礼物是什么

　　*该礼物的意义

　　*期待大家回复

　　注意：1. 词数不少于80；

　　2. 符合语言规范；

　　3. 在答题卡上作答；

　　4. 开头已给出（不计入总词数）。

　　I am a high school student from China. ________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________________.

　　【答案】

　　I am a high school student from China and I am quite for your opinion about best gifts: the value of gifts lies in its intension so we should devote more to them.

　　The best gift I’ve ever received is a book from my English teacher, Debbie, which she brought to me when she returned from her holiday in USA. The book’s name is Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: The Real Deal: Friends. I value this book because it shows me how to keep the balance of friendship in a positive way. And I must thank my favorite teacher for her care about me because she found me at loss dealing with friends at one time. Reading it, I have been inspired and balanced myself in life and study.

　　I strongly recommend you to read it and share what you gain with me in your reply.

　　Yours ever,

　　Li Hua

　　写作技巧：一般情况下应分三段来完成改写任务：阐释Susan的观点并表示认同。收到或送出的礼物的具体描写及其意义。该部分是本写作任务的重点，应多费笔墨完成。表期待应另外起段完成，以便阅卷老师发现和评判内容要点。遣词造句尽量使用自己熟悉的词句。优秀学生一定要在保持正确的前提下尽量使用较为复杂的句型，如状语从句，定语从句，倒装句和适量的非谓语动词。特别强调：一定要注意卷面整洁并避免拼写错误。

　　3．（2014·重庆卷）

　　请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。

　　“My friend falls, I laugh; my phone falls, I cry.”

　　要求：1. 就此材料发表你的看法；

　　2. 紧扣材料，有明确的观点；

　　3. 词数不少于60；

　　4. 在答题卡上作答。

　　【答案】One possible version

　　This happens frequently in a teenager’s world which depends on cell phones too much. In the eyes of the youngsters’, friendship is important. But when it comes to the balance of friends and phones, kids tends to regard the latter as their bigger share.

　　I don’t think it is wise to neglect a devoted human friend but favor the phone, because human friends can push us on in the fierce struggle in life while phones are only our tools. So next time, when your friend falls, don’t laugh at him or her but help him or her stand up.

　　写作技巧

　　首先要对材料进行阐释，此时不宜抄袭原材料，而是改写材料。其次是对这中选择进行选择性论述。最后提出建议。遣词造句尽量使用自己熟悉的词句。特别是要尽量使用较为复杂的句型，如状语从句，定语从句等。

　　4． （2014·浙江卷）

　　学校图书馆需要购置一批新书， 现向学生征求意见。假如你是李越，你认为学校图书馆最需

　　要购置科普类图书（popular science books）和文学类图书（literary books）。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封100—120词的信，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。

　　 注意：信的抬头与落款已给出（不计入词数）。

　　 Dear Mr. Wang,

　　  ____________________________________________________________________________________

　　                                                      Yours sincerely

　　                                                       Li Yue

　　【答案】

　　 Dear Mr. Wang,

　　Knowing that our library is going to buy books, I’d like to give some suggestions.

　　What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.

　　In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books. Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.

　　I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Yue

　　【亮点说明】短文用了一些短语和句式增加了文章的色彩，如：would like to do；help sb do sth；not only...but also;encourage sb to do sth;That is why…等，还用了一些连词使句子结构复杂化，如：What we need most are popular science books这里what引导的主语从句；That is why I recommend another category of books：这里why引导的表语从句；I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.这里是if引导的条件状语从句。

　　 【考点定位】提纲作文。

　　5．（2014·新课标Ⅱ卷）

　　一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”，请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。

　　1.家庭：

　　2．工作：

　　3.业余生活。

　　注意：1.词数100左右：

　　2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯：

　　3.开头语已为你写好。

　　【答案】

　　One possible version：

　　I often imagine what my life would be like in the future . I think my life will be very different in ten years .i will be twenty –eight years old by then . I will have my own family, probably with a lovely child . I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer . I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues . I’will do a good job in whatever I do .In my free time , I will continue to take regular exercise , such as swimming , running and various ball games . On my holidays , I will travel around the world .In a word , my life will be much richer and more colorful .

