【课堂新坐标】2017届高考英语（通用版）二轮复习短文改错专题训练：考法1 词法错误（含解析）

　　考法1| 词法错误1——冠词有误1. (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city,

　　home in countryside.

　　countryside前加the　[in the countryside为固定短语意为“在乡下”故在countryside之前加the。]2. (2015·浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.hurry前加a　[in a hurry为固定词组意为“匆忙”故在hurry之前加a。]3. (2016·四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.kitchen前加the　[此处应指我们家的厨房故在kitchen之前加the。] 4．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.去掉flowers前面的the　[表示“各种各样的花和树”时flowers and trees应为泛指前面不能加定冠词。]5．(2016·哈尔滨市第三中学模拟)As we know, plays后加an　[play an important part in为固定短语意为“在……important以元音音素开头故在plays之后加an。]6．(2016·长春外国语学校质检)When I suddenly fell ill, arest hospital.

　　nearest前加the　[在形容词最高级之前加定冠词故在nearest之前加the。]7. (2016·东北师大附中模拟)During the holiday, realized English was of great importance and made up my mind to make a progress.

　　去掉progress前面的a　[make progress取得进步为不可数名词前面不能加不定冠词。]8．(2016·长春市十一高中仿真模拟)First, a→an　[active以元音音素开头故active之前的不定冠词为an。take an active part in意为“积极参加”。]9．(2016·吉林省实验中学模拟)This is a third year that I have been in this school.a→the　[此处特指第三年故把a改为the。]10．(2016·潍坊市模拟)As long as you form regular habits and keep them, the→a　[live a ...life意为“过着……的生活”故把the改为不定冠词a。]感悟与反思冠词错误主要有四种情况：①不定冠词a与an错用：元音音素前用an辅音音素前用a。②不定冠词与定冠词错用：泛指用不定冠词特指用定冠词。冠词的缺失：可数名词单数前缺少不定冠词或定冠词。④冠词的多余：不可数名词前有多余的不定冠词表泛指的可数名词复数前有多余的定冠词。特别提示：需注意固定搭配中冠词的应用。错误2——名词有误1. (2016·全国乙卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.honest→honesty　[考查词性误用。主语是key与表语构成同位关系并非对主语的描述故用名词。]2．(2016·全国丙卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.year→years　[13至19岁的那几年当然要用复3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.airs→air　[air为不可数名词故应把airs改为air。]4．(2015·浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.side→sides　[side为three之后当然应用复数。]5．(2015·陕西高考)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.step→steps　[表示“一些基本步骤”应用复数形式。]6．(2016·张家口市考前模拟)My favorite sport is badminton, happy→happiness　[羽毛球能够带给我很多幸福作及物动词bring的宾语应用名词形式。]7．(2016·陕西师大附中模拟)We talked happily, been visited.

　　friend→friends　[通过one of可知friend应用复数形式。]8．(2016·长春市十一高中仿真模拟)But I think you can make it if you follow the advices below.advices→advice　[advice为不可数名词故应把advices改为advice。]9．(2016·齐齐哈尔市模拟)Friendship is one of the greatest pleasure that people can enjoy.pleasure→pleasures　[根据one of可知pleasure为可数名词应用复数形式。]10．(2016·天水一中模拟)But the problem is that there are not enough sports facilities to meet the public growing demand.public→public's　[此处表示“公众的日益增长的需求”应用所有格。]感悟与反思名词错误有三种情况：①名词数的错用：误把复数用作单数；误把不可数名词用作复数。②名词格的错用：该用所有格时错用普通格。③词性错用：该用名词时错用形容词。错误3——介词有误1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately,

　　on→with　[表示“随着……的发展”应用with the development of表示“随着”。]2．(2015·四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advice.去掉with　[help为及物动词后面直接跟宾语。]3．(2015·陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week.去掉in　[当用作时间状语的词前有last时其前不用介词。]4．(2014·辽宁高考)Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors, ettle something that bothers to us.