　　【亮点说明】本篇范文短小精悍，要点全面，语言简练，时态人称准确，很好的完成了写作任务。在文章开头作者紧扣题目，提出自己对未来的畅想，然后从生活，工作，家庭三个方面描述了自己十年后的生活。在文中作者用到了短语In my free time , In a word , such as等介词短语，避免了文章句式的单一。此外，还用到了宾语从句in whatever I do、I will work in a computer company as a program designer等，这些都给朴素的语言带来了亮点。

　　【考点定位】考查提纲作文。

　　6．（2014·新课标Ⅰ卷）

　　假如你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意。请给该校写一封信，询问有关情况。（箭头所指内容）

　　注意：1.词数100左右

　　2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。

　　参考词汇：住宿—accommodation

　　【答案】

　　Dear Sir/Madam,

　　I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I’ve seen your ad,and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course.First,when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week?Besides,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?

　　I am looking forward to your early reply.

　　Yours faithfully,

　　Li Hua

　　【亮点说明】短文用了一些短语，增加了文章的色彩，如：plan to do sth ;would like to do sth;pay for; look forward to doing/sth等；用了一些过渡词如：First ；Besides等，使文章过渡自然；用了一些连词使句子结构复杂化不再单一。如：I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.并且wish后用了虚拟语气，增加了文章的亮点。

　　【考点定位】考查书信应用文。

　　7．（2014·天津卷）

　　假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津， 得知美国学生Chris 作为交换生， 下学期将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示， 给他写封邮件：

　　(1) 表示欢迎

　　(2) 介绍与本地生活相关的信息（如天气， 饮食等）

　　(3) 介绍本班情况

　　(4) 希望Chris做哪些事情， 以增进中美学生之间的了解和友谊

　　注意：

　　(1) 请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息。

　　(2) 可适当加入细节， 使内容充实，行文连贯。

　　词数不少于100； 开头已给出， 不计入总词数。

　　(1) 参考词汇：

　　交换生

　　exchange student

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m Li Jin, monitor of Class One, Grade Eleven.

　　【答案】

　　One possible version:

　　Dear Chris，

　　I’m Li Jin, monitor of Class One, Grade Eleven. Welcome to our class in China. I'm glad you can join our class, which is a wonderful group. Every student not only enjoys studying, but is ready to help each other. So if you join us, I’m sure you can get along well with them and quickly make friends with them, too.

　　The climate here is changeable. Now, it is very cool in autumn and cold in winter, so don't forget to bring different kinds of clothes with you. In your spare time, you can visit some famous places of interest in our city, as well as tasting all kinds of delicious traditional Chinese local foods. We Chinese use chopsticks to have Chinese food instead of forks and knives. And I can be your tour guide if you like.

　　As an American, there is no doubt that you are familiar with your country. So if it is convenient to you, please bring a map of America and some photos of your families，friends, and some famous buildings with you, and give us some speeches to introduce your school life and different culture of America. And we’ll exchange our different lives and cultures together then.

　　looking forward to your coming!

　　Yours

　　Li Jin

　　【亮点分析】本文包括了四个要点。1. 表示欢迎。2. 介绍班级情况，运用了which 引导的非限制性定语从句。not only…but also 连接词是句子连贯。3. 注意事项。4. 希望Chris做的事。用了get along well with，make friends with，as well as， instead of， it is convenient to you等短语和固定句型。

　　8．（2014·四川卷）

　　假设你是李夏I你的美国笔友Sam来信关心你参加商考的情况，请根据以下要点回信告知。

　　1. 考试日期与科目；

　　2. 考试准备情况；

　　3. 考试吋的状态；

　　4. 对试题的感受；

　　5. 可能的考试结果。

　　注意：

　　1. 词数120左右；

　　2.  开头语和结尾语已为你写好；

　　3. 可以适当增加细节.以使行文连贯；

　　4. 文中不能出现考生真实姓名和学校名称。

　　参考词汇：college entrance examination

　　Dear Sam,

　　Thank you for your

　　concern.                                                            ________________________ 

　　                                                                             ____________________________________

　　                                                                           _____________________________________

　　【答案】

　　One possible version :

　　Dear Sam ,

　　Thank you for your concern. I am glad to tell you something about what you asked about our college entrance examination .

　　The college entrance examination falls on June 7and June 8 every year ,and the subjects that we should prepare for are different depending on each province .Generally speaking , we are busy reviewing and preparing for it the moment we enter senior three ,which is considered a vital period .With the exam approaching , most students will feel nervous and upset .But by now when I am sitting the exam , I feel calm ,because I think the exam is neither too easy nor too difficult . I am sure I will get a good result .But whatever the result is, I will face it calmly. After all , I have made every effort ,and I won’t regret .

　　Best wishes !

　　Yours ,

　　Li Xia

　　【解析】本篇书面表达要求写一封书信，告诉朋友关于高考的一些情况，属于应用文范畴。书信是同学们非常熟悉的一种写作体裁，而且内容也是同学们正在体验着的高考，并且开头和结尾又已经给出，所以同学们写起来应该是游刃有余。在写作时应注意的问题有以下几个方面：首先，因为内容是同学们正在经历着的关于高考的事情，所以要使用一般现在时或者现在进行时。其次，要尽量使用高级词汇和句型来提高作文档次。此外，写作时也要使用恰当的连接词以使行文连贯，层次清晰。

　　【亮点说明】本篇书面表达要点全面，语言流畅，时态、人称和标点符号的使用正确，很好的完成了写作任务。在作文中作者开门见山提出自己写信的目的，即告诉Sam有关高考的事情，这种结构安排符合书信类文体的结构安排。在句式方面作者使用了定语从句which is considered a vital period，状语从句whatever the result is, 宾语从句what you asked about our college entrance examination等，而且还用到了Generally speaking , With the exam approaching , After all ,等短语，这些短语和句式的使用有效地增加了文章的亮点，提高了作文档次。

　　【考点定位】考查提纲类作文。

　　9．（2014·上海卷）

　　Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

　　学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：

　　1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；

　　2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。

　　【答案】

　　Dear Editor,

　　I’ve learned that our English Post is being reformed and one of the three columns is to be replaced by a new one. I’m writing this e-mail to share with you my opinions.

　　Needless to say, the columns will definitely be designed according to students’ interest and have positive effects on their study and life.

　　Compared to the entertainment , I hold the view that the value of the columns concerning health and culture is more important . The main factor is that it is of great significance to keep healthy while loss of health means kissing goodbye to life. Consequently, more knowledge of how to keep fit can improve the quality of life. In addition, the progress in acquiring cultures contributes to broadening one’ s horizons, which in turn is beneficial to one’s study and the establishment of philosophy of life.

　　Furthermore, the career planning should be taken into account in the school English Post . On the one hand, it covers one’s career development a great deal .On the other hand, it makes a great difference to one’s career success in the future.

　　What has been mentioned above is my personal ideas. Here I am in the hope that my advice will add a brilliant touch to the improved version of our school English Post.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Cheng Fei

　　【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，运用了一些词组，如：share with 和…分享，Needless to say不必说， according to 根据， have positive effects on对…有积极的影响，in turn反之，take… into account将…考虑在内，make a great difference to对…有很大的影响，in the hope that希望，句式上体现出多变的特点，如：Compared to the entertainment ,I hold the view that the value of the columns concerning health and culture is more important . 这句话用了过去分词和同位语从句，The main factor is that it is of great significance to keep healthy while loss of health means kissing goodbye to life. 这句话用了表语从句和while表示对比的用法， the progress in acquiring cultures contributes to broadening one’s horizons, which in turn is beneficial to one’s study and the establishment of philosophy of life.这句话使用了非限制性定语从句， What has been mentioned above is my personal ideas. 这句话用了主语从句，还有范文还使用了 In addition, Furthermore, On the one hand, On the other hand,这样的关联词使文章更加连贯。

　　【考点定位】考查提纲类书面表达

　　10．（2014·山东卷）

　　某英文报社组织题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文，内容须包括：1.该谚语的含义；2.体现该谚语含义的个人经历。

　　A friend in need is a friend indeed.

　　②Where there’s a will, there’s a way.

　　注意：1.词数：120-150；

　　2.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。

　　参考词汇：谚语 proverb

　　【答案】略

　　【考点定位】考查夹叙夹议文

　　11．（2014·辽宁卷）

　　假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活·创意无限”(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文

　　形式用英语写一份书面通知。

　　注意:

　　1.词数100左右;

　　2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯;

　　3.开头及结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。

　　参考词汇: 校园campus

　　创意作品innovation

　　颁奖prize-giving

　　【答案】

　　Notice

　　An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner.

　　Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.

　　Note that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.

　　All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony? Sure!

　　It’ll be held from 15:00 to 17:00 on June 18. So don’t miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions. Call Li Hua at 44876655.

　　Come on, everybody! It’s your show time.

　　Student Union

　　【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，运用了一些词组：around the corner.即将到来，Along with连同， hand in上交，occur to使想起，on show展览， Look forward to盼望，句式上体现出多变的特点，如： Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.这句话用了定语从句， Note that your innovations must be school things. 这句话用了宾语从句，Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.这句话使用现在分词做状语和宾语从句。

　　【考点定位】考查图画类书面表达

　　12．（2014·江西卷）

　　假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。

　　1.学会学习：方法，习惯等；

　　2.学会做人：真诚，友善；

　　3.学会其他：考生自拟。

　　注意：1.词数120左右；

　　2.发言稿开头和结尾已给出，不须抄在答题卡上，不计入总次数。

　　Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.