　　去掉bother后面的to　[bother为及物动词后面直接跟宾语。]5．(2014·四川高考)If you hear the alarm, wait后加for　[wait为不及物动词后跟宾语时应加for。]6．(2014·浙江高考)If we could show concern to others on need, on→in　[in need为固定搭配意为“需要帮助的；贫困中的”。] 7．(2016·长春市十一高中仿真模拟)Second, learn后加of　[learn表示“学习学会”时为及物动词表示“了解得知”时为不及物动词后需跟介词of。]8．(2016·吉林省实验中学模拟)In an autumn afternoon, In→On　[笼统地说“在下午”用in the afternoon但表示在“某一个下午”应用介词on。]9．(2016·哈尔滨市第三中学模拟)Sitting in front of TV all day does harm for our eyes and wastes our time.for→to　[do harm to为固定搭配意为“对……造成危害。]10．(2016·哈尔滨市第三中学模拟)So we should take a correct attitude students' watching TV.attitude后加towards或to　[表示“……的态度”应用attitude towards/to。]感悟与反思介词错误主要有三种情况：①介词的多余：及物动词后不能再加介词。②介词的缺失：不及物动词后跟宾语时需加介词。③介词的错用：介词的基本用法以及介词与动词、名词、形容词构成的搭配。需特别注意固定搭配中介词的使用包括介词的缺失与多余。错误41．(2016·全国丙卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life.worse→worst　[and之前用了best与之并列也应用最高级故把worseworst。]2．(2016·全国丙卷)At one time, freely→free　[be free from摆脱。]3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritiest.favoritiest→favorite　[favorite没有比较级和最高级。] 4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Much rare animals are dying out.Much→Many　[much修饰不可数名词为复数形式故应把Much改为Many。]5. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried.terrible→terribly　worried应用副词。]6．(2015·陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well.well→good　[此处应用形容词作表语作形容词时通常指健康状况而good。]7．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The fruits are small in size, taste→tasty　[juicy为形容词与之并列也应用形tasty表示“美味的可口的”。]8．(2016·山东师大附中模拟)Anyway, 去掉more　[better为比较级前面再加more就是比较级重复。故应去掉more。]9．(2016·玉溪一中模拟)At school, to build up our confidence.

　　hardly→hard　[所有老师工作都很努力应用hard而hardly意为“几乎不”。]10．(2016·哈尔滨市第六中学模拟)Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balance diet is essential for us.

　　balance→balanced　[表示“均衡的饮食”应用a balanced diet。]感悟与反思形容词、副词错误主要有四种情况：①形容词之间或副词之间的错用：由于词形或词义的接近而引起的错误。②比较等级的错用：特别是比较级与最高级的错错误5——代词有误1．(2015·陕西高考)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.anything→something　[表示“我想为他做一些特别的事情”应用something而anything表示“任何事情”。]2．(2016·淄博淄川一中模拟)Mine own experience can serve as a case in point.Mine→My　[此处表示“我的亲身经历”应用形容词性物主代词my。]3．(2016·长春市十一高中仿真模拟)As time goes on, yourself→you　[表示“人们会更了解你”应用you而非yourself。]4．(2016·昆明一中模拟)The passengers got off one after others.others→another　[one after another表示“一个接着一个。]5．(2016·东北师大附中模拟)I think I can improve me a lot in this way, me→myself　[表示“提高自己”用improve myself。]6．(2016·山东师大附中模拟)Through these activities, us→our　[名词前面应该用形容词性物主代词我们能够开拓“我们的视野”应用our horizons。]7．(2016·太原五中模拟)To my relief, something→nothing　[感到宽慰是因为没有什么严重的问题应用nothing。]8．(2016·太原五中模拟)I need to take some exercise every day and find ways to relax me.me→myself　[我需要每天锻炼想法放松自己应用relax myself。]9．(2016·潍坊市模拟)Without a healthy body, everything→anything　[句意：没有健anything与not连用表示全部否定而everything与not连用为部分否定。]10．(2016·乐山市调查研究考试)When I have a better them→it　[句意：当我有好主意时通常会选择坚持。后面的代词应指代前面的a better idea为单数故用it。]感悟与反思代词错误主要有三种情况：①人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词本身的单复数错用。②人称代词与物主代词、人称代词与反身代词错用。③不定代词错用。