　　_________________________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________________________

　　Thank you!

　　【答案】

　　Good morning, everyone! It is my honour to be here to share with my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.

　　In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging. First, we should learn to learn efficiently. Personally, I used to try effective method to achieve my academic goals. Developing a good habit is also of importance. It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.

　　In addition, we should learn how to get along well with others. In school, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.

　　Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.

　　No pains no gains. I am sure that with great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.

　　Thank you!

　　【审题要素】

　　写作时需注意下列几点。

　　1. 应该使用第一人称。全文以现在以及将来范畴的时态为主，当然不排斥用过去时态。

　　2. 按提纲提示清晰分段，不能缺少要点（学会学习：方法，习惯等；学会做人：真诚；友善；学会其他）。

　　3.注意语言逻辑性和思维想象力。多用些语际衔接性词语（first of all ，besides ，on the one hand 等）。

　　【思路导引】

　　首先， 思考出要学会学习，要有个符合自己的方法，要养成良好的学习习惯，要有个正确的学习态度等；思考出要学会做人，要与人和善，要和睦相处，要正气真诚等；当然还要学会锻炼，学会娱乐，学会自我管理等。

　　然后，根据要点思考可用哪些表达法：the best way of .../ an acceptable thing is .../get into a habit of .../be active in..../go over.../behave well/it is kind of .../be involved in...等；根据提纲，连成句子，清晰分段。可用firstly.../in addition.../last but not the least等。

　　最后，虽然试卷给出了演讲开头，但我们别忘了在演讲稿结尾时，或总结，或展望未来，或表决心等。

　　13．（2014·江苏卷）

　　请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。

　　When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.

　　The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.

　　[写作内容]

　　1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要;

　　2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点,内容包括:

　　(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇;

　　(2)用 2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。

　　写作要求]

　　1. 可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;

　　2. 阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;

　　3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

　　4. 不必写标题。

　　评分标准]

　　内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

　　【答案】

　　支持:

　　Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not.

　　Generally, I am in favour of the inclusion. As the number of English learners is on the rise, it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words. Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its translation “xinxi jishu.” In our global village, we can see that it’s not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. In English, there are many words borrowed from Latin, French, or even Chinese. In fact, Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, say, “ganbu” or “minzhu” from Japanese.

　　So, it’s safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.

　　反对:

　　With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.”

　　I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons. Firstly, this inclusion has actually polluted our mother tongue. Sooner or later, many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones. And, rules don’t tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as “wifi” and “Out” in a Chinese way! Secondly, such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge of English. Just for one illustration, while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian.”

　　In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.

　　【亮点说明】范文用了一些词组：如in favour of, on some occasions, it’s not uncommon for …, divide into, give rise to,

　　take … for granted, be used to等等。注重句子的连接：如Besides, or, Firstly, Secondly, and, while, not only … but also …，句型上也是多变：With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.”这句话用了with的复合结构和非谓语动词作状语，In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people这句话运用了倒装结构等等。

　　【考点定位】考查议论文

　　14．（2014·湖南卷）

　　学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic_______”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。

　　内容：

　　1.说明设计理由

　　2.介绍新功能。

　　注意;:

　　1.词数不少于120个字

　　2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

　　【答案】略

　　【解析】

　　本书面表达是一篇说明文。所给出的题材十分贴近学生生活，学生能够从日常生活中的熟悉的物品适当发挥想象。本书面表达的要求写一篇说明文，所给的要点也很清楚：说明学生所选物品设计理由；介绍此物品新功能。写作的时候注意以下几点：1、切合题意。仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点。2、简明扼要。此题材学生都有话可说，但要注意说明清楚：为什么要设计此物品？此物品有哪些新功能？要点要全面。3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。

　　15．（2014·湖北卷）

　　请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。

　　Small things make a big difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.

　　注意：①无须写标题； ②除诗歌外，文体不限；

　　③内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；

　　④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

　　⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。

　　【答案】

　　It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.

　　I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.

　　As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.

　　【亮点说明】文章第一句It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society就鲜明概括并亮出了作者的观点。文中使用了定语从句I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon以及非限制性定语从句which drove off quickly都为文章增色不少，一些短语和短句的使用也恰到好处比如knock down，drive off，be proud of, rush to sb to do sth，compare with等并注意了句子的衔接如： when， luckily 等等。